Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all oceanographers who went to sea, performed the measurements, and were responsible for the measurements of CO₂ and hydrographic parameters. The authors also thank G. Monterey of Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory, Pacific Grove, California, for MLD calculations at NODC. They thank the funding agencies: National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, NASA, and NOAA, for supporting the seagoing programs. This work was supported by NASA through Grant NAGW-2324.