NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise APR98SAB: South Atlantic Bight Cruise

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ajit Subramaniam, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: David Eslinger, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator:
Patricia A. Tester, NOAA, NOS Southeast Fisheries Science Center
Originator: Elin Haugen, NOAA, NOS Southeast Fisheries Science Center
Originator: Richard P. Stumpf, USGS Center for Coastal Geology
Originator: Mary E. Culver, TPMC, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Ruth W. Kiambo, SeaGrant, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise APR98SAB: South Atlantic Bight Cruise
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Series_Information:
Series_Name: CSC Technical Report
Issue_Identification: CSC/11-98/001
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina
Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/apr98sab/index.html
Description:
Abstract:
The algorithms for the calculation of chlorophyll a concentrations in the coastal waters of the U.S. need to be verified for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) on board the SeaStar spacecraft. This requires precise optical measurements below the sea surface in coastal waters from which remote sensing reflectance, downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance can be calculated. Scientists from the Southeast Fisheries Science Center at NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service undertook twenty-five-day cruise from Beaufort, North Carolina to Jacksonville, Florida, the South-Atlantic Bight. A total of 30 stations were occupied between April 3, 1998 and April 27, 1998. In-situ measurements of temperature, spectral downwelling irradiance, and spectral upwelling radiance were made along with above surface spectral downwelling irradiance. Surface chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton pigment, and total suspended sediments were also measured.
Purpose:
The objectives of this cruise were to obtain sub-surface downwelling irradiance, upwelling radiance, chlorophyll pigment concentration and total suspended sediment solids concentration in coastal waters. The remote sensing reflectance calculated from these measurements were used to evaluate and validate the SeaWiFS OC2 algorithm.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19980403
Ending_Date: 19980427
Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.3039
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.3044
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.6522
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.9303
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: oceanography
Theme_Keyword: bio-optical
Theme_Keyword: turbidity
Theme_Keyword: water clarity
Theme_Keyword: algal blooms
Theme_Keyword: coastal water optics
Theme_Keyword: case II algorithms
Theme_Keyword: light attenuation
Theme_Keyword: reflectance difference
Theme_Keyword: in-situ optical profiling
Theme_Keyword: ocean color satellites
Theme_Keyword: coastal ocean algorithm development
Theme_Keyword: downwelling irradiance
Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: salinity
Theme_Keyword: spectral attenuation
Theme_Keyword: spectral absorption
Theme_Keyword: beam attenuation
Theme_Keyword: scalar quantum irradiance
Theme_Keyword: light scattering
Theme_Keyword: fluorescence
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: Georgia
Place_Keyword: Florida
Place_Keyword: South Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: United States
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Spring
Temporal_Keyword: April, 1998
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This data was acquired for scientific research and is applicable for algorithm validation purposes. Knowledge of in-water optics is expected of users for interpretation of the data. Users of this data are required to provide appropriate attribution in the form of co-authorship for any publications that use this data, unless formal permission to do otherwise is granted by NOAA/CSC.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Data_Set_Credit:
Master and crew of R/V Cape Hatteras. Sample processing was conducted by Elin Haugen at the NOAA/NOS Southeast Fisheries Science Center in Beaufort, NC. A NOAA Coastal Ocean Program grant to Dr. Tester and Dr. Rick Stumpf made this cruise possible.

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Refer to the Process Step section for specific calibration information. The primary instrumentation on the cruise are sent to the respective manufacturers for calibration at least once per year. Calibration certificates for the relevant instrumentation are available in the full written report. Secondary instrumentation were calibrated only upon purchase. Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer is conducted during the cruise by comparing the fluorescence reading of a series of samples placed in the instrument with the measured chlorophyll concentration measured by extracting the samples for laboratory analysis. Laboratory calibrations of the Turner Designs fluorometer and the HPLC are conducted as needed using known concentrations of purified photosynthetic pigment extracts (measured using a spectophotometer) purchased commercially or isolated from algal cultures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The PRR data was processed using the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) processing software. A least common denominator (LCD) file was created from the binary data files, the cast card files, the calibration files, and cruise notes. The LCD file header contains the metadata for the cast and includes information on the parameters sampled, parameters derived, filters used, and the statistical results of the regression used to extrapolate light to the sub-surface. An example header is presented in Appendix C. The pressure channel data was recalculated using an offset to adjust for the distance of the pressure sensor from the cosine collector. The tops and bottoms of the individual profiles were marked using an interactive Matlab( script and the corresponding record numbers were inserted into the LCD header section. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. Then the data was quality controlled using flags for data with tilt and roll angles greater than 10( (flag value greater than 0 in the "aq-1Tilt-1Roll" field), and records where the surface incident irradiance was not uniform (flag value greater than 0 in the "kq-1ed412" field). The temperature, transmissometer, and fluorometer data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins. Spectral attenuation coefficients were calculated for the optical channels over a five point moving window. Subsurface downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance were extrapolated to just below the surface using data from the top 3 meters. The statistics for calculation of subsurface irradiance and radiance are shown in Appendix B.
Completeness_Report:
Refer to the separate sections of Logical Consistency, Methodology, and Process Steps for descriptions of completeness of the data.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Shipboard Deployments and data collection
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: bio-optical data
Methodology_Keyword: depth profiles
Methodology_Keyword: spectral downwelling irradiance measurement
Methodology_Keyword: spectral upwelling radiance
Methodology_Keyword: temperature measurement
Methodology_Keyword: bottle sampling
Methodology_Keyword: CTD profiles
Methodology_Keyword: water sampling
Methodology_Keyword: Niskin bottles
Methodology_Description:
The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) was attached to a CTD cage was deployed off the starboard side of the boat, to measure in-situ spectral downwelling irradiance, spectral upwelling radiance, and temperature. Following the PRR cast a in-situ temperature, salinity, and density were measured with a Seabird SeaCat Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) instrument. Water samples for chlorophyll biomass, HPLC-determined photosynthetic pigments, and total suspended solids were obtained from a separate cast.
Methodology_Type:
Lab calibration of fluorometer and analysis of chlorophyll extracts.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophyll
Methodology_Keyword: fluorescence
Methodology_Keyword: fluorometer
Methodology_Keyword: extraction
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified chlorophyll a, dissolved in 90% acetone (10% water), was measured using a spectrophotometer and used to calibrate the Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter and stored in liquid nitrogen until lab analysis. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted in 10 ml of 90% acetone and left in a freezer (-20 C) overnight. After centrifugation, the chlorophyll concentration in the supernatant was measured using the fluorometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: HPLC calibration and analysis of phytoplankton pigments.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: photosynthetic pigments
Methodology_Keyword: high performance liquid chromatography
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophylls
Methodology_Keyword: carotenoids
Methodology_Keyword: chemotaxonomy
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified photosynthetic pigments were measured using a spectrophotometer. In a series of runs, known amounts (generally 1 to 100 ng) were injected into the HPLC to establish the retention time and define a calibration curve for each pigment. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter which was stored in liquid nitrogen. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted with 1.0 ml of 90% acetone, placed in the freezer overnight to extract. After centrifugation, 0.2 ml was injected into the HPLC to quantify the pigments present.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: S.W. Wright
Originator: S.W. Jeffrey
Originator: R.F.C. Mantoura
Originator: C.A. Llewellyn
Originator: T. Bjornland
Originator: D. Repeta
Originator: N. Welschmeyer
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Improved HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Marine Ecology Progress Series
Issue_Identification: Volume 77: 183-196.
Methodology_Type: Measurement of total suspended solids
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: total suspended solids
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a dried and pre-weighed Whatman GF/F filter. The filter was subsequently dried at 60C and re-weighed.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV-600s PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19980108
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV610 PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19980108
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of Satlantic SAS II MVD 7-channel Radiance Sensor system.
Process_Date: 19980122
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Satlantic, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3295 Barrington Street
City: Halifax
State_or_Province: Nova Scotia
Postal_Code: B3K 5X8
Country: Canada
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (902) 492-4780
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaCat CTD.
Process_Date: 1997
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1808 136th Place NE
City: Bellevue
State_or_Province: Washington
Postal_Code: 98005
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 643-9866

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
South Atlantic Bight, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, USA.

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Resource_Description: APR98SAB Cruise Report
Distribution_Liability: None
Custom_Order_Process:
Contact the distributor for a paper copy of the technical report, or the data can be accessed on-line at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19981026
Metadata_Review_Date: 19981026
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crs@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Metadata_Standard_Name:
Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata.
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Generated by mp on Thu Oct 29 09:58:03 1998