Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Ralph DeFelice
        Hawaii Biological Survey
        Bishop Museum
      Originator: Dr. Steve Coles
      Originator: Dr. David Muir
      Originator: Dr. Lu Eldredge
      Publication_Date: 199806
      Title:
        Investigation of the marine commmunities of Midway Harbor and
        adjacent lagoon, Midway Atoll, Northwest Hawaiian Islands in 1998
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: None
        Issue_Identification: None
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii
        Publisher: Bishop Museum
  Description:
    Abstract:
      A survey of the marine communities of Midway Atoll harbor and surrounding
      lagoon was conducted at 12 sites from September 5 to 9, 1998. The primary
      focus of these surveys was the invertebrates of the fouling communities
      present on artificial substrates. Occurrence of reef fishes at each site was
      also recorded, and algae was collected and identified from four stations.
      A total of 444 taxa were identified (47 algae, 316 invertebrates, and 81
      fishes) from all stations. Approximately 250 invertebrate and 35 algae
      species are considered new records for Midway Atoll. All fishes observed
      were previously record form the atoll.  Only three invertebrates identified
      in this survey are considered to be nonindigenous species in the Hawaiian
      Islands. One introduced bryozoan, Amathia distans, dominated the fouling
      communities atmost stations where artificial substrates were available.
      Another introduced bryozoan, Schizoporella errata, was also common at the
      same stations. A non indigenous barnacle, Chthamalus proteus, recently
      introduced from the Caribbean, was common on pier pilings inside Midway
      harbor. No introduced invertebrates were present in natural habitats. The
      introduced snapper, Lutjanus kasmira, was also present along the reef outside
      the lagoon.  The threat to the native reef community by established non-
      indigenous species is considered minimal.  The presence of these introduced
      species at Midway, especially Chthamalus proteus, suggests thatvectors of
      future, potentially more deleterious introductions exist. Transport of these
      introductions was most likely as fouling on ship bottoms, but other sources
      of introductions, such as ballast water carried in ships, should be guarded
      against to protect the relatively pristine reefs of Midway Atoll.
    Purpose:
      To define the characteristics of the marine biota and
      detect the occurrence of nonindigenous marine invertebrates.
    Supplemental_Information:
      NOAASupplemental:
      Entry_ID: Unknown
      Sensor_Name: SCUBA, visual census
      Project_Campaign: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
      Originating_Center: Bishop Museum
      Storage_Medium: MS EXCEL, ASCII, JPG
      Online_size: 169 kilabytes
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19980905
        Beginning_Time: 0800
        Ending_Date: 19980909
        Ending_Time: 1700
    Currentness_Reference: Ground conditions
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: funding dependent
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -177.3950
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -177.3233
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.2667
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.1967
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: coastal
      Theme_Keyword: coral reef ecosystem
      Theme_Keyword: marine species
      Theme_Keyword: nonindigenous species
      Theme_Keyword: shallow-water marine invertebrates
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: North Pacific
      Place_Keyword: Northwest Hawaiian Islands
      Place_Keyword: Midway Atoll
    Stratum:
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Stratum_Keyword: benthic
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Lu Eldredge
        Contact_Organization: Bishop Museum
      Contact_Position: Marine biologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical and mailing
        Address: 1525 Bernice St.
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96817
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)848-4139
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: psa@bishopmuseum.org
  Data_Set_Credit: Bishop Museum and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Excel
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: see Methodology
  Completeness_Report: the survey was 100% completed
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Sampling was conducted at 12 stations around and within the atoll.
        Benthic organisms were collected from a variety of substrata using
        standard collecting techniques while using snorkel or SCUBA. Sampling
        locations were chosen to assure that a wide range of environmental
        conditions were assessed. The primary focus was placed upon fouling
        organisms which adhere to hard artificial surfaces such as cement
        dock pilings, but other natural substrates were investigated as well.
        The infaunal and epibenthic fauna of the sediments at some stations
        were also sampled using a hand held coring device. Visual observations
        of large benthic invertebrates and fishes were also recorded at each
        station. Organisms collected were preserved in 70% EtOH and returned
        to the Bishop Museum laboratory where they were sorted and identified
        to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Some individuals will be sent
        to specialists for verification of the identifications reported here.
        Given the difficulty of identifying some organisms and the instability of
        taxonomy in general, several of the species names in this report will
        undoubtedly need revision.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
        1998-014. DeFelice, R.C., Coles, S.L., Muir, D. and L.G. Eldredge.
        Investigation of the Marine Communities of Midway Harbor and
        Adjacent Lagoon, Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
        Report prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific
        Islands Area Office, Honolulu.

        1993-013 Randall, J.E., Earle, J.L., Pyle, Richard.L., Parrish,
        J.D. & Hayes, T. 1993. Annotated checklist of the fishes of
        Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science
        47(4): 356-400.
      Process_Date: unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Ralph Defelice
            Contact_Organization: Bishop Museum
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: physical and mailing
            Address: 1525 Bernice St.
            City: Honolulu
            State_or_Province: Hawaii
            Postal_Code: 96817
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)848-4139
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: defelice@bishopmuseum.org
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Data received as MS Excel.  Redundant ASCII copies made
      and a few figures from the original report were scanned.

      Files in ../../data:

      Midway_Spp.xls             Original spreadsheet
      Midway_Spp.csv             ASCII copy
      Sand_Is_Map.jpg            map figure
      Midway_Map.gif             map figure
      station_descriptions.txt   location descriptions
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
        City: Stennis Space Center
        State_or_Province: MS
        Postal_Code: 39529
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20030707
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
      Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
        Address: Dept. of Oceanography
        Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@soest.hawaii.edu
      Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
      Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

