NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise APR96FER: Gray's Reef Cruise

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ajit Subramaniam, TPMC, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Kirk J. Waters, NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Originator: Andrew W. Meredith, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Edward M. Armstrong, TPMC, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Reed M. Bohne, Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
Originator: William G. Keull, NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Originator: James R. Nelson, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
Originator: Giacomo R. DiTullio, Grice Marine Lab, College of Charleston
Originator:
John C. Brock, U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology
Publication_Date: 199707
Title: NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise APR96FER: Gray's Reef Cruise
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Series_Information:
Series_Name: CSC Technical Report
Issue_Identification: CSC/7-97/001
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina
Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/apr97fer/index.html
Description:
Abstract:
The Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) is one of the most popular recreational fishing and diving areas off the Georgia coast. Thus, primary production - the production rate of phytoplankton, the bottom of the food chain - and the water quality of this region are of great interest to sanctuary managers. These parameters impact fish populations and recreational diving. Ocean color satellites provide daily synoptic data of the region and could be a useful tool to sanctuary managers. However, for this tool to be truly useful, algorithms that relate satellite data to chlorophyll biomass, primary production, and water column visibility need to be developed and validated. Measurements of surface chlorophyll pigment biomass, particulate absorption, dissolved organic material absorption, and spectral fluorescence were made during a cruise from April 22 to 25, 1996 in the vicinity of GRNMS. Water column profiles of temperature, conductivity, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, scattering, beam transmittance, upwelling radiance, and downwelling irradiance were made at 16 stations.
Purpose:
The objective for this cruise was to determine the optical properties and variability within GRNMS. Additional transects were taken to characterize the general region.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19970422
Ending_Date: 19970425
Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.234
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.454
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.965
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.335
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: oceanography
Theme_Keyword: bio-optical
Theme_Keyword: turbidity
Theme_Keyword: water clarity
Theme_Keyword: algal blooms
Theme_Keyword: coastal water optics
Theme_Keyword: case II algorithms
Theme_Keyword: light attenuation
Theme_Keyword: reflectance difference
Theme_Keyword: in-situ optical profiling
Theme_Keyword: ocean color satellites
Theme_Keyword: coastal ocean algorithm development
Theme_Keyword: downwelling irradiance
Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance
Theme_Keyword: resuspended sediments
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: particulate absorption
Theme_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Theme_Keyword: river plumes
Theme_Keyword: spectral attenuation
Theme_Keyword: spectral absorption
Theme_Keyword: beam attenuation
Theme_Keyword: quantum irradiance
Theme_Keyword: light scattering
Theme_Keyword: fluorescence
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Theme_Keyword: phytoplankton photosynthetic pigments
Theme_Keyword: scalar quantum irradiance
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary
Place_Keyword: South Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: Sapelo Sound
Place_Keyword: Georgia Bight
Place_Keyword: Georgia
Place_Keyword: United States
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Spring
Temporal_Keyword: April, 1996
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This data was acquired for scientific research and is applicable for algorithm validation purposes. Knowledge of in-water optics is expected of users for interpretation of the data. Users of this data are required to provide appropriate attribution in the form of co-authorship for any publications that use this data, unless formal permission to do otherwise is granted by NOAA/CSC.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Data_Set_Credit:
The help and cooperation of other members of the scientific party and the crew of the R/V Ferrel is gratefully acknowledged.
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Refer to the Process Step section for specific calibration information. The primary instrumentation used on the cruise are sent to the respective manufacturers for calibration at least once per year. Calibration certificates for the relevant instrumentation are available in the full written report. Secondary instrumentation were calibrated only upon purchase. Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer is conducted during the cruise by comparing the fluorescence reading of a series of samples placed in the instrument with the measured chlorophyll concentration measured by extracting the samples for laboratory analysis. Laboratory calibrations of the Turner Designs fluorometer and the Hewlett Packard HPLC are conducted as needed using known concentrations of purified photosynthetic pigment extracts (measured using a spectophotometer) purchased commercially or isolated from algal cultures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The Hydrolab Datasonde 3 Multiprobe logger had an internal data logger with a clock that time stamped each measurement and was set to sample every two minutes. A computer equipped with a Socket Communications PCMCIA card using Trimble Navigation's Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to log time, latitude, longitude, speed, and course of vessel. The clocks on the various computers were synchronized to GPS time and the time stamp on each measurement was used to merge the GPS location with the parameters measured. The PRR data was processed using the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) processing software. A least common denominator (LCD) file was created from the binary data files, the cast card files, the calibration files, and cruise notes. The LCD file header contains the metadata for the cast and includes information on the parameters sampled, parameters derived, filters used, and the statistical results of the regression used to extrapolate light to the sub-surface. An example header is presented in Appendix C. The pressure channel data was recalculated using an offset to adjust for the distance of the pressure sensor from the cosine collector. The tops and bottoms of the individual profiles were marked using an interactive Matlab( script and the corresponding record numbers were inserted into the LCD header section. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. Then the data was quality controlled using flags for data with tilt and roll angles greater than 10( (flag value greater than 0 in the "aq-1Tilt-1Roll" field), and records where the surface incident irradiance was not uniform (flag value greater than 0 in the "kq-1ed412" field). The temperature, transmissometer, and fluorometer data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins. Spectral attenuation coefficients were calculated for the optical channels over a five point moving window. Subsurface downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance were extrapolated to just below the surface using data from the top 3 meters. The statistics for calculation of subsurface irradiance and radiance are shown in Appendix B.
Completeness_Report:
Refer to the separate sections of Logical Consistency, Methodology, and Process Steps for descriptions of completeness of the data.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Shipboard Deployments and data collection
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: bio-optical data
Methodology_Keyword: depth profiles
Methodology_Keyword: spectral downwelling irradiance measurement
Methodology_Keyword: spectral upwelling radiance
Methodology_Keyword: temperature measurement
Methodology_Keyword: bottle sampling
Methodology_Keyword: CTD profiles
Methodology_Keyword: water sampling
Methodology_Keyword: Niskin bottles
Methodology_Description:
The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) cage was deployed off the starboard side of the boat to measure in-situ spectral downwelling irradiance, spectral upwelling radiance, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, light scattering, quantum scalar irradiance, and beam attenuation. In-situ temperature, salinity, and density were also measured at some stations with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) instrument. The alongtrack measurement system used the ship's seawater intake system and pump with the output redirected into a 5 gallon bucket located in the wet lab sink. A Datasonde III (Hydrolabs Inc.) and a SAFire (Wetlabs Inc.) were placed in the bucket and the water overflow was directed down the sink. The Datasonde was used to measure temperature, specific conductivity, and salinity. This instrument had an internal data logger with a clock that time stamped each measurement and was set to sample every two minutes. A SeaBird Inc. pump pushed the water through the SAFire. The Datasonde recorded temperature, salinity, pH, and turbidity (in NTU) every 5 minutes. The SAFire recorded fluorescence with 6 excitation wavelengths and 16 emission wavelengths every 2 minutes. A computer equipped with a Socket Communications PCMCIA card using Trimble Navigation's Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to log time, latitude, longitude, speed, and course of vessel. The clocks on the various computers were synchronized to GPS time and the time stamp on each measurement was used to merge the GPS location with the parameters measured. Water samples for chlorophyll biomass, HPLC-determined pigments, total suspended solids, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and particulate and dissolved absorption were obtained from a separate cast using a Niskin bottle array.
Methodology_Type:
Lab calibration of fluorometer and analysis of chlorophyll extracts.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophyll
Methodology_Keyword: fluorescence
Methodology_Keyword: fluorometer
Methodology_Keyword: extraction
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified chlorophyll a, dissolved in 90% acetone (10% water), was measured using a spectrophotometer and used to calibrate the Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter and stored in liquid nitrogen until lab analysis. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted in 10 ml of 90% acetone and left in a freezer (-20 C) overnight. After centrifugation, the chlorophyll concentration in the supernatant was measured using the fluorometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: HPLC calibration and analysis of phytoplankton pigments.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: photosynthetic pigments
Methodology_Keyword: high performance liquid chromatography
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophylls
Methodology_Keyword: carotenoids
Methodology_Keyword: chemotaxonomy
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified photosynthetic pigments were measured using a spectrophotometer. In a series of runs, known amounts (generally 1 to 100 ng) were injected into the HPLC to establish the retention time and define a calibration curve for each pigment. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter which was stored in liquid nitrogen. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted with 1.5 ml of 90% acetone, placed in the freezer overnight to extract. After centrifugation, 0.5 ml of the supernatant was diluted with 0.25 ml water. 0.5 ml was injected into the HPLC to quantify the pigments present.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: S.W. Wright
Originator: S.W. Jeffrey
Originator: R.F.C. Mantoura
Originator: C.A. Llewellyn
Originator: T. Bjornland
Originator: D. Repeta
Originator: N. Welschmeyer
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Improved HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Marine Ecology Progress Series
Issue_Identification: Volume 77: 183-196.
Methodology_Type: Measurement of total suspended solids
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: total suspended solids
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a dried and pre-weighed Whatman GF/F filter. The filter was subsequently dried at 60C and re-weighed.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of colored dissolved organic matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a GF/F filter into a glass Erlenmeyer flask The filtrate was refrigerated in amber glass bottles which had been rinsed with distilled water then baked in a muffle furnace at 450C. In the lab, the samples were filtered through a 0.2 um Nuclepore filter and the absorbance spectrum between 250 nm and 750 nm was measured using a 10 cm cuvette in a dual-beam spectrophotometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100(C5): 8715-8732.
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of suspended particulate matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Keyword: particulate absorption
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a Whatman GF/F filter. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured using a dual-beam spectrophotometer equipped with a scattered-transmittance accessory (end-on photomultiplier tube [PMT] with sample compartment and diffusing plate immediately in front of the PMT window in accordance with the SeaWiFS protocol. Beta correction for this specific instrument was determined using suspended versus filtered samples for cultured phytoplankton, and had a polynomial formulation. The filter was placed back on the filtration rig and soaked in methanol heated to 45C for 15 minutes to extract photosynthetic pigments. The methanol was pulled through the filter and the filter was rinsed with filtered seawater. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured again.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.A. Phinney
Originator: C.S. Yentsch
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
On the contribution of particles to blue light attenuation in the sea.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plankton Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 13, supplement: 143-152.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.L. Mueller
Originator: R.W. Austin
Publication_Date: 1995
Title: Ocean optics protocols for SeaWiFS validation, Revision 1.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series
Issue_Identification: Volume 25, 66 pp.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100 (C5): 8715-8732.
Citation_Information:
Originator: B.G. Mitchell
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient of aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique (QFT).
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ocean Optics
Issue_Identification: X
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Orlando, Florida, USA
Publisher: SPIE
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.S. Cleveland
Originator: A.D. Weidermann
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: A multiple scattering correcting for glass fiber filters.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography
Issue_Identification: Volume 38(6): 1321-1327.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Biospherical Instruments QSP200 Quantum Scalar Radiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV-600s PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV610 PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Hydrolabs Datasonde-3 turbidity, conductivity, pH, DO, temperature probe.
Process_Date: 199508
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Hydrolab Corporation
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: physical
Address: 12921 Burnet Road
City: Austin
State_or_Province: Texas
Postal_Code: 78727
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 949-3766
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaCat CTD.
Process_Date: 19951012
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1808 136th Place NE
City: Bellevue
State_or_Province: Washington
Postal_Code: 98005
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 643-9866
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech C660 Transmissometer.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech LSS Light Scattering Sensor.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the SAFire Spectral Absorption and Fluorescence Instrument.
Process_Date: 19951208
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: WET Labs, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 620 Applegate Street
City: Philomath
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97370
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 929-5650
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer
Process_Date: 1996
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: A. Subramaniam
Contact_Organization: NOAA Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4700 Silver Hill Road, Stop 9910
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20233-9910
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 789-2234

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
South Atlantic Bight, Georgia Bight, Sapelo Sound, Georgia, USA.

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Resource_Description: APR96FER Cruise Report
Distribution_Liability: None
Custom_Order_Process:
Contact the distributor for a paper copy of the technical report, or the data can be accessed on-line at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19980928
Metadata_Review_Date: 19981001
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crs@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Metadata_Standard_Name:
Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata.
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Generated by mp on Thu Oct 29 09:34:18 1998