Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: S.L. Coles
      Originator: H. Bolick
      Originator: Hawaii Biological Survey
      Originator: Bishop Museum
      Originator: Honolulu, Hawaii
      Publication_Date: 2006
      Title: Assessment of Invasiveness of the Orange Keyhole Sponge Mycale Armata in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii Based on Surveys 2004-2005 (NODC Accession 0002602)
      Publication_Information: 
        Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii
        Publisher: Bishop Museum
      Online_Linkage: http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/accession/0002602
  Description: 
    Abstract: The Orange Keyhole Sponge, Mycale armata Thiele, was unknown in Hawaii
      prior to 1996. First reported in Pearl Harbor, it now occurs in virtually
      every commercial harbor in the main Hawaiian islands, where it can be a major
      component of the fouling community on harbor piers and jetties. It has been
      reported from a few coral reef locations near harbors, but in Kaneohe Bay
      it has become a major component of the benthic biota in the south bay in the
      last 5-10 years. A study was conducted in 2004-2005 to determine Mycale
      armata's distribution, abundance throughout the bay, its growth rates on
      permanent quadrats, and whether mechanical removal would be an effective
      management technique for its control. Results from 190 manta board surveys on
      28 reefs and paired 25 m belt transects using photo quadrats on 19 reefs
      indicated that the sponge had maximal coverage in the south-central part of
      the bay, in the vicinity of Coconut Island.
    Purpose: To determine Mycale armata's distribution, abundance throughout the bay, its
      growth rates on permanent quadrats, and whether mechanical removal would be
      an effective management technique for its control.
    Supplemental_Information: NOAASupplemental:Entry_ID: Unknown
      Sensor_Name: SCUBA, digital camera
      Source_Name: manual
      Project_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
      Originating_Center: Bishop Museum
      Storage_Medium: Excel, PDF
      Online_size: 166266 kilobytes
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 2004
        Ending_Date: 2005
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.852
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.763
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.510
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.412
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Biological survey
      Theme_Keyword: coastal studies
      Theme_Keyword: coral reef
      Theme_Keyword: taxa
      Theme_Keyword: marine organisms
      Theme_Keyword: coral species
      Theme_Keyword: algae species
      Theme_Keyword: total biota
      Theme_Keyword: nonindigenous and crytogenic marine tax,
      Theme_Keyword: frequency of occurrence of species
      Theme_Keyword: distribution and relative abundance of Mycale armata
      Theme_Keyword: relative abundance of the invasive algae Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, Gracilaria salicornia, and Kappaphycus sp.
      Theme_Keyword: percent cover of Mycale armata, macroalgae, corals and other invertebrates, and substratum types within the photoquadrats
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: 002
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: North Pacific Ocean
      Place_Keyword: Hawaiian Islands
      Place_Keyword: Oahu
      Place_Keyword: Kaneohe Bay
      Place_Keyword: Coconut Island
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Coconut Island ( Moku o loe ) (21N157W0005)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Coconut Island ( Moku o loe ) (21N157W0005)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003)
    Stratum: 
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Stratum_Keyword: benthic
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Person_Primary: 
        Contact_Person: Steve L. Coles
      Contact_Position: Scientist
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St.
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96817
        Country: U.S.A.
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808) 847-8256
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 841-8968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: slcoles@bishopmuseum.org
      Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00PM, Pacific time
      Contact_Instructions: E-mail/phone/letter
  Data_Set_Credit: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative, Bishop Museum
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Excel spreadsheets, PDF
Data_Quality_Information: 
  Logical_Consistency_Report: see Lineage, Process Step
  Completeness_Report: the survey was 100% completed
  Lineage: 
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: 1. Manta Board Surveys
        Manta board surveys were conducted in Kaneohe Bay
        in September 2004 to determine the extent of occurrence and relative coverage
        of Mycale armata. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network's (GCRMN) manta
        board procedure described in the Methods for Ecological Monitoring of Coral
        Reefs, (http://www.icran.org/pdf/Methods_Ecological_Monitoring.pdf), in which
        a trained observer is towed for two minutes behind a small boat, was modified
        to a snorkeling observer swimming with the manta board for four minutes along
        the reef edge. This modification was found to be more feasible in Kaneohe
        Bay because of the difficulty in towing behind a boat under the prevailing
        wind conditions and the general murkiness of the water in the bay. The manta
        board swims were a satisfactory and time-efficient method for rapidly
        acquiring a substantial quantity of semi-quantitative distribution data for
        dominant benthic organisms. The observer estimated and recorded the coverage
        of Mycale armata, the two dominant corals Porites compressa and Montipora
        capitata, the introduced feather duster worm Sabellastarte spectabilis and the
        invasive algae Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, Gracilaria salicornia, and
        Kappaphycus sp. on reef crests and slopes along the edges of reefs in the
        south and middle sectors of Kaneohe Bay. The relative abundance of each
        these species was estimated and recorded using the GCRMN scale ranging from 1
        (1-10% cover) to 5 (75-100% cover). The location of the beginning and end of
        each swim was recorded using a Garmin 76 WAAF Global Positioning System (GPS)
        unit accurate to &#177; 8 m carried by the manta board observer in a waterproof
        bag. Using this technique the 190 manta board transects shown in Figure 1 were
        completed on 28 reefs by three observers in 13 days.
        
        2. Quantitative Photo Quadrat Transects
        Having established the extent of the sponge in the bay using manta board
        swims, linear photo transects were used to establish quantitatively the areal
        coverage of Mycale armata and other dominant benthic biota along transects at
        19 sites on 18 reefs throughout Kaneohe Bay. Digital
        photographs of bottom cover were taken along belt transects using an Olympus
        5060 digital camera contained within an underwater housing and held on a fixed
        height camera stand, producing an image area of ca. 0.66 m2. Twenty-five
        photographs were taken on each of two transects per site for a total of 33 m2
        reef surface measured per site. The start and end of each
        set of transects was recorded using GPS and mapped using ArcGIS.
        
        Images obtained were enhanced and cropped to a consistent size of 0.66 m2 and
        processed using the Coral Point Count with Excel extension (CPCe) program
        available from the National Coral Reef Initiative
        (http://www.nova.edu/ncri/research/a10.html). Each quadrat was assigned 50
        random points and the composition under each point was recorded, for a total
        of 1250 points analyzed per transect or 2500 points per site. These data were
        used to determine the percent cover of Mycale armata, macroalgae, corals and
        other invertebrates, and substratum types within the photoquadrats, which were
        averaged at each site.
        
        3. Measurement of changes in sponge cover on control and removal quadrats
        
        Twenty permanently marked photo quadrats were established in October 2004 on
        the reef slope along the southeast perimeter of Coconut Island to monitor
        sponge growth and competition with reef corals within
        the marked areas. The corners of each 0.165 m2 quadrat were marked with iron
        rebar or cable ties, enabling quarterly measurements of the same reef area for
        each quadrat throughout the year. No sponge was removed from 10 of the
        quadrats (Controls), while all the sponge that could be mechanically extracted
        from the remaining 10 quadrats (Removals) was removed. The amount
        of sponge removed averaged an equivalent of 1.85 kg dry wt per m2 for the ten
        quadrats.  This was time-consuming and impacted corals within some of the quadrats,
        requiring an equivalent of 12.6-22.7 hr/ m2 for removal from a single quadrat and
        removing an equivalent 0.18-1.72 kg m2 of live coral skeleton as by-catch from six of
        the ten removal quadrats. Both sets of quadrats were photographed soon after sponge
        removal and quarterly thereafter in February, May, August, and November 2005 using
        a digital camera on a stand with a fixed photographic area of ca. 0.165 m2 .
        
        After cropping to a consistent image area of 0.165 m2, the CPCe program was
        used to analyze the coverage of all components within the permanent photo
        quadrates for each quarter's determinations in a similar manner as was done for
        transect photo quadrats, except that 100 points evenly spaced in a grid were
        used for analysis of each permanent photo quadrat. This stratified approach
        provided greater sensitivity and probability that the same specific areas on a
        quadrat were being sampled each quarter, resulting in more replicability for
        time-series analyses of changes within the permanent photo quadrats.
        
        4. Measurement of changes in weight and volume of sponge fragments
        
        Twenty fragments of sponge were collected from near the HIMB pier on 3
        December 2004, transferred to the laboratory, and held in flowing seawater
        under screen shade until 6 December. They were then photographed underwater
        with the digital camera held on a small quadrapod frame that provided a
        consistent image frame size of 412 cm2 . The sponges were then weighed
        underwater in a basket suspended from the bottom hook of an Ohaus Scout-Pro
        digital balance read to 0.001 g. Each sponge fragment was weighed
        twice and the results averaged. After weighing and photographing, each sponge
        was placed on a piece of underwater paper and both sponge and paper were
        attached to galvanized wire mesh platforms and deployed to the reef where they
        were held in place by cable ties attached to quadrat marker stakes or coral
        branches. The sponges were photographed and weighed quarterly thereafter in
        March, June, September, and December 2005. The projected areas of sponge
        images were determined using CPCe analysis software for determining the area
        of a irregular object. Duplicate area determinations were made and
        averaged for each sponge at each quarterly measurement.
        Coles, S.L. and H.Bolick, 2006. Assessment of Invasiveness of the Orange
        Keyhole Sponge Mycale armata in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii.  Final Report,
        Year 1. The Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. Contribution No. 2006-02 to the
        Hawaii Biological Survey
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Contact: 
        Contact_Information: 
          Contact_Person_Primary: 
            Contact_Person: Steve L. Coles
          Contact_Position: Scientist
          Contact_Address: 
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St.
            City: Honolulu
            State_or_Province: HI
            Postal_Code: 96817
            Country: U.S.A.
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808) 847-8256
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 841-8968
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: slcoles@bishopmuseum.org
          Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00PM, Pacific time
          Contact_Instructions: E-mail/phone/letter
Entity_and_Attribute_Information: 
  Overview_Description: 
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: HCRI_Report.pdf              Original Report provided as PDF.
      HCRI_Report.txt              redundant ASCII copy
      Figure01_02.jpg              Map of manta board survey locations
      
      Data are in the following directories.  The originals were provided as
      MS Excel spreadsheets.  Redundant ASCII CSV-format copies were made, with
      each unique sheet getting a unique file.  Each spreadsheet is
      well-described within.
      
      Directory /MantaSurveys
      Manta_Board_GPS_Data.xls     Coordinates of stations
      Manta_Board_GPS_Data.csv     ASCII CSV copy
      Manta_Survey_Data.xls        survey data
      Manta_Survey_Data.csv        ASCII CSV copy
      
      Directory /Photoquadrats
      ControlsSummary.xls          Summary of data from Control
      ControlsSummaryQuarter1.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      ControlsSummaryQuarter2.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      ControlsSummaryQuarter3.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      ControlsSummaryQuarter4.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      ControlsSummaryYear.csv      ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      
      RemovalsSummary.xls          Removal Summary Data
      RemovalsSummaryAllData.csv   ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryQuarter1.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryQuarter2.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryQuarter3.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryQuarter4.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryRemovals.csv  ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      RemovalsSummaryYear.csv      ASCII CSV copies of spreadsheets
      
      TimeSeries.xls               Change in time of control and removal quadrats
      TimeSeriesSheet1.csv         ASCII CSV copy
      
      Directories within /Photogradrats
      (each directory pertains to a given quadrat.  In each, a ControlSummary
      and a RemovalSummary (*.xls) file is provided, which has been dumped into
      redundant ASCII CSV files for each sheet of each spreadsheet.  The sheets
      hold the raw and the summary data).
      
      Quadrat_1/
      Quadrat_2/
      Quadrat_3/
      Quadrat_4/
      Quadrat_5/
      Quadrat_6/
      Quadrat_7/
      Quadrat_8/
      Quadrat_9/
      Quadrat10/
      
      Directory /SpongeGrowth
      GrowthData.xls                   Growth analysis data
      GrowthData_Form.csv              ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_Q1.csv                ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_Q2.csv                ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_Q3.csv                ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_Q4.csv                ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_TimeSeries.csv        ASCII CSV copy
      GrowthData_year.csv              ASCII CSV copy
      
      Directory /TrasectData
      Photo_Transect_Data.xls          Data from photo transects
      Photo_Transect_Data.csv          ASCII CSV copy
      Photo_Transect_GPS_Data.xls      Coordinates and dates
      Photo_Transect_GPS_Data.csv      ASCII CSV copy
      TransectSummaries.xls            Transect summary data
      TransectSummaries_Data.csv       ASCII CSV copy
      TransectSummaries_Sheet2.csv     ASCII CSV copy
      
      Directories in /TrasectData
      (each directory pertains to a given location.  The directory name includes
      the location, date, and depth (not all).  In each, a summary file (*.xls)
      is provided, which has been dumped into redundant ASCII CSV files for each
      sheet of each spreadsheet.  The sheets hold the raw and the summary data).
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
        City: Stennis Space Center
        State_or_Province: MS
        Postal_Code: 39529
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20060313
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20081217
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Person_Primary: 
        Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
      Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
        Address: Dept. of Oceanography
        Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu
      Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
      Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20081217051028
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20040101
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20051231
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/nodc_0002602_coles_mycalefgdc.txt
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2460
