NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise FEB96LIT: Georgia Coast Cruise

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ajit Subramaniam, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center

Originator: John C. Brock, NOAA Coastal Services Center

Originator: James R. Nelson, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography

Originator: Mary Culver, NOAA Coastal Services Center

Originator: Mark Geesey, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center

Publication_Date: 1999

Title: NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise FEB96LIT: Georgia Coast Cruise

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina

Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center

Online_Linkage: <http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/feb96lit/index.html>

Description:

Abstract:

The Coastal Services Center's (CSC) Coastal Remote Sensing (CRS) program is involved with programs to validate satellite algorithms for ocean properties. CRS is involved with the effort to validate ocean color algorithms to derive chlorophyll concentrations from the NASA ocean color satellite, Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). This program is funded in part through a NASA Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies ( SIMBIOS) contract awarded to CRS and the Ocean Color Program at the NOAA NESDIS Office of Research and Applications. The development and validation of satellite algorithms requires ground truthing to ensure accuracy. For some satellite products, such as the sea surface temperature (SST), the ground truthing may be conducted using instruments affixed to oceanographic buoys. For other potential products, buoys may not be suitable for ground truthing, either because there are no available instruments to place on a buoy that will return adequate ground truth information (for example, for primary productivity) or because costs would be prohibitive. For optically derived products, such as turbidity or chlorophyll concentration, bio-fouling problems would require an expensive maintenance program. For these reasons, a ship-based program is often the most sensible method to develop new satellite based ocean products. In addition to information provided by CSC's instruments, the CRS team often works with other partners who provide complementary data and ship time.

Purpose:

The objective of this cruise was to obtain bio-optical data from diverse water types off the coast of Georgia, extending from coastal to open ocean regimes.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19960222

Ending_Date: 19960223

Currentness_Reference: Publication Date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.9523

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.4452

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.9172

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.4948

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: oceanography

Theme_Keyword: bio-optical

Theme_Keyword: turbidity

Theme_Keyword: water clarity

Theme_Keyword: algal blooms

Theme_Keyword: coastal water optics

Theme_Keyword: case II algorithms

Theme_Keyword: light attenuation

Theme_Keyword: reflectance difference

Theme_Keyword: in-situ optical profiling

Theme_Keyword: ocean color satellites

Theme_Keyword: coastal ocean algorithm development

Theme_Keyword: river plumes

Theme_Keyword: AVHRR

Theme_Keyword: downwelling irradiance

Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance

Theme_Keyword: temperature

Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll

Theme_Keyword: particulate absorption

Theme_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter

Theme_Keyword: salinity

Theme_Keyword: spectral attenuation

Theme_Keyword: spectral absorption

Theme_Keyword: beam attenuation

Theme_Keyword: scalar quantum irradiance

Theme_Keyword: light scattering

Theme_Keyword: fluorescence

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Georgia

Place_Keyword: Georgia Bight

Place_Keyword: South Atlantic Bight

Place_Keyword: United States

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Temporal_Keyword: Winter

Temporal_Keyword: February, 1996

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

This data was acquired for scientific research and is applicable for algorithm validation purposes. Knowledge of in-water optics is expected of users for interpretation of the data. Users of this data are required to provide appropriate attribution in the form of co-authorship for any publications that use this data, unless formal permission to do otherwise is granted by NOAA/CSC.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue

City: Charleston

State_or_Province: South Carolina

Postal_Code: 29405-2413

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@noaa.gov

Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F

Data_Set_Credit: Master and crew of R/V Bluefin

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Refer to the Process Step section for specific calibration information. The primary instrumentation on the cruise are sent to the respective manufacturers for calibration at least once per year. Calibration certificates for the relevant instrumentation are available in the full written report. Secondary instrumentation were calibrated only upon purchase. Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer is conducted during the cruise by comparing the fluorescence reading of a series of samples placed in the instrument with the measured chlorophyll concentration measured by extracting the samples for laboratory analysis. Laboratory calibrations of the Turner Designs fluorometer and the Hewlett Packard HPLC are conducted as needed using known concentrations of purified photosynthetic pigment extracts (measured using a spectophotometer) purchased commercially or isolated from algal cultures.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The Hydrolab Datasonde 3 Multiprobe logger had an internal data logger with a clock that time stamped each measurement and was set to sample every two minutes. A computer equipped with a Socket Communications PCMCIA card using Trimble Navigation's Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to log time, latitude, longitude, speed, and course of vessel. The clocks on the various computers were synchronized to GPS time and the time stamp on each measurement was used to merge the GPS location with the parameters measured. The PRR data was processed using the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) processing software. A least common denominator (LCD) file was created from the binary data files, the cast card files, the calibration files, and cruise notes. The LCD file header contains the metadata for the cast and includes information on the parameters sampled, parameters derived, filters used, and the statistical results of the regression used to extrapolate light to the sub-surface. The pressure channel data was recalculated using an offset to adjust for the distance of the pressure sensor from the cosine collector. The tops and bottoms of the individual profiles were marked using an interactive Matlab( script and the corresponding record numbers were inserted into the LCD header section. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. Then the data was quality controlled using flags for data with tilt and roll angles greater than 10( (flag value greater than 0 in the "aq-1Tilt-1Roll" field), and records where the surface incident irradiance was not uniform (flag value greater than 0 in the "kq-1ed412" field). The temperature, transmissometer, and fluorometer data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins. Spectral attenuation coefficients were calculated for the optical channels over a five point moving window. Subsurface downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance were extrapolated to just below the surface using data from the top 3 meters. The HydroScat-6 data were processed using IDL software. A calibrated data file was created using software provided by HOBI Labs, Inc. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. The data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins.

Completeness_Report:

Refer to the separate sections of Logical Consistency, Methodology, and Process Steps for descriptions of completeness of the data.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Shipboard Deployments and data collection

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: bio-optical data

Methodology_Keyword: depth profiles

Methodology_Keyword: spectral downwelling irradiance measurement

Methodology_Keyword: spectral upwelling radiance

Methodology_Keyword: temperature measurement

Methodology_Keyword: bottle sampling

Methodology_Keyword: CTD profiles

Methodology_Keyword: water sampling

Methodology_Keyword: Niskin bottles

Methodology_Description:

The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) cage was deployed off the stern of the boat, to measure in-situ spectral downwelling irradiance, spectral upwelling radiance, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, light scattering, quantum scalar irradiance, and beam attenuation. The alongtrack measurement system used the ship's seawater intake system and pump with the output redirected into a 5 gallon bucket located in the wet lab sink. A Datasonde III (Hydrolabs Inc.) was placed in the bucket and the water overflow was directed down the sink. The Datasonde was used to measure temperature, specific conductivity, and salinity. This instrument had an internal data logger with a clock that time stamped each measurement and was set to sample every two minutes. A SeaBird Inc. pump pushed the water through the SAFire. The Datasonde recorded temperature, salinity, pH, and turbidity (in NTU) every 5 minutes. A computer equipped with a Socket Communications PCMCIA card using Trimble Navigation's Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to log time, latitude, longitude, speed, and course of vessel. The clocks on the various computers were synchronized to GPS time and the time stamp on each measurement was used to merge the GPS location with the parameters measured. Water samples for chlorophyll biomass, HPLC-determined photosynthetic pigments, total suspended solids, and particulate and dissolved absorption were obtained from a separate cast using a Niskin bottle array.

Methodology_Type:

Lab calibration of fluorometer and analysis of chlorophyll extracts.

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: chlorophyll

Methodology_Keyword: fluorescence

Methodology_Keyword: fluorometer

Methodology_Keyword: extraction

Methodology_Description:

The concentration of purified chlorophyll a, dissolved in 90% acetone (10% water), was measured using a spectrophotometer and used to calibrate the Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter and stored in liquid nitrogen until lab analysis. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted in 10 ml of 90% acetone and left in a freezer (-20 C) overnight. After centrifugation, the chlorophyll concentration in the supernatant was measured using the fluorometer.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: T.R. Parsons

Originator: Y. Maita

Originator: C.M. Lalli

Publication_Date: 1984

Title:

A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA

Publisher: Pergamon Press

Methodology_Type: HPLC calibration and analysis of phytoplankton pigments.

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: photosynthetic pigments

Methodology_Keyword: high performance liquid chromatography

Methodology_Keyword: chlorophylls

Methodology_Keyword: carotenoids

Methodology_Keyword: chemotaxonomy

Methodology_Description:

The concentration of purified photosynthetic pigments were measured using a spectrophotometer. In a series of runs, known amounts (generally 1 to 100 ng) were injected into the HPLC to establish the retention time and define a calibration curve for each pigment. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter which was stored in liquid nitrogen. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted with 1.5 ml of 90% acetone, placed in the freezer overnight to extract. After centrifugation, 0.5 ml of the supernatant was diluted with 0.25 ml water. 0.5 ml was injected into the HPLC to quantify the pigments present.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: S.W. Wright

Originator: S.W. Jeffrey

Originator: R.F.C. Mantoura

Originator: C.A. Llewellyn

Originator: T. Bjornland

Originator: D. Repeta

Originator: N. Welschmeyer

Publication_Date: 1991

Title:

Improved HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Marine Ecology Progress Series

Issue_Identification: Volume 77: 183-196.

Methodology_Type: Measurement of total suspended solids

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: total suspended solids

Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter

Methodology_Description:

A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a dried and pre-weighed Whatman GF/F filter. The filter was subsequently dried at 60C and re-weighed.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: T.R. Parsons

Originator: Y. Maita

Originator: C.M. Lalli

Publication_Date: 1984

Title:

A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA

Publisher: Pergamon Press

Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of colored dissolved organic matter.

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter

Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum

Methodology_Description:

A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a GF/F filter into a glass Erlenmeyer flask The filtrate was refrigerated in amber glass bottles which had been rinsed with distilled water then baked in a muffle furnace at 450C. In the lab, the samples were filtered through a 0.2 um Nuclepore filter and the absorbance spectrum between 250 nm and 750 nm was measured using a 10 cm cuvette in a dual-beam spectrophotometer.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J.R. Nelson

Originator: S. Guarda

Publication_Date: 1995

Title:

Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research

Issue_Identification: Volume 100(C5): 8715-8732.

Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of suspended particulate matter.

Methodology_Identifier:

Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter

Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum

Methodology_Keyword: particulate absorption

Methodology_Description:

A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a Whatman GF/F filter. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured using a dual-beam spectrophotometer equipped with a scattered-transmittance accessory (end-on photomultiplier tube [PMT] with sample compartment and diffusing plate immediately in front of the PMT window in accordance with the SeaWiFS protocol. Beta correction for this specific instrument was determined using suspended versus filtered samples for cultured phytoplankton, and had a polynomial formulation. The filter was placed back on the filtration rig and soaked in methanol heated to 45C for 15 minutes to extract photosynthetic pigments. The methanol was pulled through the filter and the filter was rinsed with filtered seawater. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured again.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: D.A. Phinney

Originator: C.S. Yentsch

Publication_Date: 1991

Title:

On the contribution of particles to blue light attenuation in the sea.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Plankton Research

Issue_Identification: Volume 13, supplement: 143-152.

Citation_Information:

Originator: J.L. Mueller

Originator: R.W. Austin

Publication_Date: 1995

Title: Ocean optics protocols for SeaWiFS validation, Revision 1.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Issue_Identification: Volume 25, 66 pp.

Citation_Information:

Originator: J.R. Nelson

Originator: S. Guarda

Publication_Date: 1995

Title:

Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research

Issue_Identification: Volume 100 (C5): 8715-8732.

Citation_Information:

Originator: B.G. Mitchell

Publication_Date: 1990

Title:

Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient of aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique (QFT).

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Ocean Optics

Issue_Identification: X

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Orlando, Florida, USA

Publisher: SPIE

Citation_Information:

Originator: J.S. Cleveland

Originator: A.D. Weidermann

Publication_Date: 1993

Title:

Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: A multiple scattering correcting for glass fiber filters.

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography

Issue_Identification: Volume 38(6): 1321-1327.

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the ASD Spectroradiometer..

Process_Date: 1996

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 4760 Walnut Street

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80301

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 440-1375

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Calibration of the Biospherical Instruments QSP200 Quantum Scalar Radiometer.

Process_Date: 19960123

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 5340 Riley Street

City: San Diego

State_or_Province: California

Postal_Code: 92110-2621

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV-600s PRR Spectroradiometer.

Process_Date: 19960123

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 5340 Riley Street

City: San Diego

State_or_Province: California

Postal_Code: 92110-2621

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV610 PRR Spectroradiometer.

Process_Date: 19960123

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 5340 Riley Street

City: San Diego

State_or_Province: California

Postal_Code: 92110-2621

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Calibration of the Hydrolabs Datasonde-3 turbidity, conductivity, pH, DO, temperature probe.

Process_Date: 1995

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Hydrolab Corporation

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: physical

Address: 12921 Burnet Road

City: Austin

State_or_Province: Texas

Postal_Code: 78727

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 949-3766

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Calibration of the SAFire Spectral Absorption and Fluorescence Instrument.

Process_Date: 19951208

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: WET Labs, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 620 Applegate Street

City: Philomath

State_or_Province: Oregon

Postal_Code: 97370

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 929-5650

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech C660 Transmissometer.

Process_Date: 1995

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.

City: Corvallis

State_or_Province: Oregon

Postal_Code: 97330

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 757-9716

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech LSS Light Scattering Sensor.

Process_Date: 1995

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.

City: Corvallis

State_or_Province: Oregon

Postal_Code: 97330

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 757-9716

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer

Process_Date: 1996

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: A. Subramaniam

Contact_Organization: NOAA Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 4700 Silver Hill Road, Stop 9910

City: Washington

State_or_Province: District of Columbia

Postal_Code: 20233-9910

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 789-2234

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: , USA

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue

City: Charleston

State_or_Province: South Carolina

Postal_Code: 29405-2413

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov

Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F

Resource_Description: FEB96LIT Cruise Report

Distribution_Liability: None

Custom_Order_Process:

The data can be accessed on-line at <http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/.>

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 19990830

Metadata_Review_Date: 19990901

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: NOAA, Coastal Services Center

Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue

City: Charleston

State_or_Province: South Carolina

Postal_Code: 29405-2413

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crs@csc.noaa.gov

Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F

Metadata_Standard_Name:

Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata.

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998