#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER:


#ACCESSION NUMBER:


#CONTRIBUTOR:
Dr. Phillip Moravcik
Water Resources Research Center
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Holmes Hall 280
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
phone: 808-956-3097
fax: 808-956-5044
email: morav@hawaii.edu

#CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
Water Resources Research Center (WRRC)
University of Hawaii at Manoa

#ORIGINATOR:
James E.T. Moncur, Principal Investigator
Chittaranjan Ray,  Principal Investigator (2001-)
Roger S. Fujioka, Project Coordinator
Ross S. Tanimoto*, coordinator for sediment grain size
William J. Cooke, Crustacean analysis and report
E. Alison Kay, Mollusk analysis and report
Richard C. Swartz, Statistical analysis and final report
others:
William G. Ambrose, Jr.
Julie H. Bailey-Brock, 
Cynthia L. Hunter, 
Regina K. Kawamoto, 
Dean Pasko
Walter G. Nelson

#ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION:
Water Resources Research Center
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

*City and County of Honolulu,
 Environmental Quality Laboratory,
 Department of Environmental Services

#TITLE: 
Sediment Monitoring and Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to 
the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii, 1986-2010.

#PROJECT: 
Biological and Sediment Monitoring Program on the Marine 
Communities Near the City's Ocean Sewer Outfalls.

#ABSTRACT:
Benthic fauna and sediment in the vicinity of the Barbers Point 
(Honouliuli) ocean outfall were sampled from 1986-2010.  To assess 
the environmental quality, sediment grain size and sediment 
chemistry were measured.  To identify the fauna, mollusk 
species and nonmollusk species sitings were tabulated.  
Stations were located both within and on the boundary of 
the zone of initial dilution (ZID) and at distances
of 1.2 to 2 km from the ZID boundary.  Data are provided in
MS Excel spreadsheets.  This set is an update to NODC Accession
9900098.  

#PURPOSE: 
Assess benthic environmental quality in region of sewer outfall.

#LOCATION EXTREMES:
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 21.26367
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 21.2867  
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE:  N
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 158.05716
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W 
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157.99200
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W  

#LOCATION KEYWORDS: 
Barbers Point, Honouliuli Sewage Outfall, Kalaeloa, Oahu, 
coastal Hawaii, North Pacific Ocean

#SAMPLING STATIONS:
     latitude          longitude          depth (m)
HB1   21 17.05N        157 59.52W            61
HB2   21 17.20N        158 01.53W            61
HB3   21 17.05N        158 01.66W            67
HB4   21 16.97N        158 01.81W            59
Z     21 17.07N        158 01.68W            64
HB6   21 16.74N        158 01.98W            61
HB7   21 15.82N        158 03.43W            61

Station positioning was determined using the Motorola Mini-ranger
navigation system.

Notes:
Seven stations previously established along the approximate
diffuser isobath (61 m) were surveyed. In 1990 survey station names were
changed from those used in the 1986 survey (Nelson et al. 1987). Survey
stations (1986 station names are in parenthesis) and their locations are as
follows:
Station HB1 (A) Approximately 3.5 km east of the zone of initial dilution
(ZID) boundary to evaluate effects far-field and beyond the ZID
Station HB2 (B) On the northeast ZID boundary
Station HB3 (C) On the southeast ZID boundary
Station HB4 (D) On the southwest ZID boundary
Station HZ (Z) Within the ZID to evaluate diffuser effects
Station HB6 (E) Approximately 0.5 km southwest of the ZID boundary as a
near-field reference station
Station HB7 (F) Approximately 3.5 km southwest of the ZID boundary as a
far-field reference station

#BEGIN AND END DATES: 
19860101 - 20100630

#SAMPLING PERIODS:
September 1986
February 1990
July 1991
February 1992
June 1993
June 1994
January  1995
January 1996
January-February 1997
January 1998
April 1999
February-March 2000
January 2001
January 2002
January 2003
June 2004
February 2005
February 2006
July 2007
June 2008
March 2009
June 2010

missing years: 1987-89,

#PARAMETERS: 
sediment chemistry 
 -geochemical analyses (total organic carbon (TOC) (%),
 -oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) (in mV millivolts), 
 -sediment oil and grease (O&G) (mg/kg),

sediment grain size

mollusk species; quantity of each species
nonmollusk species; quantity of each species

#METHODOLOGY:
The sampling methodology used in this study generally followed
the recommendations of Swartz (1978) and US EPA guidelines
(EPA 1987a, 1987b), hereafter refered to as EPA procedures.

A modified 0.16-m2 van Veen grab sampler deployed from a stern-mounted
A-frame on the research vessel Noi I Kai was used to obtain bottom samples
at all seven stations.  Penetration of the sampler was adequate for 
all replicates.  The minimum penetration depth for all grabs was 8 cm
and the maximum was 15 cm.

Five van Veen grabs were taken at each station.  A subsample 7.6 cm
in diameter by 5 cm deep was taken from each grab sample for infaunal
analysis and a subsample 4.8 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep for mollusk
analysis.  Subsampling was necessary because the epifauna and infauna
in the area are known to be both small and abundant and processing
of the entire sample would be impractical.  Replicated grab samples
at each station, rather than replicated subsamples from one grab
sample, were used to provide information on intrastation variability.
All six nonmollusk subcores were processed on a 0.5-mm screen.

Samples for geochemical analyses (total organic carbon (TOC),
oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), sediment oil and grease (O&G),
total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and grain size) were obtained from the
grabs from which the biological subcores were taken.  Each replicate
van Veen grab contained more than enough sediment for both purposes
(methods HI0020117).  Three subsamples 7.6 cm in diameter by 5 cm
deep (one from each of three differnt grab samples) were taken from all
stations.  The top 2 cm of sediment of each subsample were used for
geochemical analysis.  Samples for TOC and sediment O&G analysis were
put in screw-cap jars, placed on ice, and taken to the laboratory for 
analysis.  Sediment analyses of sediment grain size, ORP, TKN, and O&G 
followed EPA procedures.  Analysis of TOC was carried out by PACE, Inc.
Laboratory (Southern California).

#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
A van Veen grab sampler deployed from a stern-mounted
A-frame on the research vessel Noi I Kai was used to obtain bottom samples
at all seven stations.

#REFERENCES: 
Brock, R.R., and J.H. Brock. 1977. A method for quantitatively
assessing the infaunal community in coral rock.  Limnol. Oceanogr.
7:108-118.

Nelson, W.G. 1986.  Benthic infaunal sampling in vicinity of the
Sand Island Ocean Outfall,
Oahu, Hawaii. Spec. Rep 6:20:86, Water Resources Research Center,
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 117 pp.

Kay,E.A. 1980.  Micromollusks: Techniques and patterns in benthic
marine communities  In Environmental Survey Techniques for Coastal
Water Converence Proceedings, Water Resources Research Center and
Sea Grant, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Hawaii Water Pollut.
Control Assoc., January, Honolulu, pp. 93-112.

Kay,E.A., and R. Kawamoto. 1983. Micromolluscan assemblages in
Mamala Bay, Oahu 1974-1982.  Tech Rep. No. 158, Water Resources
Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 73 pp.

Saunders, H., R. Hessler, and G. Hampson. 1965. An introduction to
the study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-
Bermuda transect.  Deep Sea Res. 12:845-867.

Swartz,R.C. 1978. Techniques for sampling and analyzing the marine
benthos.  Doc. No. 600/3-789-030, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.

Swartz,R.C. and J.H.Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cook, E.A.Kay. 1999. Benthic
faunal sampling adjacent to Sand Island ocean outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
August 1998.  Project Report PR-99-10.  Water Resources
Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 172 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987a. Quality assurance and
quality control for 301(h) monitoring programs: Guidance on field and
laboratory methods.  EPA 430/9-86-004, Office of Marine and Estuarine
Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 267 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987b. Recommended biological
indices for 301(h) monitoring programs. EPA 430/9-86-002, Office of
Marine and Estuarine Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
17 pp.

Technical Reports of WRRC:
PROJECT REPORT PR-2010-01
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, March 2009
William G. Ambrose, Jr., Julie H. Bailey-Brock, William J. Cooke, Cynthia L.
Hunter, with Regina K. Kawamoto, July 2009, xiii + 204 pp. 

Project Report PR-2008-11
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, February 2008 William G. Ambrose, Jr. Julie H. Bailey-Brock William
J. Cooke E. Alison Kay, June 2008, xii + 200 pp.

Project Report PR-2008-01
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, March 2007 William G. Ambrose, Jr. Julie H. Bailey-Brock William J.
Cooke E. Alison Kay, July 2007, xi + 219 pp.

Project Report PR-2006-09
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu,
Hawaii, February 2006.
Swartz, Richard C., Julie H. Bailey-Brock, E. Alison Kay, and Dean Pasko.
June 2006.  225 pages

Project Report PR-2006-05
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to Sand Island Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i,
August 2005
Swartz, R.C., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, E.A. Kay, Mar 2006

Project Report PR-2005-10
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, February 2005
Swartz, R.C., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, E. Alison Kay, Jun 2005

Project Report PR-2004-08
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, January 2004
Swartz, R.C., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, E. Alison Kay, June 2004

Project Report PR-2003-08
Benthic Faunal Sampling Adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, January 2003
Swartz, R.C., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, E. Alison Kay, May 2003

Project Report PR-2002-09
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, January 2002
Swartz, Richard C., Julie H. Bailey - Brock, William J. Cooke, E. Alison Kay
May 2002, 193 pp

Project Report PR-2001-09
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu,
Hawai'i, January 2001
Swartz, Richard C., Julie H. Bailey - Brock, William J. Cooke, E. Alison Kay
March 2001, 189 pp

Project Report PR-98-13
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
January 1998, Swartz, Richard C., June 1998

Project Report PR-97-08
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
January-February 1997, Nelson, Walter G.  June 1998

Project Report PR-96-08
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
January 1996, Nelson, Walter G., May 1996

Project Report PR-95-12
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
January 1995, Nelson, Walter G., May 1995

Project Report PR-94-15
Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii,
June 1993, Nelson, Walter G., March 1994

#SUBMITTING MEDIUM:
email

#FILE FORMATS: 
Directory data/0-data   Contains the files/directories as provided
                        by the contributor

File: BPCHDBAS.xls 
Format: Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Content: Sediment chemical data 1986-2010
Description: Spreadsheet for each year and summary sheet for 1986-2008

File: BPSEDBAS.xls 
Format: Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Content: Sediment grain size data 1986-2010
Description: Spreadsheet for each year and summary sheet for 1986-2006

File: BPMODBAS86-10.xls
Format: Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Content: Mullosk species lists 1986-2010
Description: Spreadsheet for each year; provides count of species per sample

File: BPNMDBAS86-10.xls
Format: Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Content: Nonmullosk species lists 1986-2010
Description: Spreadsheet for each year; provides count of species per sample.
             Also a summary sheet for 1986-2005.

Directory data/1-data   Contains the files/directories created by NODC

Comma-separated version (CSV) text files were exported for each sheet
within each Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet of ../0-data.  The filename
is the name of the Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet appended with
an underscore, "_", and the name of the sheet, which is typically an
indication of the year or "summary".

#DATASET SIZE:
9,076 Kbytes

#NUMBER OF DATA UNITS:
7 stations

#MISCELLANEOUS:
This data set is an update to NODC Accession Number 9900098.

Sediment chemistry data (no fauna data) for Barber Point 1986-2002
NODC Accession 0000819.  The present data set duplicates the sediment
chemistry data found in 0000819.

Other related datasets at NODC:
NODC
Acces-   PI     Location        start           end            parameters
sion                                                           continued
0000173 Brock   Mokapu Outfall  27-Apr-98       31-Jul-98       substratum
percent cover by type; coral species; algal species; fish species;
macroinvertebrate census; invertebrate species, fish biomass

0000174 Brock   Barbers Pt. Outfall     19-Aug-91       27-Jan-99
substratum percent cover by type; coral species; algal species; fish species;
macroinvertebrate census; invertebrate species, fish biomass

0000177 Brock   Sand Island Outfall     27-Dec-90       28-Aug-98
substratum percent cover by type; coral species; algal species; fish species;
macroinvertebrate census; invertebrate species, fish biomass

0000794 Russo   Waianae Outfall 01-Jan-90       31-Dec-98       substratum
percent cover by type; coral species; algal species; fish species;
macroinvertebrate census; invertebrate species, fish biomass

9900088 Moncur  Sand Island Outfall     01-Jan-86       31-Dec-98
mollusk species, sediment chemistry, nonmollusk species, grain size

9900098 Moncur  Barbers Pt. Outfall     01-Jan-86       31-Dec-98
mollusk species, sediment chemistry, nonmollusk species, grain size

0000819 Tanimoto        Honouliuli Outfall      01-Jan-86       31-Jan-02
sediment chemistry, sediment grain size

0073346 Brock   Barbers Pt. Outfall     20-Aug-91       04-Apr-2010
fish species; fish biomass; fish census, fish length

0084515 Russo   Waianae Outfall 01-May 2003     30-Jun-2010     fish,
microinvertebrate species, census, count, biomass, abundance and
coral percent cover

0084994 Russo   Waianae Outfall 01-May 2001     30-Jun-2010     benthic fauna,
sediment chemical analysis and grain size 

pending Moravcik Sand Island Outfall      01 Jan 86          31 Dec 2010
mollusks, nonmullosks, sediment chemistry

