Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Dr. Roger Lukas
      Publication_Date: Unknown
      Title:
        Hydrographic Data from the Joint Air-Sea Monsoon
        Interaction Experiment in the Indian Ocean During 1999
        on the R/V Ron Brown Cruise RB-99-03
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: None
        Issue_Identification: None
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Unpublished material
        Publisher: Unpublished material
  Description:
    Abstract:
      JASMINE is the first comprehensive study of the coupled ocean-atmosphere
      system in the easter Indian Ocean and the southern Bay of Bengal.
      Observations made during the field phase of JASMINE sampled both
      prolonged break and active phases of the monsoon resulting in an
      unprecedented amount of research quality data defining the atmospheric
      and oceanic state during intraseasonal transitions of the monsoon.
      The design of the JASMINE pilot study was based on the observation
      that the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon, as it sways back and
      forth from active to inactive (or break) phases, is an important
      component of the monsoon system and one that is poorly sampled
      and simulated.

      A total of 320 CTD casts were obtained at 317 stations occupied during
      Leg 2 of the JASMINE cruise (April 30 - June 8, 1999). The calibrated
      data include adjustments to salinity required to meet an accuracy of
      0.005 RMS. Timing and position corrections for each cast were also made.

      Here we provide the final version of the CTD dataset after a thorough
      calibration sensor analysis and data quality control. Temperature and
      salinity adjustments to obtain this dataset from the second version
      were less than 0.002 degrees C and 0.005. Also included are the bottle
      salinity data, and near surface temperature and salinity data measured
      with a thermosalinograph.
    Purpose: To better understand the intraseasonal variability of the Indian monsoon.
    Supplemental_Information:
      NOAASupplemental:
      Entry_ID: Unknown
      Sensor_Name: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD
      Sensor_Name: Niskin bottles
      Source_Name: R/V Ron Brown, Cruise RB-99-03
      Project_Campaign: Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment
      Originating_Center: University of Hawaii
      Storage_Medium: ASCII
      Reference: None
      Online_size: 12.627 Mbyte
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19990410
        Beginning_Time: 0000
        Ending_Date: 19990530
        Ending_Time: 2359
    Currentness_Reference: Ground conditions
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: funding dependent
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 77.96
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: 129.74
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.57
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -12.73
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: CTD
      Theme_Keyword: Niskin bottles
      Theme_Keyword: hyrdrography
      Theme_Keyword: temperature
      Theme_Keyword: salinity
      Theme_Keyword: pressure
      Theme_Keyword: oxygen
      Theme_Keyword: potential temperature
      Theme_Keyword: silicate
      Theme_Keyword: Nitrate + Nitrite
      Theme_Keyword: soluble reactive phosphorous
      Theme_Keyword: Reversible thermometer pressure
      Theme_Keyword: Reversible thermometer temperature
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Indian Ocean
      Place_Keyword: Bay of Bengal
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
        Contact_Organization:
          Department of Oceanography
          School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
          University of Hawaii
      Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
        Address: 1000 Pope Rd
        Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Dr. Roger Lukas, University of Hawaii
    funding:
    National Science Foundation: ATM-9820531
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
    Office of Global Programs: NA67RJ0154.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: ASCII text files, FORTRAN/C compatible
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: see methodology
  Completeness_Report: quality control completed
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        JASMINE-1 Leg 2 CTD Data Acquisition and Processing
        ===================================================

        November 6, 2000
        Fernando Santiago-Mandujano and Roger Lukas
        Dept. of Oceanography
        University of Hawaii


        Data Acquisition
        ================

        The regular CTD operation consisted in deploying the package to
        10-15 dbar and waiting until the CTD pumps started operating. The
        CTD was then raised until the sensors were close to the surface
        to begin the CTD cast. (The time of each cast was corrected for
        drift in the acquisition computer clock. This correction was not
        larger than 27 seconds.) The position of each cast was obtained
        by matching the beginning time of the cast with the time in a
        navigation file obtained at 10-sec intervals.

        The CTD data were acquired at a rate of 24 samples per second
        with a Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD package with dual temperature and
        conductivity sensors. The CTD was installed in a vertical
        position in the lower part of a 12-place Rosette, with the
        sensor's water intake located at the bottom of the Rosette. Each
        T-C sensor set had independent pump and plumbing installations.
        Between two and six 5-liter Niskin bottles were closed on each
        cast in order to provide salinity samples for calibration purposes.


        Preliminary Processing
        ======================

        After the cruise, the CTD pressure transducer was calibrated
        against a laboratory pressure standard. This pressure standard
        has been periodically recalibrated against a primary pressure
        standard at a specialized facility. The CTD pressure transducer
        showed a 1 dbar offset at 0 dbar, a 0-4500 dbar span offset of
        less than 0.5 dbar, and hysteresis of 0.05 dbar. Comparison
        against previous calibrations obtained at 6-month intervals
        indicate that the sensor has remained stable. Therefore the only
        correction applied to the CTD pressures was a constant offset
        determined at the time that the CTD first enters the water during
        each cast.

        The temperature sensors used during the cruise were calibrated at
        Sea-Bird before and after the cruise to an accuracy better than
        0.5 mC. These and previous calibrations were analyzed to
        calculate the drift of each sensor. Offset corrections to the
        cruise data due to sensor drift were insignificant (about 0.1
        mC), and thus were not applied.

        The 24 Hz raw CTD data were quality-controlled and screened for
        data spikes. After screening, the correct alignment of
        temperature and conductivity time-series was computed since the
        lag between temperature end conductivity depends on the placement
        of the sensors. Both T-C pairs were also aligned with each other
        by aligning the two temperature sensors. Conductivity was
        corrected for thermal inertia of the glass conductivity cell
        using the recursive filter given by Lueck (1990) and Lueck and
        Picklo (1990). The data were then averaged to half-second values.

        Salinity samples were collected at selected depths from each cast
        and measured during the cruise. Samples from a large batch of
        "secondary standard" seawater were frequently measured to detect
        drift in the salinometer, and the secondary standard was
        calibrated against IAPSO standard seawater. The salinity samples
        were used to calibrate the CTD conductivities. After calibration
        the standard deviation of the difference between the CTD and
        sample salinities was less than 0.005.

        The 2 Hz CTD data were further screened to eliminate salinity
        spikes which occur when the CTD samples the disturbed water of
        its wake. Samples from the downcast were rejected when the CTD
        was moving upward (due to ship roll) or when its acceleration
        exceeded 0.5 m/s^2 in magnitude.  The data were additionally
        screened by comparing the primary and secondary sensors. These
        differences permitted identification of problems in the sensors.
        Only the data from one pair of sensors, whichever was deemed most
        reliable, are included in the files. The data were then averaged
        to 2-dbar intervals. Only data from the downcast are reported, as
        upcast data are contaminated by wake effects.


        Final Processing
        ================

        Details of the final CTD data processing are reported in: "Hydrographic
        observations during the Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment
        (JASMINE) cruises", distributed to JASMINE investigators and also
        available in PDF along with the data. This report also includes
        sampling and processing procedures for salinity water samples,
        thermosalinograph and ADCP data taken during the main JASMINE cruise.
        Sampling and processing procedures for the pre-JASMINE CTD and ADCP
        data are also included in the report.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
        Lukas, R., and P. Hacker, S.DeCarlo, J.Hummon, F.Santiago-Mandujano,
        D.Wright, 2000. Hydrographic Observations during the Joint
        Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment (JASMINE) Pilot Study
        Data Report. School of Ocean Earth Science and Technology,
        University of Hawaii.  SOEST 5319. 251 pp.

        Lueck, R. G., 1990: Thermal inertia of conductivity cells:
        Theory. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 7, 741-755.

        Lueck, R. G. and Picklo, J. J., 1990: Thermal inertia of conductivity
        cells: Observations with a Sea-Bird cell. Journal of Atmospheric and
        Oceanic Technology, 7, 756-768.
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
            Contact_Organization:
              Department of Oceanography
              School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
              University of Hawaii
          Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
            Address: 1000 Pope Rd
            Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
            City: Honolulu
            State_or_Province: Hawaii
            Postal_Code: 96822
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      JASMINE CTD Data File format
      The data files included in subdirectories "ctd/jas0" and "ctd/jas1" are
      2-dbar averages of temperature and salinity corresponding to the Leg 1
      (pre-JASMINE) and Leg 2 (main JASMINE) cruises, respectively.

      Each station/cast is stored in a separate file. File names start with
      "j0*a", indicating the cruise name (j0*, where * is 0 for pre-JASMINE,
      and 1 is for main JASMINE), and file version (a), and are followed by
      three digits indicating the station number, and one more digit for the
      cast number. The files have the extension ".ctd".  For example, file
      j01a0082.ctd corresponds to the main JASMINE cruise, station 8, cast 2.

      The first six records of a CTD file contain cast identification:

      Record 1:
      Column  Format	Item
      5-11     a7    Cruise name (JASMINE)
      13-15     i3    Cruise number
      21     i1    Leg number
      31-33     i3	Station number
      40-41     i2	Cast number
      FORTRAN FORMAT  (4x,a7,1x,i3,5x,i1,9x,i3,6x,i2)
      C FORMAT  "%*c%10s%*c%3d %*s %1d %*s %3d %*s %2d"

      Record 2:
      9-10     i2	Month
      11-12     i2	Day
      13-14     i2	Year (last two digits)
      16-17     i2	Hour
      18-19     i2	Minute
      34-37     i4	Number of records
      FORTRAN FORMAT  (8x,3i2,1x,i2,1x,i2,14x,i4)
      C FORMAT  "%*c %*s %2d%2d%2d %2d%*c%2d %*s %*s %d"

      Record 3:
      10-11     i2    Latitude (degrees)
      13-17    f5.2   Latitude (minutes)
      19     a1    Latitude hemisphere (N: north, S: south)
      29-31     i3    Longitude (degrees)
      33-37    f5.2   Longitude (minutes)
      39     a1    Longitude hemisphere (E: east, W: west)
      FORTRAN FORMAT  (9x,i2,1x,f5.2,1x,a1,9x,i3,1x,f5.2,1x,a1)
      C FORMAT  "%*c %*s %d %f %c %*s %d %f %c"

      Record 4:
      Headers for data columns (variable labels).

      Record 5:
      Unit header for data columns.

      Record 6:
      Quality byte designators.  All columns requiring a quality
      byte are underscored by seven asterisks.

      The remaining records contain CTD data. The order of variables in a
      record are as follows: pressure, temperature, salinity, number of
      observations and quality.  Missing values are flagged with -99.0.

      Data Record Format:

      Column	Format	Item
      1-8	f8.1 	Pressure (Decibars)
      9-16	f8.4 	Temperature (Degrees Celsius,
      International Temperature Scale of 1990)
      17-25	f9.4	Salinity (1978 International Practical Salinity Scale)
      26-33	 i8     Number of observations averaged at this pressure level
      34-38	 i5     Quality (defined by investigator) **
      FORTRAN FORMAT  (f8.1, f8.4, f9.4, i8, i5)
      C FORMAT  "%f %f %f %d %d"


      **  The quality word is the left-to-right concatenation of required
      quality bytes for the variables measured.  They are defined as
      follows:

      byte value  Definition
      1       Not calibrated with water samples.
      2       Acceptable measurement.
      3       Questionable measurement.
      4       Bad measurement.
      5       Not reported.
      6       Interpolated value.
      7       Not assigned for CTD data
      8       Not assigned for CTD data
      9       Not sampled

      Sample File: (First and last few records)

      %   JASMINE-001 LEG 2 STATION 001 CAST 01
      % DATE: 050399 05:12 NO. RECORDS=  526
      % LAT:    5 47.55 S   LON:  101 31.62 E
      % CTDPRS  CTDTMP   CTDSAL  NUMBER QUALT
      %   DBAR  ITS-90   PSS-78    OBS.
      %******* *******  *******
      0.0 28.8705  33.6568       0  666
      2.0 28.8705  33.6568     516  222
      4.0 28.8717  33.6568      84  222
      6.0 28.8729  33.6569     120  222
      8.0 28.8731  33.6570      96  222
      10.0 28.8743  33.6566      84  222

      1040.0  5.6006  34.7559      36  222
      1042.0  5.5942  34.7561      72  222

      JASMINE Water Data File format
      ==============================

      Water sample data from JASMINE cruises are written according to the
      *.sea files specified by the WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office. One
      file is written for each JASMINE cruise in subdirectory /water
      (jas0.sea contains the data from pre-JASMINE, and jas1.sea contains
      data from the main JASMINE cruise).

      Formats for these files are detailed in the WHP Office Report WHPO
      90-1, available from Steve Diggs, WHPO Data Manager, Scripps
      Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA
      92093-0214.

      The files are self-explanatory, one column is written for each measured
      parameter. Missing data are filled with -9. A 5-record heading labels
      each column (STNNBR: Station Number, CASTNO: Cast number, SAMPNO:
      Sample number, BTLNBR: Bottle number, CTDRAW: Marked raw pressure at
      the sampling time, CTDPRS: Pressure averaged around sampling time,
      CTDTMP: CTD temperature averaged around sampling time, CTDSAL:  CTD
      salinity averaged around sampling time, CTDOXY: CTD oxygen averaged
      around sampling time, THETA: CTD potential temperature, SALNTY: Bottle
      salinity, OXYGEN: Bottle oxygen, SILICAT: Bottle silicate, NO2+NO3:
      Bottle Nitrate + Nitrite, PHOSPT: Bottle soluble reactive phosphorous,
      REVSPRS:  Reversible thermometer pressure, REVTMP: Reversible
      thermometer temperature, QUALT1: Quality flag.

      Temperatures are reported in Degrees Celsius, International Temperature
      Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Salinity is reported using the 1978 International
      Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78).

      Variables having 7 asterisks on the 4th heading line have a quality
      flag associated with them.  These 1-digit quality flags are
      concatenated to form quality word which is listed as the last variable
      in each row.  The values each digit can assume and their meanings are
      listed below:


      Bottle quality flag definitions:

      Byte Value  Definition
      1       Not assigned.
      2       No problems noted.
      3       Leaking.
      4       Did not trip correctly.
      5-8      Not assigned.
      9       Samples not drawn from this bottle.


      Water sample quality flag definitions:

      Byte Value  Definition
      1       Sample for this measurement was drawn from water bottle
      but analysis not received.
      2       Acceptable measurement.
      3       Questionable measurement.
      4       Bad measurement.
      5       Not reported.
      6       Mean of replicate measurements.
      7       Manual chromatographic peak integration.
      8       Irregular digital chromatographic peak integration.
      9       Sample not drawn for this measurement from this bottle.
Thermosalinograph: ../data/tsg/jastsl.dat

              JASMINE Thermosalinograph Data Format Document
              ==============================================

Thermosalinograph data from the main JASMINE cruise are distributed in
a format specified by this document. The data file jas1.tsg is written
in subdirectory /tsg.


The thermosalinograph data for the cruise are stored together with the
navigation data in an ASCII file. This data file does not contain any
header information. The variables in a thermosalinograph record are the
following:  time (GMT: year, decimal year day), longitude, latitude,
temperature, salinity and quality flag.  Note, negative longitude or
latitude corresponds to West longitude or South latitude.


   Data Record Format:

Column		     Variable
-------              -------
  1                  Year
  2                  Decimal Year Day (January 1 = Year Day 0)
  3                  Longitude (decimal degrees)
  4                  Latitude (decimal degrees)
  5                  Temperature (Degrees Celsius,
                     International Temperature Scale of 1990)
  6                  Salinity (1978 International Practical Salinity Scale)
  7                  Quality flag (defined by investigator) **

FORTRAN FORMAT  (i4, f10.5, f12.6, f11.6, f7.3, f7.3, i3)
      C FORMAT  "%d %f %f %f %f %f %d"

**  The quality word is the left-to-right concatenation of required
quality bytes for temperature and salinity; the first byte represents
temperature, the second represents salinity.

The byte values are defined as follows:

 byte value        Definition
       2           Acceptable measurement.
       3           Questionable measurement.
       4           Bad measurement.
 
Sample File: (First few records)

1999 122.97504  97.851463  -5.403886 29.003 34.593 22
1999 122.97539  97.849709  -5.403713 29.005 34.590 22
1999 122.97573  97.847967  -5.403521 29.006 34.588 22
1999 122.97608  97.846252  -5.403338 29.006 34.586 22
1999 122.97643  97.844502  -5.403152 29.003 34.585 22
1999 122.97678  97.842757  -5.402950 29.003 34.583 22
      For more information, see /data/jasmine_report.pdf.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
        City: Stennis Space Center
        State_or_Province: MS
        Postal_Code: 39529
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20030516
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
      Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
        Address: Dept. of Oceanography
        Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@soest.hawaii.edu
      Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
      Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
