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Parrotfish surveys and paired coral and parrotfish coral predation surveys conducted in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary from 2013-07-02 to 2019-09-11 (NCEI Accession 0293333)

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Data associated with the publication 'Ecological drivers of parrotfish coral predation vary across spatial scales', comparing parrotfish coral predation intensity as it relates to parrotfish density/biomass, coral cover, and other ecological variables from the scale of individual coral colonies to reefs spanning four regions of the Greater Caribbean. This dataset includes several datasets:

1) regional_coral_scar_data.csv: Surveys of coral colonies (with and without parrotfish predation scars) across all regions.

2) processed_coral_scar_data_colony_level.csv: Processed data from the file above filtered to only include coral taxa commonly predated by parrotfishes (determined as coral taxa for which at least 3 colonies across the entire dataset had 3 recent parrotfish predation scars). This includes the calculated coral colony surface area and the estimated total/sum recent scar area per coral colony.

3) regional_fish_data.csv: Parrotfish abundance and size for individuals greater than or equal to 15 cm fork length. This data includes estimated fish weight and related length-weight conversion values used to calculate these values.

4) site_coordinates.csv: Metadata of the latitude and longitude of all study sites.
  • Cite as: Rempel, Hannah S.; Bodwin, Kelly N.; Burkepile, Deron E.; Adam, Thomas C.; Altieri, Andrew H.; Barton, Emma M.; Francisca, Roxanne-Liana; Goodman, Maurice C.; Lamore, Rachael J.; Lippert, Marilla; Marroquin, Marietta; O'Rourke, Tara C.; VanderBloomer, Peter D.; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. (2024). Parrotfish surveys and paired coral and parrotfish coral predation surveys conducted in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary from 2013-07-02 to 2019-09-11 (NCEI Accession 0293333). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/j991-4469. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0293333
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Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 2013-07-02 to 2019-09-11
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -82.345528
East: -64.607426
South: 9.214778
North: 25.03482
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Rempel, H., Bodwin, K., Burkepile, D., Adam, T., Altieri, A., Barton, E., Francisca, R., Goodman, M., Lamore, R., Lippert, M., Marroquín, M., O’Rourke, T., VanderBloomer, P., & Ruttenberg, B. (2024). Ecological drivers of parrotfish coral predation vary across spatial scales. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 740, 145–160. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14633
  • Rempel, Hannah S.; Bodwin, Kelly N.; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. (2020). Patterns of parrotfish predation on Orbicella annularis and coral tissue regeneration from bite scars on the Caribbean islands of St. Croix and Bonaire from 2018-07-02 to 2019-08-24 (NCEI Accession 0213589). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0213589.
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2024-06-06
  • creation: 2024-05-30
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Purpose Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) are widely recognized for their important functional role in reducing coral-algae competition by grazing algae, yet some species are also coral predators (corallivores) and thereby have direct negative impacts on corals they prey upon. To better understand the ecological drivers of parrotfish corallivory intensity, we compared patterns of relative predation scar size and abundance across spatial scales from individual coral colonies (<1 to several meters in size), to reefs within islands (1 to 10s of km), to four regions across the Greater Caribbean (100s to 1000s of km) including Panamá, Florida, St. Croix, and Bonaire.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Rempel, Hannah S.; Bodwin, Kelly N.; Burkepile, Deron E.; Adam, Thomas C.; Altieri, Andrew H.; Barton, Emma M.; Francisca, Roxanne-Liana; Goodman, Maurice C.; Lamore, Rachael J.; Lippert, Marilla; Marroquin, Marietta; O'Rourke, Tara C.; VanderBloomer, Peter D.; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. (2024). Parrotfish surveys and paired coral and parrotfish coral predation surveys conducted in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary from 2013-07-02 to 2019-09-11 (NCEI Accession 0293333). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/j991-4469. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Points of Contact
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Agency: California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology
  • Funding Agency: Dr. Earl H. Myers & Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic & Marine Biology Trust
  • Funding Agency: Harvard Travellers Club Permanent Fund
  • Funding Agency: American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Gray Fund for Marine Research
  • Funding Agency: California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
  • Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
  • Numeric Data Sets > Biology
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Predation > Coral Predation
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Feeding Scars On Hard Coral
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Feeding Scars On Hard Coral > Fish
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Coral Colony Size and Condition
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Scleractinia (stony corals)
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords Provider Instruments
  • Dive computer
  • Trained observers
  • computer
  • computer or visual observation
  • ruler
  • ruler or PVC pipe marked with size bins
  • transect tape or GPS
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS CoRIS Place Thesaurus
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Netherlands Antilles > Bonaire > Bonaire (12N068W0002)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Netherlands Antilles > Bonaire > Karpata (12N068W0006)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Florida Reef Tract (26N080W0007)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Conch Reef (24N080W0011)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Davis Reef (24N080W0014)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > French Reef (25N080W0022)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Molasses Reef (25N080W0003)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Buck Island Reef (17N064W0001)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Long Reef (17N064W0015)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Salt River Bay (17N064W0022)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > St. Croix (17N064W0003)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Tague Bay ( Teague Bay ) (17N064W0009)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Bonaire > Karpata (12N068W0006)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Leeward Group > Bonaire (12N068W0002)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Buck Island Reef (17N064W0001)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Long Reef (17N064W0015)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Salt River Bay (17N064W0022)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Tague Bay ( Teague Bay ) (17N064W0009)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Virgin Islands > St. Croix (17N064W0003)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract (26N080W0007)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Conch Reef (24N080W0011)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Davis Reef (24N080W0014)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > French Reef (25N080W0022)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Molasses Reef (25N080W0003)
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS CRCP Project
  • FY16 Domestic Grant
  • NA16NOS4820050
  • Quantifying corallivory by parrotfishes: species-species preferences and impacts on threatened corals
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Keywords Send2NCEI Submission Package ID
  • CWAXE2
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Rempel, Hannah S.; Bodwin, Kelly N.; Burkepile, Deron E.; Adam, Thomas C.; Altieri, Andrew H.; Barton, Emma M.; Francisca, Roxanne-Liana; Goodman, Maurice C.; Lamore, Rachael J.; Lippert, Marilla; Marroquin, Marietta; O'Rourke, Tara C.; VanderBloomer, Peter D.; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. (2024). Parrotfish surveys and paired coral and parrotfish coral predation surveys conducted in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary from 2013-07-02 to 2019-09-11 (NCEI Accession 0293333). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/j991-4469. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2024-06-06T21:29:55Z - NCEI Accession 0293333 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: region (measured); Units: Character; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NA
  • Parameter or Variable: site (measured); Units: Character; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NA
  • Parameter or Variable: date (measured); Units: YYYY-MM-DD; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NA
  • Parameter or Variable: transect (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Data Quality Method: Variable is a unique number for a transect nested within a given survey site and region
  • Parameter or Variable: depth_m (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Dive computer; Data Quality Method: Depth of the transect survey measured by observers dive computers. Transects were placed parallel to the reef structure across a similar depth profile throughout.
  • Parameter or Variable: colony_id (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Data Quality Method: A unique coral colony id for each observed coral colony across the entire dataset.
  • Parameter or Variable: coral_species (measured); Units: Character; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Trained observers; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Coral colonies were identified in situ to species in most cases. For branching Porites spp. they were identified to the genus (noted as Branching Porites spp), and some Agaricia spp. were identified to the genus if an observer was not confident in the species.
  • Parameter or Variable: col_size (measured); Units: centimeter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ruler or PVC pipe marked with size bins; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Coral colonies were measured in situ where colony size is the diameter (maximum width) for all colonies ≥3 cm.; Data Quality Method: In Florida, coral abundance was low, so we directly measured each colony in situ to the nearest cm. In other regions, the higher abundance of colonies made directly measuring each colony impractical. In Panamá, we recorded colony diameter in bins of 3 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <20, 20 to <40, 40 to <80, and ≥80 cm. In St. Croix and Bonaire, some sites had a high abundance of small coral colonies. In these regions, we recorded colonies with a diameter <20 cm using the same size bins as in Panamá, but measured colonies ≥20 cm to the nearest cm.
  • Parameter or Variable: l_cm (measured); Units: centimeter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: We measured the maximum coral colony length (based on a bird's eye view, similar to the perspective of a photoquadrat) and the perpendicular width. NA values indicate corals where direct measurements were not taken and size is recorded in size bins only.
  • Parameter or Variable: w_cm (measured); Units: centimeter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Colony width. Either length or width denote the (maximum) diameter of the colony, while the other value is perpendicular to the diameter–it may not always consistent which value (length or width) is the maximum. NA values indicate corals where direct measurements were not taken and size is recorded in size bins only.
  • Parameter or Variable: percent_live (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Visually estimated percent live coral tissue per colony; Data Quality Method: Values are estimated to the nearest 5%
  • Parameter or Variable: percent_col_inside (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The estimated percentage of the coral colony that fell within the transect bounds (30 x 1 m); Data Quality Method: Values are estimated to the nearest 5%
  • Parameter or Variable: col_area_cm2 (calculated); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: For all coral species for which we had direct measurements, we calculated colony surface area (SA) based on the area of an oval: SA=π((Max.diameter)/2)x((Perpendicular width)/2)x((% live coral tissue)/100)x((% colony in transect)/100) To estimate the surface area of corals within size bins, we calculated the mean surface area of each coral taxa and size class from colonies for which we had direct measurements.
  • Parameter or Variable: n_scars (measured); Units: whole number; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The visually estimated number of total parrotfish predation scars per colony recorded by trained observers. This included recent scars and slightly older scars that observers felt could still be reliably attributed to parrotfishes. We defined an individual scar as one contiguous lesion (i.e., if a paired bite from a parrotfish left two scars with a space of living coral tissue dividing them this was considered two scars as they are two seperate coral lesions)
  • Parameter or Variable: percent_new (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The visually estimated percentage of parrotfish predation scars that were recent (i.e., no signs of healing at the scar perimeter or fouling of the coral skeleton by turfing algae or cyanobacteria within the scar area, which typically occur within a few days after a scar is inflicted)
  • Parameter or Variable: n_new_scars (calculated); Units: whole number; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The calculated number of new scars determined based on the total n_scars per colony and the percent_new
  • Parameter or Variable: scar_min_mm2 (measured); Units: square millimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The visually estimated surface area of the smallest observed scar per coral colony with predation scars. For coral colonies with 0-1 scars this variable is NA.
  • Parameter or Variable: scar_max_mm2 (measured); Units: square millimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The visually estimated surface area of the largest observed scar per coral colony with predation scars. For coral colonies with 0-1 scars this variable is NA.
  • Parameter or Variable: scar_med_mm2 (measured); Units: square millimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The visually estimated surface area of the median observed scar per coral colony with predation scars. For coral colonies with 0 or 2 scars this variable is NA (where if there are two scars they are recorded as the min and max scar size).
  • Parameter or Variable: total_grazed_cm2 (calculated); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The total coral colony surface area grazed, based on the estimated total area of recent parrotfish predation scars. While most colonies had few scars, some had >100 and it was not practical to measure each scar. Therefore, for colonies with >3 scars, we measured the visually estimated minimum, median, and maximum scars to estimate approximate scar size distributions. We used these size estimates and scar abundance to interpolate scar size distributions based on a normal distribution centered on the median and bounded by the minimum and maximum scar size, as scar sizes distribute approximately normally overall in a region (Rempel et al. 2020). See related publication for further details and the related code used to perform this scar size interpolation is available at (https://github.com/hannahrempel/ecological_drivers_corallivory, see 'Interpolating scar size' script).
  • Parameter or Variable: survey_l_m (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: transect tape or GPS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Length of the fish survey transect in meters.
  • Parameter or Variable: survey_w_m (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The width of the fish survey transect in meters, estimated visually by the observer using a PVC 'T-bar' as a size reference.
  • Parameter or Variable: species (measured); Units: Character; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Parrotfish species latin name recorded by the observer. For transects with no fish this is noted as 'No major corallivores' in this column.
  • Parameter or Variable: phase (measured); Units: Character; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: IP=initial phase, TP=terminal phase, NA=used in transects where no parrotfishes were observed. Parrotfishes are protogynous hermaphrodites that are for most species sexually dimorphic. They are classified as initial phase (IP) or terminal phase (TP) as a small portion of IP individuals are not always female, and some apparent TP individuals may be internally female as external color change often occurs prior to internal change in reproductive organs.
  • Parameter or Variable: size_cm (measured); Units: centimeter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Fish fork length in centimeters by trained observers. In St. Croix, Florida, and Bonaire size is recorded to the nearest cm, while in Panama fish are recorded in 5 cm bins.; Data Quality Method: Most surveys were conducted by the same observer in a region. Whenever possible, observers trained together to ensure that their estimates of fish fork length were within 1 cm of each other or when this was not possible they practiced estimating fish and checking their estimates until they calibrated estimates to the nearest cm.
  • Parameter or Variable: count (measured); Units: whole number; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Observed number of individuals of a given species, phase and fork length per transect.
  • Parameter or Variable: a (calculated); Units: numeric; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Fish 'a' values used for length-weight conversions.; Data Quality Method: Values are from Fishbase (for Scarus vetula) or for all other fish are from Bohnsack J.A. and D.E. Harper 1988. Length-weight relationships of selected marine reef fishes from the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-215:31 p. For Sp. viride and Sc. taeniopterus, there were multiple length-weight conversion values from different sampling locations (Bohnsack and Harper 1988), so we selected the values with an R2 >0.85 from the region with highest sample size. For Sc. vetula, we used FishBase Bayesian length-weight relationship estimates from species with a similar body plan (Froese et al. 2014).
  • Parameter or Variable: b (measured); Units: numeric; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Fish 'b' values used for length-weight conversions.; Data Quality Method: Values are from Fishbase (for Scarus vetula) or for all other fish are from Bohnsack J.A. and D.E. Harper 1988. Length-weight relationships of selected marine reef fishes from the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-215:31 p. For Sp. viride and Sc. taeniopterus, there were multiple length-weight conversion values from different sampling locations (Bohnsack and Harper 1988), so we selected the values with an R2 &gt;0.85 from the region with highest sample size. For Sc. vetula, we used FishBase Bayesian length-weight relationship estimates from species with a similar body plan (Froese et al. 2014)
  • Parameter or Variable: size_cm_est (measured); Units: centimeter; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: computer or visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: As fish from Panama were measured in 5cm bins while all others were recorded to the nearest cm we estimated the average fish size from Panama as the midpoint for each size bin (e.g., for 15-20 the estimated value is 17.5).
  • Parameter or Variable: weight_g (measured); Units: gram; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated fish weight based on length-weight scaling relationships calculated using fish length and reported a b values.
  • Parameter or Variable: latitude_DD (measured); Units: decimal degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: GPS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Study site latitude recorded by observers using a GPS.
  • Parameter or Variable: longitude_DD (measured); Units: decimal degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: GPS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Study site longitude recorded by observers using a GPS.
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • GPS
  • visual estimate
  • visual observation
Last Modified: 2026-04-06T18:22:23Z
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