Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Ralph DeFelice
        Hawaii Biological Survey
        Bishop Museum
      Originator: Dr. David Minton
      Originator: Dr. Scott Godwin
      Originator: Dr. Lu Eldredge
      Publication_Date: 200208
      Title:
        Records of shallow-water marine invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals,
        Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with a note on nonindigenous species
        from NOWRAMP 2000 surveys at 39 sites and a March 2002 survey at a
        single site
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: None
        Issue_Identification: None
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii
        Publisher: Bishop Museum
  Description:
    Abstract:
      In September of 2000, the Northwest Hawaiian Islands Rapid Assessment and
      Monitoring Program (NOW-RAMP) Expedition surveyed French Frigate Shoals
      (FFS) and a number of the remaining Northwest Hawaiian Islands (NWHI).
      At FFS, marine surveys were conducted at 39 stations by three different
      Rapid Ecological Assessment teams from two separate research vessels, the
      Townsend Cromwell (11 -25 Sep 2000) and the Rapture (23- 27 Sep 2000).
      An additional study of the seawall at Tern Island was conducted in March
      2002. A total of 618 marine invertebrate taxa were collected and identified,
      about 75% to specific level. Of the 622 taxa identified, 502 are
      considered new records for FFS and perhaps 10 to 20% of these may
      be new records for the Hawaiian Archipelago. Of these new records, as
      many as 50 species may be undescribed and so far known only from FFS.
      Most of material collected by NOW-RAMP from the NWHI remains to be
      examined, and therefore no conclusions can be drawn yet regarding the
      distribution of these species throughout the island chain. Two species
      considered to be nonindigenous, the hydroid Pennariadisticha, and the
      barnacle Ba/anus reticulatus, were found at FFS. A number of specimens
      of some taxonomic groups collected from FFS remain to be examined
      thoroughly by specialists, most notably the polychaetes, which will
      certainly increase the final species tally. Further study will also be
      required of the 150 taxa which could not be identified to species level
      at the time of this report.
    Purpose:
      In September of 2000, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Assessment
      and Monitoring Program (NOW-RAMP) Expedition resurveyed the Northwestern
      Hawaiian Islands. The purpose of this multi-agency project was to obtain
      more detailed information about the marine fauna of these remote islands
      and represents the first intensive marine invertebrate survey in this
      region since the Tanager in 1923. This report reviews the findings of
      the NOW-RAMP survey of French Frigate Shoals.
    Supplemental_Information:
      NOAASupplemental:
      Entry_ID: Unknown
      Sensor_Name: SCUBA, visual census
      Source_Name: R/V Townsend Cromwell
      Source_Name: R/V Rapture
      Project_Campaign: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Assessment and Monitoring Program (NOW-RAMP)
      Originating_Center: Bishop Museum
      Storage_Medium: MS EXCEL, ASCII, JPG
      Online_size: 291 kilabytes
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20000911
        Beginning_Time: 0800
        Ending_Date: 20020320
        Ending_Time: 1700
    Currentness_Reference: Ground conditions
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: funding dependent
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.3254
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.0545
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.88167
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.6422
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: coastal
      Theme_Keyword: coral reef ecosystem
      Theme_Keyword: marine species
      Theme_Keyword: nonindigenous species
      Theme_Keyword: shallow-water marine invertebrates
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: North Pacific
      Place_Keyword: Northwest Hawaiian Islands
      Place_Keyword: French Frigate Shoals
    Stratum:
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Stratum_Keyword: benthic
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Lu Eldredge
        Contact_Organization: Bishop Museum
      Contact_Position: Marine biologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical and mailing
        Address: 1525 Bernice St.
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96817
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)848-4139
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: psa@bishopmuseum.org
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Funding for the analysis of French Frigate Shoals specimens and the
    preparation of this report was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
    Funding for the Northwestern Hawaiian Island Rapid Assessment Monitoring
    Program (NOW-RAMP) survey was provided by the National Science Foundation
    (NSF) and the Hawai'i Coral Reef Initiative (HCRI). The NOW-RAMP survey was
    conduced in conjunction with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration, the Hawaii Department of Aquatic Resources, the U.S. Fish
    and Wildlife Service, the Bishop Museum, the Universityof Hawaii, and the
    University of California at Santa Cruz.  Many of the taxonomic
    determinations provided in the report would not have been possible
    without the generous assistance of the following researchers: Sammy
    DeGrave (shrimp), David Gulko (coral), Gordon Hendler (ophiuroids), Brian
    Kensley (isopods), Jim Maragos (corals), Patsy McLaughlin (hermit crabs),
    Peter Ng (crabs), and Chela Zabin (bryozoans). Steve Coles collected
    the specimens from the Tern Island seawall station, and Pakki Reath
    assisted in sorting many of the samples. Jim Maragos provided the
    discussion of the FFS corals, and Lu Eldredge reviewed the manuscript. Lab
    space and supplies were provided by the Bishop Museum and the Los Angeles
    County Museum of Natural History.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Excel
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: see Methodology
  Completeness_Report: the survey was 100% completed
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Marine surveys were conducted at 39 stations by three different Rapid
        Ecological Assessment (REA) teams, usually having 4 -8 members, on two
        separate research vessels, the Townsend Cromwel/ (11 -25 Sep 2000) and
        the Rapture (23- 27 Sep 2000). Each REA team conducted surveys at different
        stations, and one member of each team was responsible for all invertebrate
        animals other than corals. Surveys were conducted using SCUBA and usually
        involved a combination of observations and collecting of large
        macroinvertebrates and small collections by hand of chunks of reef substrate,
        rubble, sand and algae in an attempt to collect microinvertebrates.  Some
        large common invertebrates observed were recorded as present on underwater
        paper datasheets carried by researchers and were not collected. Specimens
        and rubble/sand collections were labeled and transferred to either 10%
        formalin or 70% EtOH upon returning to the research vessels. In the lab,
        animals were removed from coral rubble, if necessary, and then identified to
        lowest feasible taxonomic level.  All collections and observations were made
        betwwen 0 and 20 m.  All reported species are based on observation or
        collections of living individuals except for molluscs.  Empty mollusc
        shells were identified and those species were considered present
        despite not being found alive.

        Due to logistical constraints (e.g., lack of space on support skiffs,
        inadequate lab facilities on the Rapture, and limited experienced
        personnel), both detailed observations and extensive collections
        for small invertebrates could not be made at all 39 stations.

        An additional survey of the seawall at Tern Island was conducted
        by Steve Coles, Bishop Museum, in March 2002.  The seawall, a likely
        a place for nonindigenous species, was not accessible to the NOW-RAMP
        REA teams during the initial study.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
        2002-018. DeFelice, R., D. Minton & S. Godwin. 2002. Records of
        shallow-water marine invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals,
        Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with a note on nonindigenous
        species. Bishop Mus. Tech. Rep. 23, 78 p.
      Process_Date: unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Ralph Defelice
            Contact_Organization: Bishop Museum
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: physical and mailing
            Address: 1525 Bernice St.
            City: Honolulu
            State_or_Province: Hawaii
            Postal_Code: 96817
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)848-4139
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: defelice@bishopmuseum.org
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      FILENAME:
      French_Frigate_Spp.xls
      CONTENTS:
      The species surveyed at the the given sites
      FORMAT:
      MS Excel

      FILENAME:
      French_Frigate_Spp_all_spp_by_habitat.csv
      French_Frigate_Spp_stations.csv
      CONTENTS:
      Redundant copy of each sheet in spreadsheet,
      the first containing species and the second
      station information
      FORMAT:
      ASCII CSV

      FILENAME:
      station_descriptions.txt
      station_map.jpg
      CONTENTS:
      Station information
      FORMAT:
      ASCII text and JPG figure format, respectively
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
        City: Stennis Space Center
        State_or_Province: MS
        Postal_Code: 39529
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20030703
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
      Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
        Address: Dept. of Oceanography
        Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@soest.hawaii.edu
      Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
      Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

