#ACCESSION NUMBER:
0125648

#CONTRIBUTOR:
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
Data Manager
Physical Oceanographic Component of the
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Program

#CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
University of Hawaii
Dept. of Oceanography
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
(808) 956-7000
Email: santiago@soest.hawaii.edu

#ORIGINATOR:
Dr. Roger Lukas

#ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION:
University of Hawaii
Dept. of Oceanography
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
(808) 956-7896 (phone)
(808) 956-9222 (fax)
rlukas@hawaii.edu

#TITLE: 
Thermosalinograph data of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program
in the North Pacific 100 miles north of Oahu, Hawaii for cruises 
HOT249-258 during 2013 (NODC Accession 0125648)

#PROJECT: 
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Program

In 1987, the National Science Foundation established a special-focus research
initiative termed 'The Global Geosciences Program'. This program is intended
to support studies of the earth as the system of interrelated physical,
chemical, and biological processes that act together to regulate the
habitability of our planet. Two of the components of the Global Geosciences
Program are the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global
Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) programs. The former is focused on physical
oceanographic processes and the latter on biogeochemical processes.

HOT was initially funded in 1988 as a 5-year program under WOCE and
JGOFS to make repeated observations of the physics, biology and
chemistry of the water column at a site north of Hawaii. A second 5-years of
funding were approved in 1994, 3 years more in 1998, and 3 years more in 2001.
In 2003 HOT was renewed for 5 more years, and in 2008 it was extended until
2010, and again in 2009 it was extended until 2013 (this last extension was
funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). In 2013 the project was
renewed 5 more years until 2018.

HOT is part of the ALOHA Observatory, which is being developed at HOT's
station ALOHA.  Measurements at the HOT site contribute to the global
description of heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes at a site
representative of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. The PO component
contributes to the objectives of the World Climate Research Programme
(WCRP) Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Programme by
providing information on interannual to decadal variability of the North
Pacific Ocean.

#ABSTRACT:
The HOT program makes repeated observations of the physics, biology and
chemistry at a site approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. The
program began in 1988.  Two stations are visited about once a month: 
Kahe Point (Station 1:  21.34N, 158.27W) and Station ALOHA 
(Station 2: 22.75N, 158W).  Various other stations are made
intermittently in support of similar research objectives or mooring
deployments.

This NODC Accession contains thermosalinograph data for HOT cruises 
249-258 during 2013.  Bottle and CTD data from the same cruises
are available in separate NODC accessions, 0125579 and 0125647,
respectively.  Historic HOT cruises are also available.

#PURPOSE: 
The objective of the physical component of HOT is to describe and understand 
the ocean climate and variability at a deep-water site in the North Pacific 
subtropical gyre near Hawaii. This requires a long time series of physical 
oceanographic variables, including water mass properties and currents, 
supporting and complementing the objectives of the biogeochemical component 
of HOT.

#LOCATION EXTREMES:
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  21.2304 
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  22.9552 
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 158.3740 
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157.7510 
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W

#LOCATION KEYWORDS: Hawaii, North Pacific Ocean

#SAMPLING STATIONS:

continuous sampling

#BEGIN AND END DATES: 
2013-02-11 to 2013-12-23

#SAMPLING PERIODS:

Year    Crs#         Start & End Dates       Ship            Chief Scientist
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        249          11 Feb - 15 Feb 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Curless
        250           5 Mar -  9 Mar 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Mandujano
        251           4 Apr -  8 Apr 13      R/V Thompson         Curless
        252          16 May - 20 May 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Updyke
        253          24 Jun - 28 Jun 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Curless
        254          10 Sep - 14 Sep 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Curless
        255          30 Sep -  4 Oct 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Updyke
        256          26 Oct - 30 Oct 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Mandujano
        257          25 Nov - 29 Nov 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Mandujano
        258          19 Dec - 23 Dec 13      R/V Kilo-Moana       Updyke

#PARAMETERS: 
Temperature (ITC-90)
Salinity (PSS-78)

#METHODOLOGY:
Please see REFERENCES for additional information.  

HOT thermosalinograph data have been obtained since cruise 63 using a
SBE-21 Seacat thermosalinograph system.  Data are recorded every 10
seconds from water collected by a continuous seawater system aboard the
various vessels used during the program (R/V Moana Wave, R/V 
Kaimikai-O-Kanaloa, R/V Kilo Moana, etc.) from a depth between 3 and 6
meters.  These data are processed and quality controlled. Details of the 
thermosalinograph processing can be found in HOT Data Reports, available at
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HOT_WOCE/data_report.html, and in cruise
data reports, available at
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HOT_WOCE/proc_reports.html.

Data consist of time, temperature and salinity for every sample
interval recorded. Error flags for temperature and salinity were
incorporated to each data record beginning with cruise HOT-72. Details of
this format are given in the file `Readme.ts.format'.  The data records
are written so that they can be read with a simple FORTRAN read
statement.

Navigation data are also included in the thermosalinograph data file.  
The navigation data are recorded every minute from the ship's Global
Positioning System (GPS) and linearly interpolated 
at the same times of the thermosalinograph record.  These data include
latitude and longitude.

Data exist in ASCII files which can be read by all users. There is one
file per cruise containing the thermosalinograph and navigation
data. The file name is based on cruise name and number.  Thus, hot63ts.dat
contains the data from HOT-63. Data file names from ALOHA-Climax (AC) 
cruises have the prefix ac, e.g. ac1ts.dat contains data from AC-1 cruise.
Data file names from HALE ALOHA (HA) cruises have the prefix ha, e.g.
ha2bts.dat contains data from HA-2b cruise.

Error flags were incorporated in the data.

#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
SBE-21 Seacat thermosalinograph system

#REFERENCES
Chiswell, S., E. Firing, D. Karl, R.  Lukas and C. Winn. Hawaii
   Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 1, 1988-1989. SOEST Tech. Rept.
   1, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii,
   Honolulu, HI, 269 pp.

Fujieki, L.A., F. Santiago-Mandujano, C. Fumar,
   R.  Lukas, and M. Church. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Data
   Report 24: 2012.  School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology,
   Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, December 2014. 394 pp.

#SUBMITTING MEDIUM:
FTP

#FILE FORMATS: 

Directories and files:
/data             root data directory
/0-data           Files as received by NODC from the originator

Readme.thsl       Overview metadata for the dataset
Readme.ts.format  descriptive format, repeated below

Filenaming convention:

hotcccts.dat      where ccc is cruise number, hot and ts.dat are constant


              Thermosalinograph Data Format Document

                        March 16, 2015


Thermosalinograph data are distributed in a format specified by this
document.

The thermosalinograph data for each cruise are stored together with the 
navigation data in an ASCII file.  The file names are determined by cruise 
name and number.  For example, the thermosalinograph data for HOT-63 can 
be found in hot63ts.dat.

The thermosalinograph data files do not contain any header
information.  Only the data for each cruise are presented in the
files.  The order of variables in a thermosalinograph record are as
follows:  time (year, decimal year day), longitude, latitude,
temperature, salinity and quality.  Note, negative longitude
corresponds to West longitude.

   Data Record Format:

Column		     Variable
-------              -------
  1                  Year
  2                  Decimal Year Day (January 1 = Year Day 0)
  3                  Longitude (decimal degrees)
  4                  Latitude (decimal degrees)
  5                  Temperature (Degrees Celsius,
                     International Temperature Scale of 1990)
  6                  Salinity (1978 International Practical Salinity Scale)
  7                  Quality (defined by investigator) **

FORTRAN FORMAT  (i4, f10.5, f12.6, f11.6, f7.3, f7.3, i3)

**  The quality word is the left-to-right concatenation of required
quality bytes for temperature and salinity; the first byte represents
temperature, the second represents salinity.  Quality information is
only available for cruises after HOT-71.

NOTE: The temperature from cruises up to HOT-268 on the R/V Kilo Moana 
      are flagged as uncalibrated (1) because the remote temperatures 
      were affected by heating from the nearby system's pump. These 
      temperatures are only corrected by a constant mean offset from the
      cruise's CTD casts.

The byte values are defined as follows:

 byte value        Definition
       1           Uncalibrated
       2           Acceptable measurement.
       3           Questionable measurement.
       4           Bad measurement.
 
Sample File: (First few records)

1996 142.40750 -157.994382  22.749950 25.313 34.877 23
1996 142.40762 -157.994536  22.749976 25.310 34.873 23
1996 142.40773 -157.994677  22.750001 25.309 34.876 23
1996 142.40785 -157.994831  22.750029 25.308 34.882 23

#DATASET SIZE:
179,852 kbytes

#NUMBER OF DATA UNITS:
10 unique cruises

#MISCELLANEOUS:
Previous HOT Bottle submissions to NODC:
NODC Accession                     Cruises  Years
9900208*                            1-100   1988-1998
0000639                             101-121 1999-2000
0001707                             122-154 2001-2003
0010624                             155-176 2004-2005
0041594                             177-188 2006
0048660                             189-198 2007
0055936                             199-206 2008
0069177                             208-217 2009
0087596                             218-227 2010
0101146                             228-238 2011
0119430                             239-248 2012
0125579                             239-248 2013
*includes JGOFS bio-chem parameters

Previous HOT CTD submissions to NODC:
NODC Accession                     Cruises  Years
9900206                             1-100   1988-1998
0000640                             101-121 1999-2000
0001704                             122-154 2001-2003
0010740                             155-176 2004-2005
0042029                             177-188 2006
0048725                             189-198 2007
0059482                             199-206 2008
0068957                             208-217 2009
0087584                             218-227 2010
0101727                             228-238 2011
0119895                             239-248 2012
0125647                             249-258 2013

Previous HOT thermosalinograph submissions to NODC:
NODC Accession                     Cruises  Years
9900213                             1-100   1988-1998
0000641                             101-121 1999-2000
0001710                             122-154 2001-2003
0011142                             155-176 2004-2005
0041849                             177-188 2006
0048896                             189-198 2007
0055943                             199-206 2008
0069501                             208-217 2009
0087988                             218-227 2010
0103907                             228-238 2011
0120323                             239-248 2012
0125468                             249-258 2013

Previous HOT/JGOFS Bio-Geo-Chem submissions to NODC:
NODC Accession                     Cruises  Years
0046427    *.gof                    1-198    1988-2007
0088839    *.gof                    199-227  2008-2010
0089168    *.flux, *.pp             1-227    1988-2010
