#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER:
#ACCESSION NUMBER:

#CONTRIBUTOR:
Dr. Eric E. Grossman
Dr. Jodi N. Harney 
Dr. Charles H. Fletcher

#CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
Coastal Geology Laboratory
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa

Contact information (2003) for primary contributor:
Eric E. Grossman, PhD
Research Geologist           
U.S. Geological Survey      
Coastal and Marine Geology  
1156 High Street            
Santa Cruz, CA 95064        
Phone (831) 427-4725
Fax (831) 427-4748
egrossman@usgs.gov

#ORIGINATOR:
same

#ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION:
same

#TITLE: 
Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii Benthic Mapping Data 1999-2001

#ABSTRACT: 
Benthic mapping surveys were conducted from March 1999 to January
2001 aperiodically in support of research related to sedimentology, 
sea level history, and reef development.  Various parameters such 
as substrate, coral, and coralline algae types and percent bottom 
coverages of each were quantified using the Linear Transect Method 
(LTM) or Line Intercept Technique along 30 m transects at typically 
-3 or -20 meters depth.  Various derived parameters such as abundance 
and diversity were also determined.

#PURPOSE:  
Support research in sedimentology, sea level history, and reef development.

#LOCATION EXTREMES:
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  21.4065 
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  21.44106 
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157.73706
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W 
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157.70778
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W  

#LOCATION KEYWORDS: 
North Pacific, Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Kailua Bay

#SAMPLING STATIONS: 
60 stations georeferenced in ../../data/kailua_reef_com_data.xls

#BEGIN AND END DATES:  
(YYYYMMDD)
19990325 - 20010101

#SAMPLING PERIODS:
detailed in ../../data/kailua_reef_com_data.xls

#PARAMETERS: 
Substrate type and percent bottom coverage
Coral type and percent bottom coverage
Growth form and percent botom coverage
Coral type as percentage of total coral community
Coral morphology based on percentage of total coral community morphology
Coralline algae percent coverage of bottom
Dead coral percent of bottom
Dead coral type as percent of total dead coral community
Colony counts by ecotypes
Colony counts by growth form
Counts of colonies, species, ecotypes
Abundance by ecotypes
Abundance by growth form
Diversity based on cover
Diversity based on abundance
Mean colony size (ecoytype, meters)
Mean colony size (growth form, meters)
Maximum colony size (ecotype)
Maximum colony size (ecotype)

#METHODOLOGY:
Substrate Mapping at 60 sites between the depths of -3 and -20m using a
variation of the Linear Transect Method (LTM) or Line Intercept Technique
(Stoddard and Johannes, 1978, Monetbon, 1992).  Identified and measured
the length of each substrate type that intersected a 30 m measuring
tape, generally following depth contours.  Sites were chosen to
characterize dominant and transition settings inferred from the hydrographic
and MSS surverys, and to randomly fill a 15" latitude-longitude grid over
the reef.  Measured each change in substrate with an accuracy of
0.2 m (0.6% substrate cover) and determined from replicate surveys that
precision was reproducible at 1-3% substrate cover.  Additional notes:
  Minimum mapping unit = 20 cm.  
  Location data based on WGS84.
  Depth error = +/- 1 meter.  
  Rugosity calculated by dividing lateral (basal) distance of chain draping 
     susbtrate by total length of chain.
  Substrate Type (% of bottom) is cover of individual substrate types divided 
     by length of transect (30 m).
  Coral Cover (% of bottom) is cover of individual coral types divided by 
     length of transect (30 m).
  Growth form (% of bottom) is cover of individual coral growth forms divided 
     by length of transect (30 m).
  Coral community (based on 100%) is cover of individual coral species 
     (ecotypes) divided by total cover of live coral.
  Coral morphology (based on 100%) is cover of individual coral colony 
     morphologies divided by total cover of live coral.
  Cor-algae cover (% of bottom) is cover of individual coralline algae types 
     divided by length of transect (30 m).
  Dead coral (% of bottom) is cover of dead coral types divided by length of 
     transect (30 m).
  Dead community (based on 100%) is cover of dead coral species divided by 
     total cover of dead coral.
  Colony Counts (by ecotypes) is number of individual coral colony types by 
     species (ecotypes) along transect.
  Colony Counts (by growth form) is number of individual coral colony types 
     (by morphology) along transect.
  Counts - Summary is total numbers of colonies by species and ecotypes.
  Abundance (by ecotypes) is number of individual coral colonies by species 
     (ecotype) divided by total number of coral colonies along transect.
  Abundance (by growth form) is number of individual coral colonies by 
     colony morphology divided by total number of coral colonies along transect.
  Diversity (based on cover) is Shannon-Weiner diversity index based on cover.
  Diversity (based on abundance) is Shannon-Weiner diversity index based on 
     abundance.
  Mean Colony Size (ecotype, m) is mean size of coral colony by species 
     (ecotype) along X (horizontal) axis."
  Mean Colony Size (growth form, m) is mean size of coral colony by colony 
     morphology along X (horizontal) axis.
  Maximum Colony Size (ecotype) is maximum colony size by species (ecotype) 
     along transect.
  -9999 is missing data or no data flag.

#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
SCUBA
chain

#REFERENCES: 
Grossman,E.E., 2001. Holocene Sea Level History and Reef
   Development in Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean.
   PhD. Dissertation, Department of Geology and Geophysics,
   University of Hawaii, pp. 256.

Harney,J.N., 2000. Carbonate Sedimentology of a Windward
   Shoreface: Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.  PhD.
   Dissertation, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 
   University of Hawaii, pp. 232.

Montebon,A.R.F., 1992. Use of the line intercept technique to
   deterine trends in benthic cover. Proc. 7th Int. Coral
   Reef Symp., Guam. 1:151-155.

Stoddart,D.R. and Johannes,R.E., 1978. Coral Reefs: Research Methods.
   Paris, UNESCO, Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology, pp. 581.

#SUBMITTING MEDIUM:
Excel spreadsheet as email attachment 

#FILE FORMATS: 
MS Excel spreadsheet, file=kailua_reef_com_data.xls.
A redundant ASCII CSV copy in file= kailua_reef_com_data.csv.
The spreadsheet file is self-described.

#DATASET SIZE:
211 kbytes

#NUMBER OF DATA UNITS:
60 stations

#MISCELLANEOUS:
