VII. REFERENCES

Abbott, D. P., Newberry, A.T. and  Morris, K. M. (1997) Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Section 6B: 
Ascidians (Protochordata). Bernice P. Bishop Museum Spec. Publ. 64(6B) 64 pp.
Abbott, I. A. (1987) There are aliens among the algae, tooor limu malahini. Newslet. Hawaiian Botan. 
Soc. 26:60-63.
AECOS (1982). Marine environmental baseline study in support of the development plan and 
environmental impact statement for Piers 12 to 15 in Honolulu Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii. Austin, 
Tsutsumi & Assoc. Inc., Honolulu. 
AECOS (1988). Biological reconnaissance survey and environmental assessment for Pier 1 modifications, 
Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii. , Honolulu. 
Agassiz, A. (1889). The coral reefs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 17(17): 122-
170. 
Allison, A., Miller, S. E., and Nishida, G. M.. (1995). Hawaii Biological Survey: a model for the Pacific 
region.  pp. 349-355. Marine and coastal biodiversity inn the tropical island Pacific region.  Vol. 1: 
Species systematics and information management priorities.  East-West Center, Honolulu. 
Bailey-Brock, J. H. and, Hartman, O. (1987). Class Polychaeta. In Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. 
Section 2: Platyhelminthes through Phoronida and Section 3: Sipuncula through Annelida. 
(Devaney, D. M. and Eldredge, L.G. eds.) BPBM Spec. Publ. 64 (2 & 3) Bishop Museum Press 
Honolulu, 461 pp.
Barnard, J. L. (1965) Marine Amphipoda of atolls in Micronesia. Proc. U.U. Nat. Mus. 117:459-552
Barnard, J. L, and Karaman, G. S. (1991) The famillies and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda 
(except marine gammaroids) Rec. Austr. Mus. 13(1) 1-417.
Barnard, J. L. (1970) Sublittoral Gammaridea (Amphipoda) of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contrib. 
Zool. 34, 286 pp
Barnard, J. L. (1971) Keys to the Hawaiian marine Gammaridea, 0-30 meters. Smithson. Contr. Zool. 59: 
135 pp
Bayer, F. M. (1961) The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian Region: A manual for marine 
biologists. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 373 pp
Beach, K. S., R. Harris, et al. (1995). Net phytoplankton of the Ala Wai Canal, O'ahu, Hawai'i. 
Pac. Sci. 49(4): 332-340.
Behrens Yamada, S., Hunt, C. and Richmond, N. (1999) The arrival of the European Green Crab Carcinus 
meanas in Oregon estuaries. First Nat. Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
Bienfang, P. K. and Brock, R. E. (1980). Predevelopment reconnaisssance of the water quality 
and macrobiota conditions affronting  West Beach coastline, Oahu, Hawaii. 
Environmental Communications, Inc., Honolulu. 
Briggs, J. C. (1974) Marine zoogeography. McGraw-Hill, N. Y. 475 pp.
Brock, R. E. (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994). An analysis of benthic communities in the zone of mixing for the 
Honolulu and Kahului Electrical Generation Facility. Hawaiian Electric Environmental 
Department, Honolulu. 
Brock, R. E. (1995, 1997). An analysis of benthic communities in the zone of mixing for the Honolulu 
Electrical Generation Facility. Hawaiian Electric Environmental Department, Honolulu. 
Brock, V. E. (1952) A history of the introduction of certain aquatic animals to Hawaii. Bienn. Rept. Bd. 
Agric. Hawaii, 114-123.
Brock, V. E. (1960). The introduction of aquatic animals in Hawaiian waters. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 
45:463-480.
Brousseau, D., Korchari, P. and Pflug, C. (1999) Food preference studies of the Japanese Shore 
Crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus from western Long Island Sound. First Nat. Conf. on 
Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
Buske, N. and McCain, J. C. (1972). A preliminary survey of the marine environmental impact of the 
Honolulu Power Plant. Hawaiian Electric Environmental Department, Honolulu. 
Buttermore, R.E., Turner, E. and Morrice, M.G.. (1994). The introduced Northern Pacific seastar Asterias 
amurensis in Tasmania. Mem. Queensland Mus.36: 21 -25.
Carlton, J. T. (1979). Introduced invertebrates of San Francisco Bay, pp. 427-444, In T. J. Conomos, editor, 
San Francisco Bay: The Urbanized Estuary. American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco.
Carlton, J. T. (1985). Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: the 
biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review 23:313-
371.
Carlton, J. T. (1987). Patterns of transoceanic marine biological invasions in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of 
Marine Science 41:452-465.
Carlton, J. T. (1989). Mans role in changing the face of the ocean: biological invasions and 
implications for conservation of near-shore environments. Conservation Biol. 3:265-273.
Carlton, J. T. (1992) Blue immigrants: the marine biolgy of maritime history. The Log: 44:31-36. 
Mystic Seaport Museum, Mystic, CN.
Carlton, J. T. (1994).  Biological invasions and biodiversity in the sea: the ecological and human impacts of 
nonindigenous marine and estuarine organisms. Keynote Address, pp. 5 - 11, In: Nonindigenous 
Estuarine and Marine Organisms (NEMO), Proceedings of the Conference and Workshop, Seattle, 
Washington, April 1993, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Office of the Chief Scientist, 125 pp. (September 1994).  Government Document 
No. C55.2:N73, Government Printing Office No. 0208-C-04.
Carlton, J. T. and Eldredge, L. G. (ms. in prep). Introduced and cryptogenic marine and brackish water 
invertebrates of the Hawaiian Islands. 2nd draft, 95 pp.
Carlton, J. T. and Geller, J. B. (1993). Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine 
organisms. Science 261:78-82.
Carlton, J. T. and Hodder, J. (1995) Biogeography and dispersal of coastal marine organisms: experimental 
studies on a replica of a 16th-century sailing vessel. Mar. Biol. 121:721-730
Carlton, J. T., Thompson, J. K., Schemel, L. E., and Nichols, F. H.. (1990). Remarkable invasion of San 
Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and 
dispersal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 66:81-94
Cartwright, B. (1923). The first discovery of Honolulu Harbor. Hawaii Historical Society, Honolulu.
Chapman, G. A. (1979). Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway post construction 
environmental impact report.  Vol. 1. Executive Summary. Hawaii State Dep. 
Transportation, Honolulu. 
Chapman, J. H. (1988). Invasions of the northeast Pacific by Asian and Atlantic gammaridean amphipod 
crustaceans, including a new species of Corophium. J. Crust. Biol. 8:364-382
Chapman J. H. and Carlton J. T. (1991). A test of criteria for introduced species: the global invasion by the 
isopod Synidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881). J. Crust. Biol. 11:386-400.
Chu, G. W. T. C and Cutress, C. E. (1954) Human dermatitis caused by marine organisms in 
Hawaii. Haw. Acad, Sci. 1953-54:9.
Chu, K. H., Tam, P. F., Fung, C. H. and Chen, Q. C. (1997) A survey of ballast water in container 
ships entering Hong Kong. Hydrobiologia 352: 201-206.
Cohen, A. N. (1999) Status of invasions and policy response on the U.S. west coast. First Nat. 
Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
Cohen, A. N., and Carlton, J. T. (1995). Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case 
Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta.  A Report for the United 
States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., and The National Sea Grant College Program, 
Connecticut Sea Grant  NTIS Report Number PB96-166525 246 pp. + Appendices.
Cohen, A. N. and Carlton, J. T. (1998) Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science, NY 
279: 555--558
Cohen, A. N., and Carlton, J. T. (1997). Transoceanic transport mechanisms: introduction of the Chinese 
Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinesis, to California.  Pac. Sci. 51:1-11.
Cohen, A. N., Carlton, J. T. and Fountain, M. C. (1995). Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the 
green crab Carcinus meanas in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 122:225-237.
Coles, S. L. (1999) Colonization of reef corals in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 18:28.
Coles S. L., DeFelice, R. C., Eldredge, L. G. and Carlton, J. T. (1997) Biodiversity of marine communities 
in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii with observations on introduced exotic species. Bernice Pauahi 
Bishop Mus Tech Rep No. 10: 1-76
Coles, S. L, DeFelice, R. C., Smith, J. E., Muir, D. and Eldredge, L. G. 1998. Determination of baseline 
conditions for introduced marine species in nearshore waters of the island of Kahoolawe, Hawaii.  
Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep. No. 14, 26 pp.
Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C., Eldredge,  L. G.  and  Carlton, J. T. (1999) Historical and recent 
introductions of nonindigenous marine species into Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaiian 
Islands. Mar. Biol. In press
Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through 
Ctenophora (Devaney, D. M. and  Eldredge, L. G., eds), BPBM Spec Publ. 64 (1), Bishop 
Museum Press, Honolulu, 278 pp.
Cox, D. and Gordon, G., Jr. (1970). Estuarine pollution in the State of Hawaii.  Vol. 1. Statewide survey. 
Water Resources Research Center, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu. 
Cuttress, C. E. (1977). Order Actiniaria. In Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii.  Section 1: Protozoa through 
Ctenophora (D. M. Devaney and Eldredge, L. G., eds.), BPBM Spec. Publ. 64(1), Bishop Museum 
Press, Honolulu. 278 pp.
Daehler, C. C. and Strong, D. R. (1996) Status, prediction and prevention of introduced cordgrass Spartina 
spp. Invasions in Pacific estuaries, USA.  Biolog. Conserv. 78:51-58.
Dall, W. H., Bartsch, P. and  Rehder, H. A. (1938) A manual of the recent and fossil marine pelecypod 
molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull Bernice P Bishop Mus 153: 1-233 
DeFelice, R. C., Coles S. L., Muir D., Eldredge, L. G. (1998) Investigation of the marine communities of 
Midway harbor and adjacent lagoon, Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Hawaii 
Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu (HBS Contribution No. 1998-014).
Department of the Army. (1974). Draft environmental impact statement: Ala Wai Boat Harbor, 
Oahu, Hawaii. Pavific Ocean Division, Corps of Engineers, Honolulu. 
Doty,  M. S. (1961) Acanthophora, a possible invader of the marine flora of Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 25:547-552
Edmondson, C. H., and Ingram, W. M. (1939). Fouling organisms in Hawaii. Occ. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop 
Mus. 14:251-300.
Edmondson, C. H. and Wilson, I. H. (1940) The shellfish resources of Hawaii. In 6th Pacific Science 
Congr. 3:241-243.
Environment Consultants Inc. (1975). Marine Environmental Assessment, Barbers Point Barge 
Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii. U. S. Army  Engineering Division, Pacific Ocean, Honolulu. 
Environmental Consultants Inc. (1977). Post construction water quality, benthic habitat and 
epifaunal survey for the reef runway, Honolulu International Airport. Ralph M. Parsons C., 
Honolulu. 
Environmental Consultants Inc. (1978). Marine environmental survey for the Ke'ehi Lagoon 
unauthorized landfill. U. S. Army Engineer Division , Pacific Ocean, Honolulu. 
Environmental Consultants Inc. (1979). Post construction water quality, benthic habitat and 
epifaunal survey for the reef runway, Honolulu International Airport.  Final Report.  Water 
Quality. Ralph M. Parsons Co., Honolulu. 
Environmental Consultants Inc. and Hawaiian Electric Company Inc. (1974). The marine biological impact 
of the Honolulu Power Plant.  A summary of the 1974 investigations. Hawaiian Electric 
Environmental Department, Honolulu. 
Evans, E. C. I., Buske, N. L., Grovhoug, J. G., Guinther, E. B., Jokiel, P. L., Kam, D. T. O., Kay, E. A., 
Peeling, T. J., and Smith, S. V. (1974). Pearl Harbor Biological Survey - Final Report, Rep. No. 
NUC TN 1128. Naval Undersea Center (NUC), San Diego.
Gibbons, M. J. and Ryland, J. S. (1989) Intertidal and shallow water hydroides from Fiji. I. Athecata to 
Sertulariidae. Mem. Queensland Mus. 27:377-432.
Glenn, C. R. and G. M. McMurtry (1995). Scientific studies and history of the Ala Wai Canal. and 
artificial tropical estuary in Honolulu. Pac. Sci. 49(4): 307-318. 
Glenn, C. R., S. Rajan, et al. (1995). Geochemistry, minerology and stable isotopic results from 
Ala Wai estuarine sediments: record of hypereutrophication and abiotic  whitings. Pac. 
Sci. 49(4): 367-399. 
Gonzales, F. I. J. (1971). A descriptive study of the physical oceanography of the Ala Wai Canal. 
Hawaii Inst. Geophysics Tech Rep 71-7, Honolulu. 
Gordon, D. P. and Mawatari, S. F. (1992) Atlas of marine fouling bryozoa of New Zealand ports and 
harbors. Misc. Publ. N. Z. Oceanogr. Inst. 107:1-52
Gosliner, T. M. (1995) Introduction and spread of Philine auriformis (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) from 
New Zealand to San Francisco Bay and Bodega Harbor. Mar. Biol. 122:249-255
Greenberg, N., Garthwaite, R. L. and Potts, D. C. (1996) Allozyme and morphological evidence 
for a newly introduced species of Aurelia in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 
125:401-410.
Grosholz, E. and Ruiz, G. (1999) The impacts of the European green crab on multiple trophic 
levels in central California. First Nat. Conf. On Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge 
(Abstr.).
Grovhoug, J. G. 1976. A preliminary evaluation of environmental indicator systems in Hawaii. Rep. No. 
NUC TN 1689. Naval Undersea Center, San Diego.
Grovhoug, J. G., and Rastetter, E. B. (1980). Marine fouling dynamics in Hawaii nearshore ecosystems. A 
suggested technique for comparison and evaluation. In 5th Int. Congress on Mar. Corrosion and 
Fouling 1:249-266, Madrid.
Guinther, E. (1988). Biological reconnaissance surveys of selected areas in Ke'ehi Lagoon, 
O'ahu, Hawai'i. OI Consultants, Inc., Honolulu. 
Hallegraeff, G. M. and Bolch, C. J. (1991). Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. 
Mar. Poll. Bull. 22:27-30.
Harbors Department (1984). Environmental assessment, Kewalo Basin improvements, Honolulu, 
Hawaii. Hawaii State Department of Transportation, Honolulu. 
Harris, C. L. (1972). Primary production in a small tropical estuary. Hawaii Inst. Geophysics Rep. 
75-7, Honolulu. 
Hartman, O. (1966). Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. Occ. Pap Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 23, 
163-252.
Harvey, G. W. (1970). Keehi Lagoon Ecological Survey. June to September, 1970. Oceanic 
Institute, Makapu'u Oceanic Center, Waimanalo. 
Hayward, B. W. (1997) Introduced marine organisms in New Zealand and their impact in Witemata 
Harbor, Aukland. Tane 36:197-223.
Henry, D. and McLaughlin, P. (1975) The barnacles of the Balanus amphitrite complex (Cirripedia, 
Thoracica). Zool. Verh. Leiden 141: 1--254
Hiatt, R. W. (1954) Hawaiian marine invertebrates. Aguide to their identification. Privately issued, copy on 
file in Div. Mar. Invertebrates, Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Hicks, D. W. and Tunnell, J. W. (1993). Invasion of the south Texas coast  by the edible brown mussel, 
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758). Veliger 36:92-94.
Hilliard, R. W., Hutchings, P, and Raaymakers, S. (1997) Ballast water risk assessment, 12 Queensland 
ports. Review of candidate risk biota. Stage 4 Report, Ports Corp of Queensland, Brisbane.
Judd, W. F. (1975). Palaces and Forts of  the Hawaiian Kingdom. Palo Alto, Pacific Books.
Kay, E. A. and Palumbi, S. R. (1987) Endemism and evolution in Hawaiian marine invertebrates. Trends in 
Ecol. Evol. 2:183-186.
Kay EA (1979) Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Section 4: Mollusca Bernice P 
Bishop Museum Spec. Publ. 64(4) Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 652 pp.
Kinzie, R. A. III (1968) The ecology of the replacement of Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius) by 
Gonodactylus falcatus (Forskal) (Crustacea; Stomatopoda) recently introduced into the Hawaiian 
Islands. Pac. Sci. 22:465-475.
Kovach, W. I. (1993). MSVP - A Multivariate Statistical Package for IBM-PCs, ver 2.1. Kovach 
Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U. K.
Lambert, C. C. and  Lambert G. (1998) Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and 
marinas. Mar. Biol. 130: 675-688.
Larson, A., Gerard, V. and Cerrato, R. (1999) Potential impact oif the recently introduced Asian Shore 
Crab, Hemigapsus sanguineus, on the rocky intertidal comunnities of the norther U.S. coast. First 
Nat. Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The sponges of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu. Pac. Sci. 4 :3-36
Laws, E. A., Doliente, D. et al. (1993). Hypereutrophication of the Ala Wai Canal, Oahu, Hawaii: 
prospects for cleanup. Pac. Sci. 47(1): 59-75. 
Long, E. R. (1972). Marine fouling studies off Oahu, Hawaii. Veliger 17:23-36.
Luoma, S. N. (1974). Aspects of the dynamics of mercury cycling in a small Hawaiian estuary. 
Ph. D. Thesis, University of Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: 
Maciolek, J. A. (1984) Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. In: Courtenay W. 
R.and Stauffer, J. R. (Jr.) (eds.) Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. 
Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 131-161.
McCain, J. C. and Peck, J. M. Jr. (1972). The marine biological impact of the Honolulu Power Plant.  A 
summary of the 1972 investigations. Hawaiian Electric Environmental Department, Honolulu. 
McCain, J. C. and Coles, S. L. (1973). The marine biological impact of the Honolulu Power Plant. 
Hawaiian Electric Environmental Department, Honolulu. 
McCain, J. C. Coles, S. L. and Peck, J. M. (1975). The marine biological impact of the Honolulu Power 
Plant. Univ. Hawaii Sea Grant, Honolulu. 
McDermott, J. J. (1991). A breeding population of the western Pacific crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus 
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) established on the Atlantic coast of North America. Biol. Bull. 
181:195-198.
McDermott, J. J. (1999) A review of the natural history of th Asian Shore Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus in 
the western Atlantic with addition information on its biology. First Nat. Conf. on Marine 
Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
McMurtry, G. M., Snidvongs A., et al. (1995). Modeling sediment accumulation and soil erosion 
with 137Cs and 210 Pb in the Ala Wai Canal and central Honolulu watershed, Hawai'i. 
Pac. Sci. 49(4): 412-451. 
Meinesz, A., Vaugelas, J de, Hesse, B. Mari, X. (1993) Spread of the introduced tropical green 
algae Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranean waters. J. Appl. Phycol. 5:141-147.
Miller, J. M. (1975). Ecological studies of the biota of the Ala Wai Canal. Hawaii Inst. Mar. 
Biol.Tech. Rep. 32, Honolulu. 
Mills, C. E. and Sommer, F. (1995) Invertebrate introductions in marine habitats: two species of 
hydromedusae (Cnidaria) native to the Black Sea, Maeotis inexspectata and Blackfordia virginica, 
invade San Francisco Bay. Mar. Biol. 122:279-288.
Monniot, C. (1991) Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. X. Stolidbranches (suite). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 
Paris 4e ser 13:3-37.
Monniot, C, and Monniot, F. (1997) Records of ascidia from Bahrain, Arabian Gulf, with three new 
species. J. Nat. Hist. 31:1623-1643.
Muir, D.G. (1997) New records of pericarid Crustacea in Hawaii (Crustace: Pericarida) Bishop 
Mus. Occ. Pap. 49:50-54.
Noda, E. K. and Assoc. (1989). Ke'ehi Lagoon recreation plan. Hawaii State Dep. Transportation, 
Honolulu. 
Oceanit Laboratories Inc. (1990). Marine environmental assessment for the waterfront at Aloha Tower. 
Hawaii State Aloha Tower Development Corp., Honolulu. 
OI Consultants (1990). Post-Construction survey of nearshore marine water quality at  West 
Beach, Oahu, Part I. West Beach Estates, Honolulu. 
Parsons, R. M. I. (1975). Environmental impact statement for the proposed disposal of solid 
waste bales in Keehi Lagoon and the coast waters of Oahu. Honolulu Dep. Pub. Works, 
Honolulu. 
Paulay, G. (1996) New records and synonymies of Hawaiian bivalves (Mollusca). Occ. Pap. Bernice P. 
Bishop Mus. 45:18-29.
Pilsbry, H. A. (1928). Littoral barnacles of the Hawaiian Islands and Japan. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
79:305-317.
Por, F. D. (1978) Lessepsian migration. The influx of Red Sea biota into the Mediterranean by 
way of the Suez Canal. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Raine, L. M., B. Z. Siegel, et al. (1995). Mercury accumulation in sediments of the Ala Wai Canal 
and in soils and stream sediments of the central Honolulu watershed. Pac. Sci. 49(4): 
511-525. 
Rainer, S. F. (1995) Potential for the introduction and traslocation of exotic species by hull fouling: 
a preliminary assessment. Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests Tech. Rep. 
1, Hobart.
Randall, J. E. (1987) Introductions of marine fishes to the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 
41:490-502.
Randall, J. E. (1992) Endemism of fishes in Oceania. UNEP Regional Seas Rep. and Stud. 
147:55-67.
Rastetter, E. B. and Cooke, W. J. (1979) Responses of marine fouling communities to sewage abatment in 
kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mar. Biol. 53:271-280.
Resig, J. M., K. Ming, et al. (1995). Foraminiferal ecology, Ala Wai Canal, Hawai'i. Pac. Sci. 
49(4): 341-366. 
Rodriguez, L. F., Ruiz, G. M. and Walton, W. C. (1999). Where north meets south: invasion of Tasmania 
by the European Green Crab and its consequnces for native crabs. . First Nat. Conf. on Marine 
Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
Rogers, S. K. (1997) Oahus invasive algae. Aliens 6:10.
Rogers, S. K. and Cox, E. F. (1999) The distributions of the introduced rhodophytes, 
Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty), Kappaphycus striatum Schmitz and Gracilaria salicornica C. ag. 
in relation to various physical and biological factors in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 
In press.
Ruiz, G. M., Carlton, J.T., Grosholz, E. D. and Hines, A. H. (1997) Global invasions of marine and 
estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent and consequences. Am. Zoo.l 
37: 621-632.
Rush, B. F. (1957). History of construction and development of Honolulu Harbor. Board of Harbor 
commissioners, Honolulu. 
Russell, D. J. (1983) Ecology of the imported seaweed Eucheuma striatum Schmitz on Coconut Island, 
Oahu, Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 37:87-107.
Russell D. J. (1992) The ecological invasion of Hawaiian reefs by two marine red algae, Acanthophora 
spicifera (Vahl) Boerg and Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. Ag., and their association with two 
native species, Laurencia nidifica J. Ag. and Hypnea cervicornis J. Ag. ICES Mar. Sci. Symp. 
194: 110-125.
Sanderson, J. C. (1990). A preliminary survey of the distribution of the introduced macroalga, Undaria 
pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar on the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. Botanica Marina 33:153-
157.
Seeley, R. H. (1999) History and impact of an intertidal invasion: green crabs (Carcinus meanas 
[L.]) in New England, 1900-1998. First Nat. Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, MIT 
Cambridge (Abstr.).
Shultz, C. D. (1971). Some chlorinated pesticides in the water, sediment and selected biota in the 
Ala Wai Canal, a tropical estuary on Oahu, Hawaii. Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol. Tech. Rep. 28, 
Honolulu. 
Shushkina, E. A., G. G. Nikolaeva, T. A. Lukasheva. (1990).  Changes in the structure of the Black sea 
planktonic community at mass reproduction of sea gooseberries Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz). 
Oceanology 51:54-60. 
Siguan, M. A. R. (1996) The spread of the tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean 
Sea. Aliens 3:12.
Smith, L. D., Wonham, M. J., McCann, L. D., Reid, D. M., Ruiz, G. M. and Carlton, J. T. (1996) 
Biological invasions by nonidigenous species in United States waters: quantifying the 
role of ballast water and sediments Parts I and II. The National Biological Invasions 
Shipping Study II (NABISS II) U. S. Coast Guard and the U. S. Department of 
Transportaion, Washington D C. (Rep. No. CG-D-02-97, Gov. Access. No. AD-
A321543).
Soule, D. F. and Soule, J. D. (1967) Faunal affinities of some Hawaiian Bryozoa (Ectoprocta). Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. 35:265-272.
Southward, A. J., Burton, R. S., Coles, S. L., Dando P. R., DeFelice, R., Hoover J., Parnel, E., 
Yamaguchi, T. and Newman, W. A. (1998). Invasion of Hawaiian inner shores by an 
Atlantic barnacle. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 165:119-126.
Spencer, K., De Carlo, E. H. et al. (1995). Isotopic clues to sources of natural and anthropogenic 
lead in sediments and soils from O'ahu, Hawai'i. Pac. Sci. 49(4): 492-510. 
Straughan, D. (1969). Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Oahu, Hawaii. Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
68, 229-40.
Thomas, W. J. (1979). Aspects of the micro-community associated with Telesteo riisei, an introduced 
alcyonarian species. Masters Thesis, Dep. Zoology. Honolulu, Univ. of  Hawaii, Honolulu
Thompson, J. and Luoma, S. (1999) Food web and contaminant flow effects of an exotic bivalve 
in San Francisco Bay, California. First Nat. Conf. on Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge 
(Abstr.).
Tokioka, T. (1967). Pacific Tunicata of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution Bull. 
251, 1-247.
Trowbridge, C. D. (1996) Introduced versus native subspecies of Codium fragile: how distinctive 
is the invasive subspecies tomentosoides? Mar. Biol. 126:193-204.
Tyrrell, M. C. (1999) Predicted impacts of the introduced crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, in New 
Hampshire. First Nat. Conf. On Marine Bioinvasions, MIT Cambridge (Abstr.).
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (1958). General design for modification of Honolulu harbor. U. S. Army 
Engineer District, Honolulu, Honolulu. 
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (1978). Sand Island shore protection, Oahu, Hawaii. U. S. Army Engineer 
District, Honolulu, Honolulu. 
Wester, L. (1981) Introduction and spread of mangroves in the Hawaiian Islands. Assoc. Pac. 
Geogr. Yearbk. 43:125-137.
Wilson Okimoto & Assoc. (1969). Honolulu Harbor 1968.  A planning and engineering guide for the 
development of the Honolulu waterfront. Harbors Division, State of Hawaii Dep. Transportation, 
Honolulu. 
Zibrowius, H. (1991) Ongoning modification of the mediterranean marine fauna and flora by the 
establishment of exotic species.  Mesogee 51:83-107.
Zolotarev, V. (1996) the Black Sea ecosystem changes related to the introduction of new mollusc 
species. Mar. Ecol. 17:227-236.


