Explanation of File Format


Part 1. Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Observations on board Research Vessels

Oceanographic observation data are stored on this CD-ROM in the following seven files: 
     1) Hydrographic data (file name: xxyymm.E)
     2) Subsurface temperature data (xxyymm.T)
     3) Subsurface current data (xxyymm.A) 
     4) Plankton data (xxyymm.tp)
     5) CTD data (xxnnnn_1.ctd)
     6) XCTD data (xxnnnn.xct)
     7) BT data (xxbblll.bt)

where, xx: Ship Code [listed in Table 1-1]
       bb: Ship Code for BT observation [listed in Table 1-1 ]
       yy: Year (last 2 digits)
       mm: Month
       tp: Type of Plankton [ZP: zooplankton, PP: phytoplankton]
     nnnn: Station number (4 digits)
      lll: Station number (3 digits) for BT data


 Hydrographic data,Subsurface temperature data,Subsurface current data 
and Plankton data consist of ASCII records of fixed lengths (126 bytes 
except Plankton data [73 bytes ]).Each record is separated by two 
characters like as in DOS,which characters are one gcontrol M h(carriage
return,ASCII code 0Dh and one gcontrol J h(line feed, ASCII code 0Ah .
For a missing value, the character e-f(ASCII code 2Dh is put in place of 
the measured value.The column of the element that was not observed is filled with blanks.
 CTD, XCTD and BT data files consist of ASCII records of variable length. Each element is
separated by the character e,f(comma,ASCII code 2Ch ,and the column of the element that was
not observed is filled with e-9 f.

Marine meteorological observation data are stored on the CD-ROM in the following two files:
     1) Maritime meteorological data (DDDDYYYY.im1)
     2) Aerological data (yymmdd.AER)

where, DDDD: Ship call sign [listed in Table 1-1]
       YYYY: Year (4 digits)
       yy: Year (last 2 digits)
       mm: Month
       dd: Day

  Maritime meteorological data consist of ASCII records of xed lengths (131 bytes).
 Aerological data consist of ASCII records of variable length.

1. Hydrographic data

     Hydrographic data consist of 4 types of records: HEADER-1, HEADER-2, HEADER-3
and DATA. HEADER-1 represents cruise information. HEADER-2 and HEADER-3
represent station information and remarks, respectively. DATA include observation
data at the station.
     The data files are composed of HEADER-1 and station data groups. HEADER-1 is
always located at the beginning of the file. The station data groups are composed
of HEADER-2, HEADER-3 and DATA. The character '@' on the "REC_IND" of DATA
represents the end record of the station data group.
     


HEADER-1 (Cruise Information)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
-----------------------------------------------------------------
FORMAT CODE     1    A4        Format code of the file: 'E2.1'
CRUISE NO       6    I4        Cruise number identified with the
                               year and the month.
PERIOD         11    2(2I2,1X) Date of beginning and end of the
                               CTD and XCTD observations.
AREA           21    A98       Observation area.
NO OF STN     119    I4        Number of stations.
SHIP CODE     124    A2        Ship Code (listed in Table 1-1.)
REC_IND       126    A1        '@'
-----------------------------------------------------------------


HEADER-2 (Station Information)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A3,I4     Station number given by the ship
                               code suffixed with a four digits
                               consecutive numbers.
LATITUDE        9    I2,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of latitude, N
                               or S.
LONGITUDE      17    I3,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of longitude, E
                               or W.
DATE/TIME      26    2(I2,1X,I2,1X,2I2,1X)
                               Month, day and time of beginning
                               and end of a hydrographic cast in
                               the Japan Standard Time (JST),
                               which is nine hours ahead of the
                               Coodinated Universal Time (UTC).
W-DEPTH        48    I4        Water depth to the bottom in
                               meters. 
W-COLOR        54    I2        Color of sea in Forel-Ure scale.
TRANS          57    I2,1X,I2,1X
                               Transparency in meters with wire
                               angle in parentheses, as determined
                               by Secchi Disk.
SSF-NO        102    A3,I3     Corresponding station number of the
                               subsurface temperature data.
ACM-NO        109    A3,I3     Corresponding station number of the
                               subsurface current data.
SUB STN NO    116    A6        Sub station number.
CRUISE NO     122    I4
REC_IND       126    A1        '='
------------------------------------------------------------------


HEADER-3 (Station Remarks)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A3,I4
REMARKS         9    A82       Remarks of the station.
PARAM INF      91    A35       Information of additional
                               parameters in "DATA".
REC_IND       126    A1        '='
------------------------------------------------------------------


DATA (Observation Data)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A3,I4
TIME            9    2I2       Sampling time in JST.
DEPTH(OBS)     17    I4        Depth of sampling in meters. 
TEMP(OBS)      22    F5.2      CTD temperature in "the
                               International Temperature Scale of
                               1990 (ITS-90)."
SAL(OBS)       28    F6.3      CTD salinity in "the practical
                               salinity scale, 1978 (PSS-78)."
DO             35    I3        Concentration of dissolved oxygen
                               in micro mol per liter as
                               determined by the Winkler Method.
PO4-P          39    F4.2      Inorganic phosphate-phosphorus in
                               micro mol per liter as determined
                               by the reduction method using
                               ascorbic acid (Strickland and Parsons,
                               1965).
T-P            44    F4.2      Total phosphorus in micro mol per
                               liter as determined using the
                               potassium persulfate decomposition
                               method.
NO3-N          49    F4.1      (Nitrate + nitrite)-nitrogen in micro mol per
                               liter as determined by the Muellin-
                               Riley method using copper-cadmium
                               reduction column (Wood, Armstrong and
                               Richard, 1967).
NO2-N          54    F4.2      Nitrite-nitrogen in micro mol per
                               liter as determined by the
                               Bendschneider and Robinson method
                               (Strickland and Parsons, 1965).
NH3-N          59    F4.2      Ammonia-nitrogen in micro mol per
                               liter as determined by the modified
                               indophenol method.
PH             64    F4.2      Hydrogen-ion concentration at 25 degrees 
                               centigrade as determined by the pH meter.
CHL            69    F6.2      Chlorophyll a in micrograms per
                               liter as determined by the fluorometric
                               technique.
PHA            76    F6.2      Phaeopigments in micrograms per
                               liter as determined by the
                               fluorometric technique.
(ADD PARAM)    83              (Additional parameter.)
DEPTH(STD)     94    I4        Standard depths in meters.
TEMP(STD)      99    F5.2      CTD temperature in ITS-90.
SAL(STD)      105    F6.3      CTD salinity in PSS-78.
D-ST          116    I4        Thermosteric anomaly in 10^8m^3/kg.
DELTA-D       121    F5.3      Geopotential anomaly in 10m^2/sec^2.
REC_IND       126    A1        '@'(End Record of station) or '='
------------------------------------------------------------------




2. Subsurface temperature data

        Subsurface temperature data consist of cruise information record (HEADER)
and subsurface temperature data records (DATA) obtained during the cruise. The
"REC_IND" field definition is the same as one in the hydrographic data.


HEADER (Cruise Information)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
FORMAT CODE     1    A4        Format code of the file: 'T1.2'
CRUISE NO       6    I4        Cruise number identified with the
                               year and the month.
PERIOD         11    2(2I2,1X) Date of beginning and end of the 
                               subsurface temperature observations.
AREA           21    A98       Observation area.
NO OF STN     119    I4        Number of stations.
SHIP CODE     124    A2        Ship Code (listed in Table 1-1.)
REC_IND       126    A1        '@'
------------------------------------------------------------------


DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A3,I3     Station number given by the ship
                               code suffixed with three digits
                               consecutive numbers.
DATE/TIME       8    2(2I2,1X) Month, day and time of an
                               observation in JST.
LATITUDE       18    I2,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of latitude, N
                               or S.
LONGITUDE      26    I3,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of longitude, E
                               or W.
TEMP  0 (500)  35    F4.1      Temperature determined with a
     10 (550)  40    F4.1      "bathythermograph" at each depths 
     20 (600)  45    F4.1      in degrees centigrade.
     30 (650)  50    F4.1
     50 (700)  55    F4.1
     75 (750)  60    F4.1
    100 (800)  65    F4.1
    150 (900)  70    F4.1
    200(1000)  75    F4.1
    250(1200)  80    F4.1
    300(1400)  85    F4.1                                              
    350(1600)  90    F4.1
    400(1800)  95    F4.1
    450(2000) 100    F4.1
SURF-SAL      105    F6.3      Surface salinity in PSS-78.
ACM-NO        112    A3,I3     Corresponding station number of the
                               subsurface current data.
PROBE TYPE    119    I3        Probe code (listed in Table 1-2).
INST. TYPE    122    I2        Instrument code (listed in Table 1-3).
TYP           125    A1        Type of "bathythermograph"(BT): 
                               (X:expendable BT, D: Digital BT.)
REC_IND       126    A1        '@' or '='
------------------------------------------------------------------


3. Subsurface current data

        The file structure of subsurface current data is the same as the
subsurface temperature data.


HEADER (Cruise Information)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
FORMAT CODE     1    A4        Format code of the file: 'A1.1'
CRUISE NO       6    I4        Cruise number identified with the
                               year and the month.
PERIOD         11    2(2I2,1X) Date of beginning and end of the
                               subsurface current observations.
AREA           21    A98       Observation area.
NO OF STN     119    I4        Number of stations.
SHIP CODE     124    A2        Ship Code (listed in Table 1-1.)
REC_IND       126    A1        '@'
------------------------------------------------------------------


DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A3,I3     Station number given by the ship
                               code suffixed with three digits
                               consecutive numbers.
DATE/TIME       8    2(2I2,1X) Month, day and time of an
                               observation in JST.
LATITUDE       18    I2,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of latitude, N
                               or S.
LONGITUDE      26    I3,1X,I2,I1,A1
                               Degrees, minutes and tenths of
                               minutes (if given) of longitude, E
                               or W.
W-DEPTH        35    I4        Water depth to the bottom in meters.
NO OF LAYER    40    I2        Number of observation layers.
DEPTH(1)       43    I4        Depth of the 1st(4th) layer in
                               meters.
DIR/SPEED(1)   48    I3,1X,I2  True direction (in degrees) toward which current
                               is flowing and speed given in
                               tenths of knots of the subsurface
                               current for the 1st (4th) layer
                               determined with Acoustic Doppler
                               Current Meter (ACM). When the speed
                               is less than 0.05knots, direction
                               is given as 0.
DEPTH(2)       55    I4        Same as above but for the 2nd (5th)
                               layer.
DIR/SPEED(2)   60    I3,1X,I2  idem.
DEPTH(3)       67    I4        Same as above but for the 3rd (6th)
                               layer.
DIR/SPEED(3)   72    I3,1X,I2  idem.
REF            79    A2        Method to determine the ship
                               velocity, which is used to
                               calculate the absolute current
                               velocity. (LC: Loran-C, GP: GPS,
                               BM: Bottom track by ACM.)
SURF-TEMP      82    F5.2 or F4.1,1X
                               Surface temperature in ITS-90.
SURF-SAL       88    F6.3      Surface salinity in PSS-78.
HYD-NO         95    I4        Corresponding station number of
                               hydrographic data.
SSF-NO         99    A2,I3     Corresponding station number of
                               subsurface temperature data.
INTERVAL      105    I4        Time of averaging interval in
                               seconds.
SHIP-DIR      110    I3        Direction of the ship in degrees.
SHIP-SPD      114    I3        Speed of the ship in tenths of
                               knots.
HEAD          118    I3        Heading of the ship from gyro in
                               degrees.
PING NO       122    I4        Number of pings over the averaging
                               period.
REC_IND       126    A1        '@' or '='
------------------------------------------------------------------


4. Plankton data

------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
STATION NO      1    A2,I4     Station number given by the ship
                               code suffixed with four digits
                               consecutive numbers.
SUB STN NO      8    A5        Sub station number.
LATITUDE       14    I2,1X,I2  Degrees, minutes of latitude.
LONGITUDE      20    I3,1X,I2  Degrees, minutes of longitude.
DATE/TIME      27    I2,1X,I2,1X,2I2
                               Month, day and time of an
                               observation in JST.
DEPTH          38    A6        Range of towed depths in meters.
WATER STRAINED 45    F5.1      Amount of water in cubic meters as
                               determined by the flow meter.
WET WEIGHT     51    I5        Wet weight given in milligrams per
                               cubic meters.
NAME CODE      61    I5        Name code defined by JODC (listed
                               in Table 1-4).
NUMBER         67    I7        Total numbers per liter
                               (phytoplankton) or per ten cubic
                               meters (zooplankton). 
------------------------------------------------------------------

Note:  Type of the net used to collect the zooplankton is Norpac net
       (Diameter: 45cm, Length: 180cm, Filtering part: Bolting cloth GG54).


5. CTD data
  CTD data files consist of header part (first 9 records) and data part. 
  The following elements are separated by comma in each record.

  (a) Header part

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Rec-1            Ship name (listed in Table 1-1), cruise number 
                 and format code.
                 Cruise number is identified with the year and 
                 the month. Format code is eR2.1f.

Rec-2            Station number and cast number.
                 Station number is given by the ship code (listed 
                 in Table 1-1) suffixed with four digits.
Rec-3            The number of data records.
Rec-4            Date (year/month/day) and time at the bottom of the
                 hydrographic cast in the Japan Standard Time (JST), which is nine
                 hours ahead of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Rec-5            Latitude and longitude at the bottom of the hydrographic
                 cast with degrees, `-', minutes, `.', hundredth part of minutes.
Rec-6            Water depth at the bottom of the hydrographic cast and
                 sounding flag (listed in Table 1-5).
Rec-7            Corresponding station number of the subsurface current data
                 and sub-station number.
Rec-8            Headers for data columns.
Rec-9            Units for data columns.
-----------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Data part
 
  Data are described at every 1 X 10^4 Pa. The meaning of attached flags 
  is shown in Table 1-6.

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
below Rec-10     Pressure, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen 
                 with each flag (listed in Table 1-6) and the number 
                 of data used for averaging.
-----------------------------------------------------------------



6. XCTD data
  XCTD data files consist of header part (first 14 records) and data part, 
  The following elements are separated by comma in each record.

  (a) Header part

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Rec-1            Ship name (listed in Table 1-1), cruise number 
                 and format code.
                 Cruise number is identified with the year and 
                 the month. Format code is eX1.1f.
Rec-2            Station number and cast number.
                 Station number is given by the ship code (listed 
                 in Table 1-1) suffixed with four digits consecutive 
                 numbers.
Rec-3            The number of data records.
Rec-4            Date (year/month/day) and time at the beginning of the
                 expendable CTD observation in the Japan Standard Time (JST),
                 which is nine hours ahead of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Rec-5            Latitude and longitude at the beginning of the expendable
                 CTD observation with degrees, `-', minutes, `.', hundredth part of minutes.
Rec-6            Water depth at the beginning of the expendable CTD 
                 observation and sounding flag (listed in Table 1-5).
Rec-7            Corresponding station number of the subsurface current data
                 and sub-station number.
Rec-8            Sea surface temperature and salinity.
Rec-9            Probe type and instrument serial number.
Rec-10           Coefficients of the depth-time equation.
Rec-11           Correction coefficient of water temperature sensor.
Rec-12           Correction coefficient of electric conductivity sensor.
Rec-13,Rec-14    Headers for data columns.
-----------------------------------------------------------------


(b) Data part
   Data are described at every 1 meter.The meaning of attached flags
   is shown in Table 1-6.The definition of each field is as follows:

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
below Rec-15     Depth, Temperature, flag of temperature Salinity and 
                 flag of Salinity (listed in Table 1-6).
-----------------------------------------------------------------

7. BT data
  BT data files consist of header part (first 11 records) and data part, 
  The following elements are separated by comma in each record.

  (a) Header part

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Rec-1            Ship name (listed in Table 1-1), cruise number 
                 and format code.
                 Cruise number is identified with the year and 
                 the month. Format code is eV2.1f.
Rec-2            Station number and cast number.
                 Station number is given by the ship code (at the BT 
                 observation only listed in Table 1-1) suffixed with
                 three digits consecutive numbers.
Rec-3            The number of data records.
Rec-4            Date (year/month/day) and time at the beginning of the
                 bathythermograph (BT) observation in the Japan Standard Time (JST),
                 which is nine hours ahead of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Rec-5            Latitude and longitude at the beginning of the bathythermograph (BT)
                 observation with degrees-minutes.hundreds of minutes.
Rec-6            Water depth at the beginning of the bathythermograph (BT)
                 observation and sounding flag (listed in Table 1-5).
Rec-7            Corresponding station number of the subsurface current data
                 and sub-station number.
Rec-8            Sea surface temperature and salinity.
Rec-9            Type of "bathythermograph (BT)" ;
                 (X-BT: expendable BT, D-BT: Digital BT.).
Rec-10 for X-BT  Probe type and probe serial number.
Rec-11 for X-BT  Coefficients of the depth-time equation (listed in Table 1-2).
Rec-10, Rec-11   Headers for data columns.
for D-BT
Rec-12, Rec-13   Headers for data columns.
for X-BT
-----------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Data part
  Data are described at every 1 meter.The meaning of attached flags
  is shown in Table 1-6.

Record information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Record No.       Element
-----------------------------------------------------------------
below Rec-12     Depth, Temperature and flag of temperature
                 (listed in Table 1-6).
(Rec-14 for X-BT)
-----------------------------------------------------------------


8. Maritime meteorological data
   Maritime meteorological data layout is identical to the International
   Maritime Meteorological Tape (IMMT) [VERSION IMMT-1]. All the description 
   of WMO code tables used in the format are contained in the CD-ROM.

------------------------------------------------------------------
Element        Start    Field     Description of Field
Name        Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
TEMP INDICATOR     1       I1     IMMT format with temperatures in tenths of
                                  degrees Celsius: f3f
YEAR               2       I4     Year in UTC
MONTH              6       I2     Month in UTC
DAY                8       I2     Day in UTC
OBSERVATION TIME  10       I2     Nearest whole hour in UTC
QUADRANT OF THE   12       I1     Quadrant of the Globe, WMO code table 3333:
GLOBE                             f1f for North Latitude and East Longitude;
                                  f3f for South Latitude and East Longitude;
                                  f5f for South Latitude and West Longitude;
                                  f7f for North Latitude and West Longitude.
LATITUDE          13       I3     Latitude in tenths of degree
LONGITUDE         16       I4     Longitude in tenths of degree
CLOUD HEIGHT      20       I1     f0f for cloud height and visibility
AND VISIBILITY                    estimated; f1f for cloud height measured,
INDICATOR                         visibility estimated; f2f for cloud height
                                  and visibility measured; f3f for cloud
                                  height estimated, visibility measured.
CLOUD HEIGHT      21       I1     height of the base of the lowest cloud, WMO
                                  code table 1600.
VISIBILITY        22       I2     Visibility, WMO code table 4377.
CLOUD AMOUNT      24       I1     Total cloud cover in oktas, WMO code table 2700.
WIND DIRECTION    25       I2     True wind direction in tens of degrees, WMO code table 0877.
WIND SPEED        27       I1     The wind speed was measured with an anemometer 
INDICATOR                         in knots: f4f
WIND SPEED        28       I2     True wind speed in knots
TEMPERATURE       30       I1     The sign of the air temperature: f0f for
INDICATOR                         the positive or zero temperatures; f1f for
                                  negative.
AIR TEMPERATURE   31       I3     Air temperature in tenths of degrees Celsius
DEW POINT         34       I1     The sign of the dew point temperature: f0f
TEMPERATURE                       for the positive or zero temperatures; f1f
INDICATOR                         for negative.
DEW POINT         35       I3     Dew point temperature in tenths of degrees
TEMPERATURE                       Celsius
PRESSURE          38       I4     Air pressure in tenths of hectopascals
PRESENT WEATHER   42       I2     Present weather, WMO code table 4677
PAST WEATHER 1    44       I1     Past weather, WMO code table 4561
PAST WEATHER 2    45       I1     Past weather, WMO code table 4561
LOWEST CLOUD      46       I1     Amount of lowest clouds in oktas, WMO code table 2700
AMOUNT
LOW CLOUD TYPE    47       I1     WMO code table 0513
MIDDLE CLOUD      48       I1     WMO code table 0515
TYPE
HIGH CLOUD TYPE   49       I1     WMO code table 0509
SEA SURFACE       50       I1     The sign of the sea surface temperature:
TEMPERATURE                       f0f for positive or zero temperatures; f1f
INDICATOR                         for negative.
SEA SURFACE       51       I3     Sea surface temperature in tenths of degrees Celsius
TEMPERATURE

SEA SURFACE       54       I1     Indicator for sea surface temperature
TEMPERATURE                       measurement: f0f for bucket thermometer;
MEASUREMENT                       f1f for condenser inlet.
WAVE MEASUREMENT  55       I1     f0f for wind wave and swell estimated.
WIND WAVE PERIOD  56       I2     Period of wind waves in seconds.
WIND WAVE HEIGHT  58       I2     Height of wind waves in units of 0.5 m.
SWELL DIRECTION   60       I2     Direction of predominant swell waves in
                                  tens of degrees, WMO code table 0877
SWELL PERIOD      62       I2     Period of predominant swell waves in seconds.
SWELL HEIGHT      64       I2     Height of predominant swell waves in unit of 0.5m.
ICE ACCRETION     66       I1     Cause of ice accretion on ship, WMO code table 1751
ICE THICKNESS     67       I2     Thickness of ice accretion on ship in centimeters
ICE ACCRETION     69       I1     Rate of ice accretion on ship, WMO code table 3551
RATE
OBSERVATION       70       I1     f1f for national logbook
SOURCE
PLATFORM          71       I1     f1f for selected ship
CALL SIGN         72       A7     Shipfs call sign (listed in Table 1-1).
COUNTRY           79       I2     f17f for Japan
QUALITY CONTROL   82       I1     f6f for manual and automated quality control (intensive)
INDICATOR
WEATHER DATA      83       I1     f1f for manual
INDICATOR
PRECIPITATION     84       I1     Indicator for inclusion or omission of 
INDICATOR                         precipitation data, WMO code table 1819
PRECIPITATION     85       I3     Amount of precipitation, WMO code table 3590
AMOUNT
PRECIPITATION     88       I1     Duration of period of reference for amount
DURATION                          of precipitation, WMO code table 4019
PRESSURE          93       I1     Characteristic of pressure tendency during
TENDENCY                          the three hours preceding the time of
CHARACTERISTIC                    observation, WMO code table 0200
PRESSURE
TENDENCY AMOUNT   94       I3     Amount of pressure tendency during
                                  the three hours preceding the time of
                                  observation in tenths of hectopascal
SHIP COURSE       97       I1     True direction of resultant displacement of
                                  the ship during three hours preceding the
                                  time of observation, WMO code table 0700
SHIP SPEED        98       I1     Shipfs average speed made good during three
                                  hours preceding the time of observation,
                                  WMO code table 4451
2ND SWELL         99       I2     Direction of secondary swell waves in tens
DIRECTION                         of degrees
2ND SWELL PERIOD 101       I2     Period of secondary swell waves in seconds
2ND SWELL HEIGHT 103       I2     Height of secondary swell waves in units of 0.5 m
SEA ICE          105       I1     Concentration or arrangement of sea ice,
CONCENTRATION                     WMO code table 0639
SEA ICE          106       I1     Stage of development of sea ice, WMO code
DEVELOPMENT                       table 3739
LAND ORIGIN ICE  107       I1     Ice of land origin, WMO code table 0439
ICE EDGE BEARING 108       I1     True bearing of principal sea ice edge, WMO code table 0739
ICE CONDITION    109       I1     Present sea ice situation and trend of
                                  conditions over preceding three hours, WMO code table 5239
FM 13 VERSION    110       I1     f8f for FM 13-X
IMMT VERSION     111       I1     f1f for IMMT-1
CLOUD HEIGHT QC  112       I1     f1f -- quality control has been performed;
INDICATOR                         element appears to be correct
VISIBILITY QC    113       I1     idem
CLOUD AMOUNT AND 114       I1     idem
TYPE QC
WIND DIRECTION   115       I1     idem
QC
WIND SPEED QC    116       I1     idem
AIR TEMPERATURE  117       I1     idem
QC
DEW POINT QC     118       I1     idem
AIR PRESSURE QC  119       I1     idem
WEATHER QC       120       I1     idem
SEA SURFACE      121       I1     idem
TEMPERATURE QC
WIND WAVE PERIOD 122       I1     idem
QC
WIND WAVE HEIGHT 123       I1     idem
QC
SWELL QC         124       I1     idem
PRECIPITATION QC 125       I1     idem
PRESSURE         126       I1     idem
TENDENCY
CHARACTERISTIC
QC
PRESSURE         127       I1     idem
TENDENCY AMOUNT
SHIP DIRECTION   128       I1     idem
QC 
SHIP SPEED QC    129       I1     idem
SHIP POSITION QC 131       I1     idem
------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Aerological data
 Aerological data files are composed of all the station data groups on the same date in UTC. 
The station data groups are composed of HEADER-1, HEADER-2 and DATA.
HEADER-1 and HEADER-2 represent an observation declaration and station information, respectively.
DATA includes observation data at the station.
The character e63f on the "LEVEL INDICATOR" of DATA represents the end record of each station data group.

HEADER-1 (Observation declaration)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARATION     1       A4    eAEROf
------------------------------------------------------------------

HEADER-2 (Station information)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
AERO CODE       3      A11     Shipfs code (listed in Table 1-1)
LATITUDE       16       I5     Latitude in hundredths of degrees (positive
                               for North and negative for South Latitude)
LONGITUDE      22       I6     Longitude in hundredths of degrees
                               (positive for East and negative for West Longitude)
LAUNCHER       29       I4     Height of launcher in meters.
HEIGHT
YEAR           34       I4     Year UTC (last two or four digit)
MONTH          39       I2     Month UTC
DAY            42       I2     Day UTC
HOUR           46       I2     Hour UTC of sonde launch time
MINUTE         49       I2     Minute UTC of launch time
SENSOR S/N     52       I9     Sonde sensor serial number
------------------------------------------------------------------

DATA (Observation data)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Element     Start    Field     Description of Field
Name     Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
LEVEL           1       I2     Standard pressure level and significant
INDICATOR                      level indicator (listed in Table 1-7):
PRESSURE        5       I5     Pressure in tenths of hectopascals
HEIGHT         12       I5     Height in meters
TEMPERATURE    19       I5     Temperature in tenths of degrees Celsius
HUMIDITY       26       I3     Relative humidity in %
WIND           32       I3     Wind direction in degrees
DIRECTION
WIND SPEED     37       I4     Wind speed in the units of 0.1 m/s
------------------------------------------------------------------


Table 1-1. Ship codes.

----------------------------------------------------------------
 Ship Code  Ship Name      BT CODE    CALL SIGN  AERO_CODE
----------------------------------------------------------------
    KO      Kofu Maru        to         JDWX     1 2 47  002
    RF      Ryofu Maru       tf         JGQH     1 2 47  646
    KS      Keifu Maru       ts         JPBN     1 2 47  000
    SH      Shumpu Maru      th         JFDG
    NC      Chofu Maru       tc         JCCX     1 2 47  001
    SM      Seifu Maru       tm         JIVB     1 2 47  003
----------------------------------------------------------------


Table 1-2. Probe code and coefficients of the depth-time equation in subsurface temperature data.
      The depth-time equation is of the form:

                        zm = am*t +  bm*t^2

      where zm is the depth and t is the elapsed time in seconds starting when
      the probe hits the surface; am and bm are positive constants.


---------------------------------------------------------------
                                              coefficients
      Code  Manufacturer        Probe Type   am         bm
---------------------------------------------------------------
      212   Tsurumi Seiki Co.   T-6 ( 460m)   6.691     -0.00225
      222   Tsurumi Seiki Co.   T-7 ( 760m)   6.691     -0.00225
      231   Tsurumi Seiki Co.   T-5 (1820m)   6.828     -0.00182
      252   Tsurumi Seiki Co.   Deep Blue     6.691     -0.00225
---------------------------------------------------------------



Table 1-3. Instrument codes for expendable probe in subsurface temperature data.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
      Code          Instrument
-----------------------------------------------------------------
      32            Murayama Denki Z-60-16-III
      33            Murayama Denki Z-60-16-II
      45            Tsurumi Seiki Co. MK-100
      46            Tsurumi Seiki Co. MK-130 Compatible recorder
-----------------------------------------------------------------



Table 1-4. Name codes of plankton in plankton data.

-----------------------------------------------
          Code          Name
-----------------------------------------------
          00099         BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
          01327         SAGITTOIDEA
-----------------------------------------------



Table 1-5. Sounding flag of water depth in CTD, XCTD and BT data.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Flag No.          Definition
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
      1             Sounding by echo-sounder (not corrected)
      2             Sounding by echo-sounder (corrected)
      5             Water depth measured by CTD and altimeter
      6             Water depth measured by the XBT and the XCTD submersible
      9             No sounding
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------



Table 1-6. Data flag in CTD, XCTD and BT data.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Flag No.          Definition
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      2             Good
      3             Doubtful
      4             Bad
      6             Interpolation by the separated layer over 2X10^4 Pa
      7             Spike corrected 
      9             No data
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


Table 1-7:Aerological level indicator.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Code           Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      01            Significant level for temperature and/or humidity
      02            Standard pressure level
      05            Tropopause
      16            Significant level for wind direction/speed
      17            Signifucant level for temperature/humidity and wind
      24            Wind speed maximum
      63            End record
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Part 2. Coastal Water Temperature Observations

    The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has carried out water temperature
observations at stations along the Japanese coast. Table 2-1 shows the names,
the positions and the observation periods of the 21 stations whose data are
available in this CD-ROM. 
    Water temperature had been measured at 10:00 JST (Japan Standard Time)
every day with a mercury thermometer until 1970/80s.  In 1970/80s, self-recording
apparatus with resistance thermometer were introduced at the stations except
Sakata in the months shown in Table 2-1.  JMA discontinued the observation on 
November 1993 at Naze and on March 1995 at other 13 stations.  Since April 1995,
water temperature has been observed at 7 stations: Esashi, Miyako, Onahama,
Omaezaki, Hachijojima, Hamada and Ishigaki. Hourly sampling has been made at the 
7 stations since April 1996. 

     The coastal water temperature data are provided in the files named COAST00J,
COAST00D, and COAST00H.nnn, where nnn is the last 3 figures of WMO station index. 


     COAST00J contains historical time series of 10-day and monthly mean values at
the 21 stations during the period shown in Table 2-1. The file consists of 
half-yearly records which include the first 10-day mean, the second 10-day mean,
the last 10-day mean, and the monthly mean in the former or latter half of the year.
The records also include the WMO station index, the year and the period indicator:
"A" or "B", which indicates the former or latter half of the year. The 10-day or
monthly mean value is specified as "999" in case of more than 20% of the data are
missing during the period. The format is shown in Table 2-3.

     COAST00D contains daily observed temperatures at 10:00 JST at the 21 stations
during the period shown in Table 2-2. The file consists of monthly records which
include daily observed temperatures in the month, the WMO station index, the year
and the month. The format is shown in Table 2-4.

     COAST00H.nnn contains hourly observed temperatures at each station for the
period from March 1996 to December 2001.  The file consists of daily records which
contain the temperatures observed every hour from 01 to 24 JST in the day, the WMO
station index, the year, the month and the day. The format is shown in Table 2-5.



Table 2-1.  List of stations in the file COAST01J and related information.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Station      WMO      Position       COAST01J    Introduction    COAST01J 
             station                 Data are    of the          Data are
             index    Lat.  Lon.     available   resistance      available
                                     from        thermometer     to
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WAKKANAI     47401  45-25N 141-41E   Sep. 1938   Feb. 1981       Mar. 1995
SUTTSU       47421  42-48N 140-14E   Jan. 1908   Mar. 1984       Mar. 1995
URAKAWA      47426  42-10N 142-47E   Nov. 1940   Oct. 1980       Mar. 1995
ESASHI       47428  41-52N 140-08E   Jan. 1941   Apr. 1984       Dec. 2001
MOMBETSU     47435  44-21N 143-22E   Jan. 1957   Jul. 1983       Mar. 1995
MIYAKO       47585  39-39N 141-58E   Sep. 1927   Nov. 1978       Dec. 2001
SAKATA
(TOBISHIMA)  47587  38-54N 139-51E   Jan. 1934        -          Mar. 1995
ONAHAMA      47598  36-57N 140-54E   Jan. 1936   Jun. 1976       Dec. 2001
WAJIMA       47600  37-23N 136-54E   Jan. 1932   Feb. 1978       Mar. 1995
OMAEZAKI     47655  34-36N 138-13E   May  1934   Aug. 1983       Dec. 2001
TATEYAMA
(MERA)       47672  34-59N 139-52E   Aug. 1982   Aug. 1982       Mar. 1995
HACHIJOJIMA  47678  33-06N 139-47E   Jan. 1936   Aug. 1972       Dec. 2001
SAIGO        47740  36-12N 133-20E   Nov. 1939   Jul. 1983       Mar. 1995
HAMADA       47755  34-54N 132-04E   Dec. 1941   Jul. 1985       Dec. 2001
SHIONOMISAKI 47778  33-27N 135-46E   Jan. 1939   Jul. 1982       Mar. 1995
SHIMIZU
(ASHIZURI)   47898  32-43N 133-01E   Jan. 1946   Jul. 1983       Mar. 1995
IZUHARA      47800  34-12N 129-18E   Jan. 1934   Aug. 1986       Mar. 1995
USHIBUKA     47838  32-12N 130-02E   Jun. 1955   Jun. 1985       Mar. 1995
NAZE         47909  28-23N 129-30E   Jan. 1939   Jul. 1984       Nov. 1993
ISHIGAKI     47918  24-20N 124-10E   Jan. 1914   Sep. 1981       Dec. 2001
NAHA         47936  26-12N 127-41E   Jan. 1936   Jul. 1982       Mar. 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Table 2-2.  Data available periods of COAST01D and COAST01H.nnn

----------------------------------------------------------------
Station               COAST01D              COAST01H.nnn 
                      Data are available    Data are available 
                      from      to          from      to
----------------------------------------------------------------
WAKKANAI              Feb.1981  Mar.1995       -         -
SUTTSU                Mar.1984  Mar.1995       -         -
URAKAWA               Oct.1980  Mar.1995       -         - 
ESASHI                Apr.1984  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
MOMBETSU              Jul.1983  Mar.1995       -         - 
MIYAKO                Nov.1978  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
SAKATA(TOBISHIMA)     Jan.1961  Mar.1995       -         -
ONAHAMA               May.1976  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
WAJIMA                Jan.1961  Mar.1995       -         -
OMAEZAKI              Jan.1961  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
TATEYAMA(MERA)        Aug.1982  Mar.1995       -         -
HACHIJOJIMA           Jan.1961  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
SAIGO                 Jul.1983  Mar.1995       -         -
HAMADA                Jul.1985  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
SHIONOMISAKI          Jul.1982  Mar.1995       -         -
SHIMIZU(ASHIZURI)     Jan.1961  Mar.1995       -         -
IZUHARA               Aug.1986  Mar.1995       -         -
USHIBUKA              Jun.1985  Mar.1995       -         -
NAZE                  Jul.1984  Nov.1993       -         -
ISHIGAKI              Jan.1961  Dec.1999    Mar.1996  Dec.2001
NAHA                  Jul.1982  Mar.1995       -         -
---------------------------------------------------------------------



Table 2-3.  Record format of COAST01J

------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Element        Start    Field  Description of Field
    Name        Position    Type
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    10-DAY AND         1    6(4I3) unit: 0.1 degrees centigrade.
    MONTHLY MEAN                   999: no data. Six consecutive monthly
    WATER TEMPERATURE              sets of 1st, 2nd and 3rd 10-day means
                                   and monthly mean.
    STATION INDEX     73    I3     The last three figures of WMO
                                   station index number.
    YEAR              76    I4
    PERIOD INDICATOR  80    A1     "A" means former half of the year.
                                   "B" means latter half of the year.
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Table 2-4.  Record format of COAST01D

--------------------------------------------------------------------
     Element         Start     Field   Description of Field
     Name         Position     Type
--------------------------------------------------------------------
     STATION INDEX       1     I5      WMO station index number.
     YEAR AND MONTH      6     I4,I2
     WATER TEMPERATURE  12     31(I3)  unit: 0.1 degrees centigrade.
                                       999: no data.
                                       31 consecutive daily observed
                                       temperatures.
--------------------------------------------------------------------



Table 2-5.  Record format of COAST00H.nnn
            (nnn: Last 3 figures of WMO station index number)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     Element         Start     Field     Description of Field
     Name         Position     Type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     STATION INDEX       1     I5        WMO station index number.
     YEAR AND MONTH      7     I4,1X,I2
     DAY                15     I2
     WATER TEMPERATURE  18     24(I3,1X) unit: 0.1 degrees centigrade.
                                         999: no data.
                                         24 consecutive hourly observed
                                         temperatures.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


Part 3. Ocean Data Buoy Observations

1.Drifting ocean data buoys

    The JMA has been operating drifting ocean data buoys. 
The buoys have cylindrical shape hull with a diameter of 64 centimeters. Sensors 
for position, air pressure, sea surface temperature and wave height/period 
are equipped within the hull, at levels close to the sea surface.
    The observation is usually carried out every three hours. When wave height 
exceeds the threshold set beforehand (e.g. 3.0 m), each buoy changes the function 
automatically to one-hourly observation. The threshold value can be changed anytime
via two-way satellite telecommunication system. 
    Observation data of each buoy are stored on the CD-ROM in a file named 
"yy-nn.txt", where yy shows a deployed year and nn is a consecutive number assigned 
in order of deployment in the year.


------------------------------------------------------------------
Element         Start     Field  Description of Field
Name         Position     Type
------------------------------------------------------------------
Buoy number         1     I5     WMO station index number.
Year                7     I4
Month              12     I2
Day                15     I2
Hour               18     I2     Universal Time.
Latitude
N or S             21     A1     N:North, S:South.
Degrees            23     I5     Latitude indegrees to thousandths.
Longitude
E or W             29     A1     E:East, W:West.
Degrees            30     I5     Longitude indegrees to thousandths.
Air pressure       37     I5     Air pressure in hPa to tenths.
Sea surface temp.  43     I3     Sea surface temperature in degrees
                                 centigrade to tenths.
Wave height        47     I3     Significant wave height in meter 
                                 to tenths.
Wave period        51     I2     Wave period in seconds.
------------------------------------------------------------------

