NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise JUN97ME: Gulf of Maine Cruise

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ajit Subramaniam, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Dave Phinney, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Originator: W. B. Balch, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Originator: Mary E. Culver,TPMC, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Kirk J. Waters, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: John Brock, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise JUN97ME: Gulf of Maine Cruise
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina
Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/jun97me/index.html
Description:
Abstract:
Complete optical closure for irradiance attenuation and reflectance of the ocean requires measurements of both the inherent and apparent optical properties. In the last few years, new instrumentation has become available to measure the spectral backscattering coefficient. A suite of optical, physical, and biological data was collected to address issues of optical closure and to serve as ground-truth data for the OCTS ocean color sensor. The measurements included spectral irradiance, radiance, beam attenuation, absorption, and backscattering coefficients in the Gulf of Maine. In this paper we show preliminary results examining and comparing the optical data. Spectrophotometer measurements of spectral absorption are compared to in-situ measurements. The wavelength dependency of the in-situ measured backscattering coefficient is examined as a function of depth and compared with a modelled spectral shape. Apparent optical properties measured by a radiometer are compared with the absorption and scattering coefficients as a function of depth for one station.
Purpose:
The objective of this cruise was to obtain bio-optical data from diverse water types in the Gulf of Maine, extending from coastal, across the continental shelf, and into open ocean regimes.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19970603
Ending_Date: 19970610
Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.1263
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.3093
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.5723
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.3488
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: oceanography
Theme_Keyword: bio-optical
Theme_Keyword: turbidity
Theme_Keyword: water clarity
Theme_Keyword: algal blooms
Theme_Keyword: coastal water optics
Theme_Keyword: case II algorithms
Theme_Keyword: light attenuation
Theme_Keyword: reflectance difference
Theme_Keyword: in-situ optical profiling
Theme_Keyword: ocean color satellites
Theme_Keyword: coastal ocean algorithm development
Theme_Keyword: river plumes
Theme_Keyword: AVHRR
Theme_Keyword: downwelling irradiance
Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: particulate absorption
Theme_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Theme_Keyword: salinity
Theme_Keyword: spectral attenuation
Theme_Keyword: spectral absorption
Theme_Keyword: beam attenuation
Theme_Keyword: scalar quantum irradiance
Theme_Keyword: light scattering
Theme_Keyword: fluorescence
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine
Place_Keyword: Maine
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: United States
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Spring
Temporal_Keyword: June, 1997
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This data was acquired for scientific research and is applicable for algorithm validation purposes. Knowledge of in-water optics is expected of users for interpretation of the data. Users of this data are required to provide appropriate attribution in the form of co-authorship for any publications that use this data, unless formal permission to do otherwise is granted by NOAA/CSC.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Data_Set_Credit:
Master and crew of R/V Albatross. Chief scientist Jerry Prezisusio and the staff at the NOAA NMFS Northeast Science Center.

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Refer to the Process Step section for specific calibration information. The primary instrumentation on the cruise are sent to the respective manufacturers for calibration at least once per year. Calibration certificates for the relevant instrumentation are available in the full written report. Secondary instrumentation were calibrated only upon purchase. Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer is conducted during the cruise by comparing the fluorescence reading of a series of samples placed in the instrument with the measured chlorophyll concentration measured by extracting the samples for laboratory analysis. Laboratory calibrations of the Turner Designs fluorometer are conducted as needed using known concentrations of purified photosynthetic pigment extracts (measured using a spectophotometer) purchased commercially or isolated from algal cultures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The PRR data was processed using the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) processing software. A least common denominator (LCD) file was created from the binary data files, the cast card files, the calibration files, and cruise notes. The LCD file header contains the metadata for the cast and includes information on the parameters sampled, parameters derived, filters used, and the statistical results of the regression used to extrapolate light to the sub-surface. An example header is presented in Appendix C. The pressure channel data was recalculated using an offset to adjust for the distance of the pressure sensor from the cosine collector. The tops and bottoms of the individual profiles were marked using an interactive Matlab( script and the corresponding record numbers were inserted into the LCD header section. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. Then the data was quality controlled using flags for data with tilt and roll angles greater than 10( (flag value greater than 0 in the "aq-1Tilt-1Roll" field), and records where the surface incident irradiance was not uniform (flag value greater than 0 in the "kq-1ed412" field). The temperature, transmissometer, and fluorometer data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins. Spectral attenuation coefficients were calculated for the optical channels over a five point moving window. Subsurface downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance were extrapolated to just below the surface using data from the top 3 meters. The statistics for calculation of subsurface irradiance and radiance are shown in Appendix B. The HydroScat-6 data were processed using IDL software. A calibrated data file was created using software provided by HOBI Labs, Inc. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. The data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins.
Completeness_Report:
Refer to the separate sections of Logical Consistency, Methodology, and Process Steps for descriptions of completeness of the data.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Shipboard Deployments and data collection
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: bio-optical data
Methodology_Keyword: depth profiles
Methodology_Keyword: spectral downwelling irradiance measurement
Methodology_Keyword: spectral upwelling radiance
Methodology_Keyword: temperature measurement
Methodology_Keyword: bottle sampling
Methodology_Keyword: CTD profiles
Methodology_Keyword: water sampling
Methodology_Keyword: Niskin bottles
Methodology_Description:
The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) was attached to a CTD cage was deployed off the starboard side of the boat, to measure in-situ spectral downwelling irradiance, spectral upwelling radiance, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum scalar irradiance, and beam attenuation. The cage also contained a Hydro-Optics, Biology, and Instrumentation Laboratories, Inc. (HOBI Labs) HydroScat-6 spectral backscattering sensor. Water samples for chlorophyll biomass, total suspended solids, and particulate and dissolved absorption were obtained from a separate cast using a Niskin bottle array.
Methodology_Type:
Lab calibration of fluorometer and analysis of chlorophyll extracts.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophyll
Methodology_Keyword: fluorescence
Methodology_Keyword: fluorometer
Methodology_Keyword: extraction
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified chlorophyll a, dissolved in 90% acetone (10% water), was measured using a spectrophotometer and used to calibrate the Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter and stored in liquid nitrogen until lab analysis. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted in 10 ml of 90% acetone and left in a freezer (-20 C) overnight. After centrifugation, the chlorophyll concentration in the supernatant was measured using the fluorometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: Measurement of total suspended solids
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: total suspended solids
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a dried and pre-weighed Whatman GF/F filter. The filter was subsequently dried at 60C and re-weighed.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of colored dissolved organic matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a GF/F filter into a glass Erlenmeyer flask The filtrate was refrigerated in amber glass bottles which had been rinsed with distilled water then baked in a muffle furnace at 450C. In the lab, the samples were filtered through a 0.2 um Nuclepore filter and the absorbance spectrum between 250 nm and 750 nm was measured using a 10 cm cuvette in a dual-beam spectrophotometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100(C5): 8715-8732.
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of suspended particulate matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Keyword: particulate absorption
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a Whatman GF/F filter. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured using a dual-beam spectrophotometer equipped with a scattered-transmittance accessory (end-on photomultiplier tube [PMT] with sample compartment and diffusing plate immediately in front of the PMT window in accordance with the SeaWiFS protocol. Beta correction for this specific instrument was determined using suspended versus filtered samples for cultured phytoplankton, and had a polynomial formulation. The filter was placed back on the filtration rig and soaked in methanol heated to 45C for 15 minutes to extract photosynthetic pigments. The methanol was pulled through the filter and the filter was rinsed with filtered seawater. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured again.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.A. Phinney
Originator: C.S. Yentsch
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
On the contribution of particles to blue light attenuation in the sea.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plankton Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 13, supplement: 143-152.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.L. Mueller
Originator: R.W. Austin
Publication_Date: 1995
Title: Ocean optics protocols for SeaWiFS validation, Revision 1.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series
Issue_Identification: Volume 25, 66 pp.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100 (C5): 8715-8732.
Citation_Information:
Originator: B.G. Mitchell
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient of aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique (QFT).
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ocean Optics
Issue_Identification: X
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Orlando, Florida, USA
Publisher: SPIE
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.S. Cleveland
Originator: A.D. Weidermann
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: A multiple scattering correcting for glass fiber filters.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography
Issue_Identification: Volume 38(6): 1321-1327.
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the ASD Spectroradiometer..
Process_Date: 1996
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4760 Walnut Street
City: Boulder
State_or_Province: Colorado
Postal_Code: 80301
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 440-1375
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Biospherical Instruments QSP200 Quantum Scalar Radiometer.
Process_Date: 19970210
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical MER-2041 MER Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19970406
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical MER-2048 MER Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19970703
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV-600s PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19970210
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV610 PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19970210
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Hydroscat6 in situ Backscattering Sensor.
Process_Date: 19970527
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: HOBI Labs
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 55 Penny Lane, Suite 104
City: Watsonville
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 95076-6017
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (408) 768-0680
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Hydrolabs Datasonde-3 turbidity, conductivity, pH, DO, temperature probe.
Process_Date: 19980108
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Hydrolab Corporation
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: physical
Address: 12921 Burnet Road
City: Austin
State_or_Province: Texas
Postal_Code: 78727
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 949-3766
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of Satlantic SAS II MVD 7-channel Radiance Sensor system.
Process_Date: 19980122
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Satlantic, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3295 Barrington Street
City: Halifax
State_or_Province: Nova Scotia
Postal_Code: B3K 5X8
Country: Canada
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (902) 492-4780
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaCat CTD.
Process_Date: 19951012
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1808 136th Place NE
City: Bellevue
State_or_Province: Washington
Postal_Code: 98005
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 643-9866
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech C660 Transmissometer.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech LSS Light Scattering Sensor.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Sequoia LISST-100 Particle Size Analyzer.
Process_Date: 19961113
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sequoia Scientific, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 9725 SE 36th Street, Suite 404
City: Mercer Island
State_or_Province: Washington
Postal_Code: 98040
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 230-8166
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the AC-9 Spectral Absorption and Attenuation meter.
Process_Date: 19960821
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: WET Labs, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 620 Applegate Street
City: Philomath
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97370
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 929-5650
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the SAFire Spectral Absorption and Fluorescence Instrument.
Process_Date: 19951208
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: WET Labs, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 620 Applegate Street
City: Philomath
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97370
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 929-5650
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer
Process_Date: 1998
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: A. Subramaniam
Contact_Organization: NOAA Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4700 Silver Hill Road, Stop 9910
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20233-9910
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 789-2234
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Microtops II Sun Photometer
Process_Date: 199705
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Solar Light Company, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
City: Philadelphia
State_or_Province: Pennsylvania
Postal_Code: 19126
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone:
(212) 927-4206

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
South Atlantic Bight, South Carolina, USA, Gulf Stream, Sargasso Sea

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Resource_Description: NOV97SAR Cruise Report
Distribution_Liability: None
Custom_Order_Process:
The data can be accessed on-line at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19980930
Metadata_Review_Date: 19981026
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crs@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Metadata_Standard_Name:
Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata.
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Generated by mp on Thu Oct 29 11:04:09 1998