Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Dr. Roger Lukas
        Publication_Date: Unknown
        Title: Thermosalinograph  Data of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program 
in the North Pacific 100 Miles North of Oahu, Hawaii for Cruises 
HOT155-176 during 2004-2005
    Description:
      Abstract: The HOT program makes repeated observations of the physics, biology and 
chemistry at a site approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. Two stations 
are visited about once a month: Kahe Point (Station 1:  21.34N, 158.27W) and 
Station ALOHA (Station 2: 22.75N, 158W).  Various other stations are made
intermittently in support of similar research objectives or mooring 
deployments.  

HOT thermosalinograph data are recorded every 10 seconds from water 
collected by a continuous seawater system aboard each vessel from a 
depth of about 3 meters.
      Purpose: The objective of the physical component of HOT is to describe and understandthe ocean climate and variability at a deep-water site in the North Pacificsubtropical gyre near Hawaii. This requires a long time series of physicaloceanographic variables, including water mass properties and currents,supporting and complementing the objectives of the biogeochemical componentof HOT.
      Supplemental_Information: NOAASupplemental:
Entry_ID: Unknown
Sensor_Name: SBE-21 Seacat thermosalinograph system
Source_Name: ship
Project_Campaign: Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT)
Originating_Center: University of Hawaii
Storage_Medium: ASCII
Reference: NoneOnline_size: 36867 Kbytes; 51 files
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 200401
          Ending_Date: 200512
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: quasi-monthly cruises
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.27
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.00
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.75
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.34
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: thermosalinograph
        Theme_Keyword: temperature
        Theme_Keyword: salinity
        Theme_Keyword: temperature and salinity time series
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Place_Keyword: Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOT)
        Place_Keyword: Station Aloha
        Place_Keyword: Kahe Point
        Place_Keyword: Kaena Point
        Place_Keyword: Oahu
        Place_Keyword: Hawaii
        Place_Keyword: HALE ALOHA
        Place_Keyword: Pacific
        Place_Keyword: central north Pacific
      Stratum:
        Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Stratum_Keyword: complete ocean profile surface to bottom
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
          Contact_Organization: Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii
        Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
          Address: 1000 Pope Rd
          Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
          City: Honolulu
          State_or_Province: HI
          Postal_Code: 96822
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
    Data_Set_Credit: Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)

HOT was initiated and funded through grants from the National Science
Foundation under the auspices of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
(JGOFS) and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The
field phase of these programs has ended, but support from the Ocean
Sciences Division of NSF has enabled continuation of our basic HOT
measurement program. The physical oceanographic component contributes to
the objectives of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Programme by providing
information on interannual to decadal variability of the North Pacific Ocean.
The US CLIVAR Office funded the physical oceanographic data during
2004-2005.
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: ASCII text files, FORTRAN/C ready
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report: see methodology
    Completeness_Report: quality control completed
    Lineage:
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Generalities are given below.  Please see REFERENCES for additional
information. 

Each of the (approximately monthly) HOT cruises follows the same basic
pattern with some flexibility for ancillary projects to be done after the
core sampling has been completed. During transit from Honolulu to the
time-series station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) one
weight test is done to between 700 and 1000 m at station 1 off Kahe Point
(16 km offshore from the western tip of Oahu, 21 20.6' N, 158 16.4' W,
1500 m water depth). Following the successful winch test, a CTD/rosette cast
to 1000 m is conducted. This cast serves as a "shakedown" for the remainder
of the cruise, and the functioning of the components of the CTD/rosette
system as well as coordination between winch, deck and console operators can
be tested. The training of new personnel in activities such as taking
meteorological observations, and sampling salinities is also done in this
station. The data taken at Kahe Point (station 1) represent an additional
time-series of water properties at a near-shore site.
 
Upon arrival at ALOHA (station 2), operations commence with a deep cast
(maximum depth approximately 4750 m), 36-hour burst sampling3 of the upper
1000 m at the same location, plus CTD casts to support ancillary JGOFS work
of about an extra 12 hours duration. Time permitting, the last CTD cast of
the cruise will be a deep cast. On occasion, one cast will be done at
station 3 (40 miles north of ALOHA at 23 25' N, 158 W).

The second and following casts at station ALOHA are sampled to at least 1000
m depth. Cast 2 is called a "density cast" because water samples are taken
at a number of specified density values ranging from [sigma-theta]= 27.37 to
the surface with the intent to resolve the profiles of salinity, dissolved
oxygen, and nutrients in potential density coordinates Depths sampled during 
the following casts within the 36-hour burst sampling period are chosen both 
by the JGOFS group and the WOCE team, who have to ensure that at least one 
water sample each is taken within the mixed layer, the shallow salinity 
maximum, the intermediate salinity minimum and the deepest position of 
the rosette for calibration of the CTD conductivity sensor. If oxygen 
bottles will be taken from the cast, then the sampling should include 
at least the mixed layer, oxygen maximum, oxygen minimum and the deepest 
rosette position for calibration of the CTD oxygen sensor. The second 
deep cast of the cruise (if there is one) should include sampling of 
oxygen bottles in at least seven levels appropriate for calibration of 
the CTD oxygen sensor, i.e. in the oxycline and two more levels below 
the oxygen minimum, in addition to the four levels mentioned before.

The primary objective of the HOT program is to assess variability in the
central Pacific Ocean on annual and interannual time scales. One of our most
important concerns, therefore, is to ensure that the highest possible
precision and accuracy is consistently maintained for all water column
chemical measurements. In order to achieve the highest possible data
quality, we have instituted a quality-assurance/quality-control program,
and have attempted to collect all ancillary information necessary to
ensure that our data are not biased by sampling artifacts.

Because sampling is over 36 hours, one can average out the effects
short-term changes of the depth of density surfaces and the magnitude of
hydrographic and nutrient variables (inertial, tidal, and shorter periods).

Thermosalinograph data are recorded every 10 seconds from water collected 
by a continuous seawater system aboard the vessel from a depth of 
about 3 meters.  These data are processed and quality controlled. Details 
of the thermosalinograph processing are documented (Tupas et. al., 1996).
 
Navigation data are also included in the thermosalinograph data file.
The navigation data are recorded every minute from the Global
Positioning System (GPS) aboard the vessel and linearly interpolated
at the same times of the thermosalinograph record.  These data include
latitude and longitude.
 
Error flags were incorporated in the data. 

1990 Chiswell, S., E. Firing, D. Karl, R.  Lukas and C. Winn. Hawaii 
   Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 1, 1988-1989. SOEST Tech. Rept. 
   #1, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii,
   Honolulu, HI, 269 pp.

1992 Winn, C., S. Chiswell, E. Firing, D.  Karl and R. Lukas. Hawaii Ocean 
   Time-series Program Data Report 2, 1990. SOEST Tech.  Rept. 92-1, School 
   of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, 
   HI, 175 pp.

1993 Winn, C., R. Lukas, D. Karl and E.  Firing. Hawaii Ocean Time- series 
   Program Data Report 3, 1991. SOEST Tech. Report 93-3, School of Ocean and 
   Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 228 pp.

1993 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D.  Hebel, R. Lukas, D. Karl and E. 
   Firing.  Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 4, 1992. SOEST Tech. 
   Report 93-14, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of 
   Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 248 pp.

1994 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D.  Hebel, E. Firing, F. Bingham, R. 
   Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 5, 1993. 
   SOEST Tech. Report 94-5, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 
   Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 156 pp.

1995 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D.  Hebel, E. Firing, R. Lukas, and 
   D. Karl.  Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 6, 1994. SOEST Tech. 
   Report 95-6, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of 
   Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 199 pp.

1996 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, C.  Nosse, D. Hebel, E. Firing, R. 
   Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 7, 1995. 
   SOEST Tech. Report 96-7, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 
   Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 228 pp.

1997 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D.  Hebel, C. Nosse, L. Fujieki, E. 
   Firing, R.  Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data 
   Report 8, 1996.  SOEST Tech. Report 97-8, School of Ocean and Earth 
   Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 296 pp.

1998 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D.  Hebel, C. Nosse, L. Fujieki, E. 
   Firing, R.  Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data 
   Report 9, 1997.  SOEST Tech. Report 98-9, School of Ocean and Earth 
   Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 159 pp.

2004 Fujieki, L.A., F. Santiago-Mandujano, P. Lethaby, C. Hannides,
   R.  Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data
   Report 16, 2004.  School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology,
   Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 315 pp.
   (see rep_y16.txt)
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
              Contact_Organization: Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii
            Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
              Address: 1000 Pope Rd
              Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
              City: Honolulu
              State_or_Province: HI
              Postal_Code: 96822
              Country: USA
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Directories and files:/data             root data directory  /woce_sum       WOCE-type sum file which gives details on                  position and parameters taken of each cast and                  station of each cruise.  Filenaming convention:                  hotccc.sum      where ccc is cruise number  /ths            thermosalinograph data.  Filenaming convention:                  hotcccts.dat    where ccc is cruise number                                        ts  is constantData File Format:Thermosalinograph data are distributed in a format specified here.The thermosalinograph data for each cruise are stored together with thenavigation data in an ASCII file. The file names are determined by cruise nameand number. For example, the thermosalinograph data for HOT-63 can befound in hot63ts.dat. The thermosalinograph data files do not contain any header information. Onlythe data for each cruise are presented in the files. The order of variables in a thermosalinograph record are as follows: time (year, decimal year day),longitude, latitude, temperature, salinity and quality. Note, negative longitude corresponds to West longitude. Data Record Format:Column      Variable-------     -------1         Year2         Decimal Year Day (January 1 = Year Day 0)3         Longitude (decimal degrees)4         Latitude (decimal degrees)5         Temperature (Degrees Celsius,          International Temperature Scale of 1990)6         Salinity (1978 International Practical Salinity Scale)7         Quality (defined by investigator) **FORTRAN FORMAT  (i4, f10.5, f12.6, f11.6, f7.3, f7.3, i3)** The quality word is the left-to-right concatenation of required quality bytes for temperature and salinity; the first byte represents temperature, the second represents salinity. Quality information is only available for cruises after HOT-71. The byte values are defined as follows: byte value      Definition    2           Acceptable measurement.    3           Questionable measurement.    4           Bad measurement.Sample File: (First few records) 1996 142.40750 -157.994382  22.749950 25.313 34.877 231996 142.40762 -157.994536  22.749976 25.310 34.873 231996 142.40773 -157.994677  22.750001 25.309 34.876 231996 142.40785 -157.994831  22.750029 25.308 34.882 23
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
          Address: National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100
          City: Stennis Space Center
          State_or_Province: MS
          Postal_Code: 39529
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 866-732-2382
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 228-688-2968
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov
        Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
    Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20061116
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
          Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
        Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing
          Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
          Address: Dept. of Oceanography
          Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
          City: Honolulu
          State_or_Province: Hawaii
          Postal_Code: 96822
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@soest.hawaii.edu
        Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
        Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
    Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
