Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Dr. Roger Lukas
        Publication_Date: Unknown
        Title: Thermosalinograph Data of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program 
in the North Pacific 100 Miles North of Oahu, Hawaii for Cruises 
HOT189-198 during 2007
    Description:
      Abstract: The HOT program makes repeated observations of the physics, biology and 
chemistry at a site approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. Two stations 
are visited about once a month: Kahe Point (Station 1:  21.34N, 158.27W) and 
Station ALOHA (Station 2: 22.75N, 158W).  Various other stations are made
intermittently in support of similar research objectives or mooring 
deployments.  

HOT thermosalinograph data are recorded every 10 seconds from water 
collected by a continuous seawater system aboard each vessel from a 
depth of about 3 meters.  

This NODC Accession contains thermosalinograph data for HOT cruises 189-198
during 2007.  CTD and Niskin bottle data from the same cruises
are available in separate Accessions.
      Purpose: The objective of the physical component of HOT is to describe and understand the ocean climate and variability at a deep-water site in the North Pacific subtropical gyre near Hawaii. This requires a long time series of physical oceanographic variables, including water mass properties and currents,supporting and complementing the objectives of the biogeochemical component of HOT.
      Supplemental_Information: NOAASupplemental:Entry_ID: Unknown
Sensor_Name: SBE-21 Seacat thermosalinograph system
Source_Name: ship
Project_Campaign: Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT)
Originating_Center: University of Hawaii
Storage_Medium: ASCII
Reference: None
Online_size: 17841 Kbytes
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 200701
          Ending_Date: 200712
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: quasi-monthly cruises
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.5691
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.7733
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.1183
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.1973
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: physical oceanographic data
        Theme_Keyword: thermosalinograph data
        Theme_Keyword: Temperature (ITC-90)
        Theme_Keyword: Salinity (PSS-78)
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Place_Keyword: Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOT)
        Place_Keyword: Station Aloha
        Place_Keyword: Kahe Point
        Place_Keyword: Kaena Point
        Place_Keyword: Oahu
        Place_Keyword: Hawaii
        Place_Keyword: HALE ALOHA
        Place_Keyword: Pacific
        Place_Keyword: central north Pacific
      Stratum:
        Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Stratum_Keyword: upper ocean
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
          Contact_Organization: Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii
        Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
          Address: 1000 Pope Rd
          Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
          City: Honolulu
          State_or_Province: HI
          Postal_Code: 96822
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
    Data_Set_Credit: Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) was initiated and funded through grants from the National Science 
Foundation under the auspices of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study 
(JGOFS) and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The
field phase of these programs has ended, but support from the Ocean 
Sciences Division of NSF has enabled continuation of our basic HOT 
measurement program. The physical oceanographic component contributes to 
the objectives of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 
Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Programme by providing 
information on interannual to decadal variability of the North Pacific Ocean.
The US CLIVAR Office funded the physical oceanographic data during
2007.
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: ASCII text files, FORTRAN/C ready
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report: see methodology
    Completeness_Report: quality control completed
    Lineage:
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Generalities are given below.  Please see REFERENCES for additional
information. 

Each of the (approximately monthly) HOT cruises follows the same basic
pattern with some flexibility for ancillary projects to be done after the
core sampling has been completed. During transit from Honolulu to the
time-series station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) one
weight test is done to between 700 and 1000 m at station 1 off Kahe Point
(16 km offshore from the western tip of Oahu, 21 20.6' N, 158 16.4' W,
1500 m water depth). Following the successful winch test, a CTD/rosette cast
to 1000 m is conducted. This cast serves as a "shakedown" for the remainder
of the cruise, and the functioning of the components of the CTD/rosette
system as well as coordination between winch, deck and console operators can
be tested. The training of new personnel in activities such as taking
meteorological observations, and sampling salinities is also done in this
station. The data taken at Kahe Point (station 1) represent an additional
time-series of water properties at a near-shore site.
 
Upon arrival at ALOHA (station 2), operations commence with a deep cast
(maximum depth approximately 4750 m), 36-hour burst sampling3 of the upper
1000 m at the same location, plus CTD casts to support ancillary JGOFS work
of about an extra 12 hours duration. Time permitting, the last CTD cast of
the cruise will be a deep cast. On occasion, one cast will be done at
station 3 (40 miles north of ALOHA at 23 25' N, 158 W).

The second and following casts at station ALOHA are sampled to at least 1000
m depth. Cast 2 is called a "density cast" because water samples are taken
at a number of specified density values ranging from [sigma-theta]= 27.37 to
the surface with the intent to resolve the profiles of salinity, dissolved
oxygen, and nutrients in potential density coordinates Depths sampled during 
the following casts within the 36-hour burst sampling period are chosen both 
by the JGOFS group and the WOCE team, who have to ensure that at least one 
water sample each is taken within the mixed layer, the shallow salinity 
maximum, the intermediate salinity minimum and the deepest position of 
the rosette for calibration of the CTD conductivity sensor. If oxygen 
bottles will be taken from the cast, then the sampling should include 
at least the mixed layer, oxygen maximum, oxygen minimum and the deepest 
rosette position for calibration of the CTD oxygen sensor. The second 
deep cast of the cruise (if there is one) should include sampling of 
oxygen bottles in at least seven levels appropriate for calibration of 
the CTD oxygen sensor, i.e. in the oxycline and two more levels below 
the oxygen minimum, in addition to the four levels mentioned before.

The primary objective of the HOT program is to assess variability in the
central Pacific Ocean on annual and interannual time scales. One of our most
important concerns, therefore, is to ensure that the highest possible
precision and accuracy is consistently maintained for all water column
chemical measurements. In order to achieve the highest possible data
quality, we have instituted a quality-assurance/quality-control program,
and have attempted to collect all ancillary information necessary to
ensure that our data are not biased by sampling artifacts.

Because sampling is over 36 hours, one can average out the effects
short-term changes of the depth of density surfaces and the magnitude of
hydrographic and nutrient variables (inertial, tidal, and shorter periods).

Thermosalinograph data are recorded every 10 seconds from water collected 
by a continuous seawater system aboard the vessel from a depth of 
about 3 meters.  These data are processed and quality controlled. Details 
of the thermosalinograph processing are documented (Tupas et. al., 1996).
 
Navigation data are also included in the thermosalinograph data file.
The navigation data are recorded every minute from the Global
Positioning System (GPS) aboard the vessel and linearly interpolated
at the same times of the thermosalinograph record.  These data include
latitude and longitude.
 
Error flags were incorporated in the data. 

INSTRUMENT TYPES:
SBE-21 Seacat thermosalinograph system

REFERENCES
1990 Chiswell, S., E. Firing, D. Karl, R.  Lukas and C. Winn. Hawaii
   Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 1, 1988-1989. SOEST Tech. Rept.
   1, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii,
   Honolulu, HI, 269 pp.
                                                                                  
2006 Fujieki, L.A., F. Santiago-Mandujano, P. Lethaby,
   R.  Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data
   Report 18, 2006.  School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology,
   Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 475 pp.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Dr. Roger Lukas
              Contact_Organization: Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii
            Contact_Position: Principal Investigator-- Physical data (non-ADCP)
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
              Address: 1000 Pope Rd
              Address: Marine Science Bldg. Room 418
              City: Honolulu
              State_or_Province: HI
              Postal_Code: 96822
              Country: USA
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7892
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rlukas@soest.hawaii.edu
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Directories and files:
/data             root data directory
/0-data           Files as received by NODC from the originator

  /ths            thermosalinograph data.  Filenaming convention:

                  hotcccts.dat    where ccc is cruise number
                                        ts  is constant

Data File Format:

Thermosalinograph data are distributed in a format specified here.

The thermosalinograph data for each cruise are stored together with the
navigation data in an ASCII file. The file names are determined by cruise name
and number. For example, the thermosalinograph data for HOT-177 can be
found in hot177ts.dat. 

The thermosalinograph data files do not contain any header information. Only
the data for each cruise are presented in the files. The order of variables 
in a thermosalinograph record are as follows: time (year, decimal year day),
longitude, latitude, temperature, salinity and quality. Note, negative 
longitude corresponds to West longitude. 

Data Record Format:

Column      Variable
-------     -------
1         Year
2         Decimal Year Day (January 1 = Year Day 0)
3         Longitude (decimal degrees)
4         Latitude (decimal degrees)
5         Temperature (Degrees Celsius,
          International Temperature Scale of 1990)
6         Salinity (1978 International Practical Salinity Scale)
7         Quality (defined by investigator) **

FORTRAN FORMAT  (i4, f10.5, f12.6, f11.6, f7.3, f7.3, i3)

** The quality word is the left-to-right concatenation of required quality 
bytes for temperature and salinity; the first byte represents temperature, 
the second represents salinity. Quality information is only available 
for cruises after HOT-71. 

The byte values are defined as follows: 

btions of the physics, biology and
chemistry at a site approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. Two stations
are visited about once a month: Kahe Point (Station 1:  21.34N, 158.27W) and
Station ALOHA (Station 2: 22.75N, 158W).  Various other stations are made
intermittently in support of similar research objectives or mooring
deployments.

HOT thermosalinograph data are recorded every 10 seconds from water
collected by a continuous seawater system aboard each vessel from a
depth of about 3 meters.

This NODC Accession contains thermosalinograph data for HOT cruises 189-198
during 2007.  CTD and Niskin bottle data from the same cruises
are available in separate Accessions.
      Purpose: The objective of the physical component of HOT is to describe and understand t
he ocean climate and variability at a deep-water site in the North Pacific subtropical gyre n
ear Hawaii. This requires a long time series of physical oceanographic variables, including w
ater mass properties and currents,supporting and complementing the objectives of the biogeoch
emical component of HOT.
yte value      Definition
    2           Acceptable measurement.
    3           Questionable measurement.
    4           Bad measurement.

Sample File: (First few records) 

1996 142.40750 -157.994382  22.749950 25.313 34.877 23
1996 142.40762 -157.994536  22.749976 25.310 34.873 23
1996 142.40773 -157.994677  22.750001 25.309 34.876 23
1996 142.40785 -157.994831  22.750029 25.308 34.882 23
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center
          Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor
          Address: 1315 East West Highway
          City: Silver Spring
          State_or_Province: MD
          Postal_Code: 20910-3282
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov
        Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday
    Resource_Description: NODC Accession Number xxxxxxx
    Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data,expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: ASCII
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/accession/xxxxxxx
      Fees: Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.
      Ordering_Instructions: Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store.
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20081121
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
          Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
        Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing
          Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316
          Address: Dept. of Oceanography
          Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa
          City: Honolulu
          State_or_Province: Hawaii
          Postal_Code: 96822
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@soest.hawaii.edu
        Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays
        Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available
    Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
