Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Dr. Paul Jokiel
        Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
        Department Of Oceanograhpy
        School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
        University Of Hawaii
      Originator:
        Mr. Eric Brown
        Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
        Department Of Oceanograhpy
        School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
        University Of Hawaii
      Originator:
        Dr. Alan Friedlander
        The Oceanic Institute
      Publication_Date: unknown
      Title:
        Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP):
        Benthic Data from 1999-2001
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: None
        Issue_Identification: None
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Unpublished Naterial
        Publisher: Unpublished material
      Online_Linkage: http://www.nodc.noaa.gov (via "NODC Data Direct" section)
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This dataset consists of CRAMP surveys taken in 1999-2001 and includes
      quantitative estimates of substrate type, species type, and percent coverage.
      Fish data are included in a separate submission.  The types and coverages
      were derived objectively from photographic images using PointCount99, a
      software package which analyzes random points on images of coral reefs
      and substrate. This dataset does not include the images from video
      transects however these have been provided to NOAA separately.  Photoquadrats
      are not included in this set. There are 32 survey sites, with 27 of these having
      both a shallow and deep transect.  These sites are located on Kauai, Oahu, Maui,
      Kahoolawe, and Hawaii.  Typically, one sampling date was made for each site
      per year. Annual surveys are scheduled at these sites and additional sites
      through at least 2002. This dataset replaces datasets previously given to NODC
      with NODC Accessions Numbers 0000757 and 0000513.
    Purpose:
      To understand the ecology of Hawaiian coral reefs in relation to
      other geographic areas and to monitor change at each given site.

      CRAMP experimental design allows detection of changes that can be attributed
      to various factors such as:

      overuse (over-fishing, anchor damage, aquarium trade
      collection, etc.), sedimentation, nutrient loading,
      catastrophic natural events (storm wave impact, lava
      flows), coastal construction, urbanization, global warming
      (bleaching), introduced species, algal invasions, and fish
      and invertebrate diseases.

      The emphasis of the program is on the major problems facing Hawaiian coral
      reefs as listed by managers and reef scientists during workshops and meetings
      held in Hawaii (1997-1998). These are:

      over-fishing,
      sedimentation,
      eutrophication, and
      algal outbreaks.

      CRAMP experimental design gives priority to areas where baseline data relevant
      to these issues were previously collected. Transect dimensions, number of
      replicates, and methods of evaluation have been selected to detect changes
      with statistical confidence. Standard techniques include the establishment of
      permanent transects to quantify fish, coral, algae, and invertebrates at study sites.

      CRAMP researchers are quantifying changes that have occurred on coral reefs
      subjected to varying degrees of fishing pressure, sedimentation,
      eutrophication, and algal growth and are conducting experimental work in
      order to test hypotheses concerning the role of these environmental factors
      in the ecology of coral reefs. We are also in the process of resurveying,
      updating and integrating existing ecological information on an array of coral
      reefs that have been designated as areas of concern or, "hot spots," by
      managers and scientists.
    Supplemental_Information:
      NOAASupplemental:
      Entry_ID: Unknown
      Sensor_Name: SCUBA, Video camera
      Source_Name: manual
      Project_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP)
      Originating_Center: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
      University of Hawaii at Manoa
      Storage_Medium: Excel, ASCII
      Online_size: 390 megabytes
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19990606
        Beginning_Time: 0900
        Ending_Date: 20011201
        Ending_Time: 1500
    Currentness_Reference: Ground conditions
  Status:
    Progress: In work
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annual
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.7273
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.0171
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.2109
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.5118
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal studies
      Theme_Keyword: Coral reef monitoring and assessment
      Theme_Keyword: Coral
      Theme_Keyword: Coral reef
      Theme_Keyword: Coral species
      Theme_Keyword: substrate type
      Theme_Keyword: taxa name and code
      Theme_Keyword: corals and algae percent cover
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - oceanographic
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - benthic
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - biology
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
      Place_Keyword: Kauai
      Place_Keyword: Oahu
      Place_Keyword: Molokai
      Place_Keyword: Maui
      Place_Keyword: Kahoolawe
      Place_Keyword: Hawaii
      Place_Keyword: Kaapuna
      Place_Keyword: Laaloa
      Place_Keyword: Laupahoehoe
      Place_Keyword: Leleiwi
      Place_Keyword: Kawaihae
      Place_Keyword: Nenue Pt.
      Place_Keyword: Hanalei
      Place_Keyword: Hoai
      Place_Keyword: Limahuli
      Place_Keyword: Milolii
      Place_Keyword: Nualolo Kai
      Place_Keyword: Hakioawa
      Place_Keyword: Honolua North
      Place_Keyword: Honolua South
      Place_Keyword: Kanehena Bay
      Place_Keyword: Kanehena Pt.
      Place_Keyword: Kahekili
      Place_Keyword: Maalaea
      Place_Keyword: Molokini
      Place_Keyword: Olowalu
      Place_Keyword: Papaula Pt.
      Place_Keyword: Puamana
      Place_Keyword: Kamilioloa
      Place_Keyword: Kamalo
      Place_Keyword: Palaau
      Place_Keyword: Hanauma Bay
      Place_Keyword: Heeia
      Place_Keyword: Kahe
      Place_Keyword: Pili O
      Place_Keyword: Kaalaea
      Place_Keyword: Moku o Loe
      Place_Keyword: Pupukea
    Stratum:
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Stratum_Keyword: Benthic
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Dr. Paul Jokiel
        Contact_Organization:
          Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
          University of Hawaii
      Contact_Position: Principal Investigator
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: P.O. Box 1346
        City: Kaneohe
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96744
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-236-7440
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jokiel@hawaii.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service
    United States Geological Survey
    State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of
    Aquatic Resources
    Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission
    United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Program
    Limahuli National Botanical Garden
    Save Our Seas
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: ASCII CSV file (dump from MS Access database).
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: See methodology
  Completeness_Report: none
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        CRAMP Protocol
        One of the major objectives of the CRAMP program during the first year was to
        establish a sampling protocol that could detect change in coral cover over
        time with sufficient statistical power (P>0.8). The first step involved the
        evaluation of historical methods to determine if any of these procedures
        could be incorporated into the CRAMP protocol. After careful analysis it was
        determined that only the fixed photoquadrats utilized by Dr. Steve Coles at
        Bishop Museum had sufficient power. The method, which samples a relatively
        small area, is suitable to address small-scale questions on coral growth,
        recruitment and mortality, but inference on general reef condition is
        difficult across broader sections of reef.

        The second step involved soliciting input from colleagues conducting coral
        reef monitoring programs in the Florida Keys and the Great Barrier Reef.
        Their general recommendation was to use digital video to sample coral cover
        over large areas of the reef. Before we could implement their designs,
        however, we had to evaluate the appropriateness of these techniques for
        Hawai`i. The following parameters in the sampling design were determined in
        the third step:

        1.Repeatability and appropriate length of the transects using different
        methods
        2.Observer variation within different methods
        3.Number of points per frame to analyze
        4.Number of frames per transect to analyze
        5.Number of transects per depth to sample
        6.Random versus fixed transects
        7.Time and monetary considerations to optimize sampling design

        The results of this evaluation were presented at the National Coral Reef
        Institute Conference in Florida and are summarized by the CRAMP research team
        (Brown, et al. 1999). Repeatability and appropriate transect length were
        tested using photoquadrats on a transect line sampled over a short time
        interval. Shorter transects of 10m were found to have higher precision
        (Ability to replicate quadrats on a transect) than transects of 25m and 50m.
        Photoquadrats produced similar results to visual estimation techniques,
        regardless of observer, but neither method yielded satisfactory precision.

        Digital video was evaluated at Hanauma Bay, Oahu over 2 time intervals
        separated by 84 days. It was assumed that overall coral cover would not
        change dramatically during this time period. Power curves were constructed
        using methods described by Zar (1999) for detecting a 10% change in coral
        cover across 2 time periods (Figure 1). Number of frames was more important
        in increasing power than number of points though the difference was not
        substantial. This is primarily due to the fact that more frames sample a
        larger portion of the habitat, which incorporates more of the heterogeneity
        of the substrate. A sample size of 10 transects per site appeared to be
        adequate for characterizing the coral cover using a power value of 0.8 set as
        a convention by Cohen (1988).

        Fixed transects were chosen over random for several reasons. First, it is
        difficult to properly implement a randomized protocol for transect placement
        without a map of benthic habitats that is geo-referenced. At present this
        does not exist for the state of Hawai`i. Second, the majority of the
        historical data uses fixed transect locations so integrating the current
        protocol with previous work will be simpler. Third, after the initial random
        setup the fixed transects should be easier to resample, thus reducing
        preparation time and ultimately costs to generate the random grid for
        subsequent transect measurements (Green and Smith, 1997). Fourth, randomized
        sampling of transects will have difficulty in detecting change in coral cover
        if reefs change dramatically over time. This is because the random protocol
        measures inherent spatial variation at each sampling period, which adds
        variance associated with spatial heterogeneity of the reef rather than
        changes or patterns that are time-related (Green and Smith, 1997). Fifth,
        using a repeated measures ANOVA design with fixed transects can provide
        additional information on population and community structure that is
        difficult to obtain with random transects (Hughes, 1996; Connell et al.
        1997). Sixth, the time and cost complications with random transects are not
        worth the broader inference about reef "condition" especially if the fixed
        transects are representative of habitat variation (Andy Taylor, personal
        communication). Finally, interpreting results from fixed transects is much
        easier for the general public and resource managers to comprehend than using
        a randomized sampling design.

        Time and monetary constraints were examined to determine the optimum sampling
        protocol. The analysis revealed that digital video collected more data per
        unit time than visual estimation, planar point intercept and photoquadrats.
        It was the most expensive option considered at $5,500 for the system but
        since field time underwater is the principal limiting factor then the
        quantity of field data collected outweighs the expense. In addition, digital
        video and photoquadrats also enable archiving of the data for later
        re-analysis to address additional questions.

        Based on the results from the evaluation procedure we have selected 2 methods
        to address changes in overall coral cover and growth, recruitment and
        mortality of benthic organisms. Digital video will be used to measure changes
        in coral cover by initially selecting at random, ten permanent (fixed)
        transects at 2 depths (3m and 10m). Each transect will be 10m in length and
        analyzed using 20 randomly selected video frames with 50 randomly selected
        points per frame. Frequency of sampling will be once a year at each site.
        This should be sufficient to detect a 10% change in coral cover over time
        with high statistical power across of variety of habitats in Hawai`i.

        The second method will employ fixed photoquadrats to examine trends of
        individual organisms with regards to growth, recruitment and mortality. Five
        haphazardly selected photoquadrats at each depth contour will be established
        with 4 pins at each corner to ensure accurate repositioning of the frame. The
        frame dimension will sample 0.33 m2 of the substrate at a height of 0.5m from
        the bottom. Images of sessile organisms will be traced and digitized for 2D
        estimates of aerial coverage. Sampling will be scheduled once a year at each
        site in concordance with the digital video surveys.

        Site Survey Protocol

        Two types of protocol are utilized by CRAMP: Monitoring Protocol and
        Assessment Protocol.  This submission to NOAA only includes data taken
        using the Monitoring Protocol.  The Assessment Protocol is simply an
        abbreviated version of the Monitoring Protocol.  The Assessment Protocol
        is a rapid method that is most useful for describing spatial relationships.
        The Assessment Protocol lacks the statistical power of the Monitoring
        Protocol to detect change in the benthos.  The Assessment Protocol is a more
        cost-effective method for answering certain questions on the status of coral
        reefs.

        Monitoring Protocol - General Description

        Installing the fixed monitoring sites is a process that was generally
        completed by a team of six divers during a single dive.  All primary sites
        have been installed.  The initial monitoring of a given site was generally
        initiated at some time after installation.  More detail on installation is
        discussed under the section on Benthic Monitoring.  Upon reaching an
        established monitoring site site a number of tasks must be performed.  CRAMP
        generally surveys one site (3 m and 10 m transect locations at each site)
        per day with a team of 6 divers. The deeper site is surveyed in the morning,
        the shallow site in the afternoon after a proper surface interval. The
        beginning of the transect is located by visual lineups and/or GPS by skin
        divers and marked with a dive flag to alert boaters of our presence and
        enable quick location by the divers. Subsequent SCUBA teams entering the
        water take materials needed for the survey (spooled transect tapes, rugosity
        chain, video camera, photo-quadrat apparatus, extra marker pins, etc) and
        deposit the material near the start of the transect for use by the teams
        during the dive.

        The first SCUBA team to enter the water consists of two divers: the person
        doing the fish survey and a back-up diver who stays within visual range and
        photographs the fixed photo-quadrats as the fish survey proceeds. Estimates
        of fish species richness, abundance, and biomass are taken before the
        benthic transect lines are laid out so as to sample a relatively undisturbed
        habitat. The standard CRAMP fish transect is taken along a depth contour
        within the CRAMP grid of benthic transects, and consists of four, 5x25m
        transects that are separated by 5m. The scientist doing the fish survey
        counts fish while deploying a 25 m line behind him/her. As the survey
        proceeds, two more SCUBA divers enter the water. One of the pair starts
        video taping the replicate benthic transects while the second deploys the
        transect tapes and records species information on the corals/algae located
        along each transect for later reference. The third team of two divers
        follows the video transect team and measures rugosity under the replicate
        transects. Upon completion of the fish transect, the first dive team
        completes the photo-quadrats.  As other teams complete their work they
        return to the start of the transect and begin taking up the transect tapes.

        During the survey, various divers complete additional functions. These
        include taking sediment samples, stabilizing or replacing lose transect
        pins, routine photography of organisms, description of habitats, making
        algae collections or various activities.

        The same procedure is carried out at the shallow site during the afternoon.
        In addition, at various times of the day (depending on time availability)
        two members of the group will skin dive with a dive flag and water proof GPS
        unit while describing and recording habitat distribution throughout the
        study site for later mapping efforts.

        Benthic Monitoring

        The basic unit for long term CRAMP monitoring is a 100 m x 3 m transect
        corridor that follows a depth contour.  The transect is divided into a grid
        of 1 m intervals along its length by 0.5 m intervals along its width.
        Stainless steel pins are driven along the length of the central line or
        "spine" (shown in yellow on diagram below) to serve as the reference point
        for installation of the 10 transects and five photoquadrats.  The spine pins
        are marked by slipping a short length of plastic tubing over the pin to
        identify the pin as a "spine" pin.  In addition, the first spine pin (0 m)
        is marked with a single cable tie, the fifth pin (50 m) is marked with two
        cable ties and the tenth pin (100 m) is marked with three cable ties.

        Video Transect Method:

        1. Field Recording

        Data are taken using a Sony DCR-TRV900 Mini DV camcorder enclosed in an
        Amphibico VHDB0900 Dive Buddy Housing. During early 2000 we added a Quest
        Aqua-Lite dual head U/W video light system.

        The videographer follows the following procedure:
        While on the surface, the diver videotapes the landmark "line-ups" used
        to locate the site. These serve to identify the tape if there is any
        question of proper labeling. Also, the images can be frame-grabbed and
        subsequently printed and laminated for use when relocating the site. In many
        cases the use of landmarks is faster and more convenient than using the GPS
        position to relocate the transect site. The diver then goes to the bottom
        and videotapes a full 360 degree panorama of the site as part of the
        permanent video record. The diver proceeds to the start of the first 10 m
        transect and records the transect number on the video through use of hand
        signals in front of the camera (number of fingers representing transect
        no.). The videographer then moves slowly (4 min per transect) along the 10 m
        transect while videotaping the bottom at a distance of 0.5 m. Initially a
        rod attached to the camera was used to insure proper distance from the
        bottom. This has been replaced with two small underwater lasers that cross
        at 0.5 m, allowing the videographer to hold the distance constant by keeping
        an overlap on the two red laser dots. Each of the 10 transects along the 100
        m spine line is recorded in this manner. One digital videotape (1 hour tape)
        is used to capture 10 transects.

        2. Laboratory Data Analysis

        Each transect is 10 m in length. Twenty randomly selected, non-overlapping
        video frames are selected and processed using PointCount99 software to
        develop estimates for coral and substrate types. The statistical data
        analysis includes a repeated measures ANOVA design with nesting of transects
        in depth where frames per transect are treated as sub-samples along a
        transect.

        The video tape is played back on a computer using PhotoShop with the
        plug-in Photo DV to grab frames. Each transect video consists of
        approximately 7500-9000 frames. Sequential overlapping frames that form a
        complete 10 m transect are captured onto the hard disk in JPEG file format.
        The 10 transects consisting of ~50-60 images per transect are written to a
        CD-ROM. Twenty randomly non-overlapping frames per transect are selected and
        analyzed with PointCount99. PointCount99 generates 50 randomly located
        points on the screen. The observer records the proper category under each of
        the 50 points. PointCount99 writes a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file that
        is generic text and readily available for a variety of programs. This CSV
        file is imported into MS-Excel for proofreading. After proofreading the CSV
        file is imported into MS-Access for storage into the CRAMP database.

        PointCount99

        PointCount99 is a Win95/98 based PC program derived from  PointCount
        for Coral Reefs which was developed in support of the United States
        Environmental Protection Agency's Florida Keys Coral Reef Monitoring
        Project (US EPA CRMP).  The software utilizes the random point count
        method for accurately estimating percent coverage of corals, sponges, and
        associated substrate from digitally frame-grabbed underwater video images.
        Unlike its predecessor, PointCount for Coral Reefs, which operated in
        conjunction with Media Cybernetics Image-Pro Plus graphics software,
        PointCount99 is a stand-alone Visual Basic program built on Accusofts
        Image Gear platform.  Funding for the development of PointCount99 was
        provided by the Jeanette and Lafayette Montgomery Foundation.

        PointCount99 makes image identification an efficient process. It calls up an
        image file and overlays a unique set of points supplied by an internal random
        number generator. PointCount99 is also able to use a unique set of random
        points (cd.dat) created for, and stored along with, a set of images. The user
        identifies each point and enters the data via a mouse driven graphic user
        interface. Species and substrate identifications require only a single mouse
        click. Corrections and multiple selections are easy to make, and hot keys are
        available to expedite the process. PointCount?99 also makes identifications
        easier by allowing the user to zoom in and out on images and enhance image
        quality with buttons for brightness/contrast, sharpness, and color levels.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
        Brown, E, E Cox, B Tissot, K Rodgers, and W Smith (1999). Evaluation of
        benthic sampling methods considered for the Coral Reef Assessment and
        Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawaii. International Conference on
        Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration.
        April 14-16, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.

        Connell, J H, T P Hughes, C C Wallace (1997). A 30-year study of coral abundance,
        recruitment, and disturbance at several scales in space and time. Ecol. Mono.
        67(4): 461-488.

        Friedlander, Alan and Parrish, James  1998.  Habitat characteristics
        affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef. Journal of Experimental
        Marine Biology and Ecology 224: 1-30.

        Green, R H and S R Smith (1997). Sample program design and environmental impact
        assessment on coral reef. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium.
        2: 1459-1464.

        McCormick, Mark  1994.  Comparison of field methods for measuring surface
        topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage.
        Marine Ecology Progress Series 112: 87-96.
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Dr. Paul Jokiel
            Contact_Organization:
              Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
              Department Of Oceanograhpy
              School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
              University Of Hawaii
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: Mailing
            Address: P.O. Box 1346
            City: Kaneohe
            State_or_Province: HI
            Postal_Code: 96744
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-236-7440
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jokiel@hawaii.edu
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Data organized by the following subdirectories:

      all_in_one/ and sites/

      The all_in_one/ directory has the original file as received
      from Eric Brown.  The file contains all data for all stations.
      To make access easier, files were made for each site and each
      year, which can be found in the directory sites/.

      This dataset provides the results from PointCount99 for the video
      transects only.  It includes an ASCII text file dump from the MS
      Access database of the PointCount output and an MS Excel97 code table,
      CRAMP99codesum.xls, discussed further down.  Directories, files, and
      sizes are summarized:

      DIRECTORY        FILE                 SIZE (BYTE)
      data/all_in_one  ben99_00.txt           195929555
      data/sites       ccccc_yyyyy.txt           varies

      where ccccc is the site ID (see #SAMPLING STATIONS above,
      used the first 5 characters of column one), and yyyy is year.

      The CSV format has the following fields per record:

      Year
      Island - 2 letter for each island
      Ka: Kauai; Oa: Oahu; Ma: Maui; Ke: Kahoolawe
      Site - 3 letter code for each site within an island
      Depth - meters
      SurveyDate - month/day/year and time (usually 0:00:00, not available)
      Latitude - degrees.minutes.decimal minutes
      Longitude - degrees.minutes.decimal minutes
      the Status - conservation status (i.e. MLCD, NARS, KIR, blank
      (csv) means open access)
      Transect - transect #
      Frame - frame # on the transect
      AnalyInstitution - where the analysis was done
      AnalyDate - Date of PointCount analysis
      FrameIder - person who did the PointCount analysis
      TotalPoint - number of points IDed on each frame
      Type - substrate type
      TaxonName - substrate identification for each point
      TaxonID - PointCount # ID which is a subset of the Bishop Museum codes
      (see code explanation below)
      Point - Point number on the frame
      X - X coordinate on the image for each point
      Y - Y coordinate on the image for each point
      Intensity - value for the point
      Red - RGB value on the image
      Green - RGB value on the image
      Blue - RGB value on the image

      Taxa codes in PointCount output are provided in MS Excel97 file:
      CRAMP99codesum.xls

      The codes sheet was dumped into a CSV format in text file:
      taxacodes.csv
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
        City: Stennis Space Center
        State_or_Province: MS
        Postal_Code: 39529
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20030331
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
      Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
        Address: Dept. of Oceanography
        Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu
      Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
      Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
