#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER:
#ACCESSION NUMBER:

#CONTRIBUTOR:
Dr. Scott Godwin
 
#CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
Bishop Museum
Department of Natural Sciences
1525 Bernice Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96817
phone: 808-848-4156
fax: 808-847-8252
email: sgodwin@bishopmuseum.org 

#ORIGINATOR:
same

#ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION:
same

#FUNDING
Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
Grant # Z616358

#TITLE: 
The assessment of hull fouling as a mechanism for the introduction and 
dispersal of marine alien species in the main Hawaiian Islands through
surveys at harbors on Oahu's southern and southwestern coasts during 2003.

#ABSTRACT: 
Surveys for adult invertebrates that were part of the hull fouling communities 
were done to determine to what extent marine alien invasive species (AIS) are 
being transported in this fashion. The focus was to perform a qualitative 
analysis that created a species inventory.  The organisms that generally 
foul vessel hulls are the typical species found in natural marine intertidal 
and subtidal fouling communities. These organisms are usually associated with 
one of the following groups: porifera (sponges), coelenterata (hydroids, corals 
and anemones), mollusca (mussels, clams, and sea slugs), annelida (marine worms), 
arthropoda (barnacles, amphipods, and crabs), bryozoa (moss animals), chordata 
(sea squirts and fish), as well as macroalgae (seaweed). Through collaboration with 
state and private industry representatives, arrivals notification for various 
vessel types was received. This arrivals information was used to schedule field 
survey activities throughout the study.  Field work occurred in 2003 at harbors
of southern and southwestern coasts of Oahu, Hawaii.

#PURPOSE:  
Better understand hull fouling as a mechanism for the introduction and 
dispersal of marine alien species in the main Hawaiian Islands.

#LOCATION EXTREMES:
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  21.2833
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE:  21.325
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 158.1233
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W 
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157.8433
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W  

#LOCATION KEYWORDS: 
North Pacific, Hawaii, Oahu, Honolulu Harbor, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor,
Barber's Point Harbor (Kalaeloa Harbor), Koolina Yacht Harbor

#SAMPLING STATIONS:
Honolulu Harbor, 
Ala Wai Yacht Harbor,
Barber's Point Harbor (Kalaeloa Harbor), 
Koolina Yacht Harbor 
 
#BEGIN AND END DATES: 
20031001 - 20030806

#SAMPLING PERIODS:
see ../../data/access/Vessel_Data.(mdb,xls,csv)

#PARAMETERS: 
marine species,
marine species inventory,
marine species origin (native, cryptogenic, alien),
percent coverage of species on vessel hull,
percent occurrence of species

#METHODOLOGY:
Sampling:
Port Arrivals
1) Identify vessel for survey 
A) Commercial vessel  consult vessel arrival schedules maintained by 
State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Harbors Division
B) Personal Craft  consult with harbor master of public or privately 
owned marinas to provide arrivals information. 
     Public marinas: State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, 
                     Division of Boating and Ocean Resources
     Private marinas: consult marinas listing in Hawaii Ocean Industry and 
                      Shipping News publication
2) Contact vessel owner/operator to obtain particulars (ie. Last port, vessel 
maintenance records.) and permission to conduct hull survey
A) Commercial vessel  either directly or  through the shipping agent
B) Personal Craft  speak directly to owner/operator
3) Survey entire hull from bow to stern on port and starboard sides with SCUBA 
and collect a representative sample of all taxonomic groups present.
4) Record the overall percent cover of fouling in each of the following sections 
of the vessel:
A) Bow
B) Midship
C) Stern
D) Prop and rudder 
E) Above the water line

Compilation of arrival patterns and vessel operation dynamics 

1. Introduction
The objective of this aspect of the field component was to create a profile for 
the last port of call for specific overseas arrivals. The specific vessels for 
which information was gathered were overseas cargo barges, foreign fishing boats 
and overseas personal craft. 

2. Methodology
There were three separate data sources for these vessel types. The overseas cargo 
barges and foreign fishing boat arrivals information was obtained through the 
State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Harbors Division. Overseas personal 
craft arrivals had to be further divided into those arriving from domestic ports 
and those arriving from foreign ports. Data for domestic port arrivals exists 
with the State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant and Animal Quarantine 
and Inspection Division. The U.S. Customs Service collects information on the 
arrival of overseas personal craft from foreign ports.  The information for both 
agencies existed in hand-written logs, and permission was secured to allow access. 
The logs from May 2001 through June 2003 for both types of arrivals were entered 
into a spreadsheet format for analysis. The arrivals information for a two year 
period of time was analyzed for all the target vessel types. The overseas barges 
and foreign fishing boat arrivals data was from a data set obtained for the two 
year period of time from January 1997 through December 1998. This data set was 
from the daily arrivals logs for Honolulu Harbor and Kalaeloa Barbers Point 
Harbor for this period and was entered prior to this project. An analysis of 
recent data revealed that the arrivals data for this period was still 
characteristic of both harbors, so this data set was used instead of re-entering 
a new set. The data for overseas arrivals of personal craft was separated by 
domestic and foreign arrivals for the purpose of presentation and analysis of 
temporal trends. A temporal trend analysis was not done for the overseas barges 
or foreign fishing boats since they are on more regular commercial schedules.
Last port of call information for the overseas barges and foreign fishing boats 
was non-specific in some case so the presentation scheme to categorize this 
information was the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 
ocean regions. All but a few of the records of personal craft included specifics 
on last port of call, which allowed more specific data to be presented on last 
port of call.
 
Finally, a brief narrative of the spectrum of the operational dynamics of 
each vessel type was developed. This narrative will examine the activities 
of each vessel type to qualitatively determine if there are additional 
concerns that relate the marine AIS.

#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
SCUBA

#REFERENCES: 
none

#SUBMITTING MEDIUM:
MS Excel, Access, and Word

#FILE FORMATS: 
Data files placed in three directories: access/, doc/, excel/ 

1) Directory: access/

The original file received was Vessel_Data.mdb.  Tables
were saved in MS Excel (1997-2000) format, which in
turn were saved as Comma Separated Versions (CSV) ASCII files.
The tables are: Sample_Location, Sample_Method, Vessel_Data, and
Vessel_Type.  The contents are self explanatory.

2) Directory: doc/

The original file received was NODC_Narrative.doc, which was
exported into an ASCII text file of the same name.  It contains
information about the dataset.

3) Directory: excel/

The original file received was National_Oceanic_Data_Center_File.xls.
It contained two sheets, which were saved as Comma Separated Versions 
(CSV) ASCII files: field_data.csv and formal_species_list.csv.  These
are the inventory and analysis files.

#DATASET SIZE:
1597 Kbyte

#NUMBER OF DATA UNITS:
4 locations

#MISCELLANEOUS:
