NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise MAY96NY: New York Bight Apex Cruise

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ajit Subramaniam, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Edward M. Armstrong, TPMC, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Kirk J. Waters, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: John C. Brock, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator: Andrew W. Meredith, REMSA, NOAA Coastal Services Center
Originator:
Robert O. Ranheim, New York City Department of Environmental Protection
Publication_Date: 199706
Title: NOAA CSC/CRS Cruise MAY96NY: New York Bight Apex Cruise
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: profile
Series_Information:
Series_Name: CSC Technical Report
Issue_Identification: CSC/6-97/001
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina
Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/may96ny/index.html
Description:
Abstract:
The Hudson River is a major source of freshwater to the coastal ocean of the northeastern United States. It flows through the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populated regions in the country. The average freshwater discharge at the Battery for the Hudson River in 1991 was 27,000 cubic feet per second, of which 5,300 cubic feet per second was municipal waste water. Thus, water quality in the New York Harbor and in the bight apex are of concern to coastal resource managers. Ocean color satellites provide daily synoptic data of the region and could be of significant value to both scientists and resource managers. In order to be able to use satellite ocean color data in these urban estuaries, robust algorithms that work in case II waters are required. To construct such algorithms, there is a need to understand the spatial and temporal variability in the optical properties of the local waters. Measurements of surface spectral absorption, attenuation, chlorophyll pigment biomass, particulate absorption, and dissolved organic material absorption were made during a cruise on May 14 and 15, 1996, in the New York Bight Apex. Water column profiles of temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, scattering, beam transmittance, upwelling radiance, and downwelling irradiance were made at 10 stations around the Ambrose Light Tower and across the Hudson River plume. The measurements revealed that coastal waters influenced by rivers have complex optical properties. The Hudson River plume could be identified by higher attenuation and absorption of light. The plume could be seen in reflectance difference images constructed using bands 1 and 2 of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer.
Purpose:
The primary objective of this cruise was to collect bio-optical data to support regional case II algorithm development. A secondary objective was to validate Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived products such as the diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically available radiation (KPAR) and the beam attenuation coefficient (C660).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19960514
Ending_Date: 19960515
Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.053
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.823
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.620
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.445
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: oceanography
Theme_Keyword: bio-optical
Theme_Keyword: turbidity
Theme_Keyword: water clarity
Theme_Keyword: algal blooms
Theme_Keyword: coastal water optics
Theme_Keyword: case II algorithms
Theme_Keyword: light attenuation
Theme_Keyword: reflectance difference
Theme_Keyword: in-situ optical profiling
Theme_Keyword: ocean color satellites
Theme_Keyword: coastal ocean algorithm development
Theme_Keyword: downwelling irradiance
Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: particulate absorption
Theme_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Theme_Keyword: salinity
Theme_Keyword: spectral attenuation
Theme_Keyword: spectral absorption
Theme_Keyword: beam attenuation
Theme_Keyword: scalar quantum irradiance
Theme_Keyword: light scattering
Theme_Keyword: fluorescence
Theme_Keyword: river plumes
Theme_Keyword: AVHRR
Theme_Keyword: resuspended sediments
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Ambrose Light Tower
Place_Keyword: Hudson River
Place_Keyword: New York Bight Apex
Place_Keyword: New York Harbor
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: United States
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Spring
Temporal_Keyword: May, 1996
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This data was acquired for scientific research and is applicable for algorithm validation purposes. Knowledge of in-water optics is expected of users for interpretation of the data. Users of this data are required to provide appropriate attribution in the form of co-authorship for any publications that use this data, unless formal permission to do otherwise is granted by NOAA/CSC.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Data_Set_Credit:
We thank Rodney Riley and Ed Kearns, Computer Sciences Corporation - National Data Buoy Center Technical Services Contractors, for assistance in the field work. We also acknowledge assistance provided by the master and crew of HSV Osprey, New York City Department of Environmental Conservation. The chlorophyll and absorption sample analyses were performed by David and Douglas Phinney, Jeff Brown, and Sara Woodman, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine.

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Refer to the Process Step section for specific calibration information. The primary instrumentation on the cruise are sent to the respective manufacturers for calibration at least once per year. Calibration certificates for the relevant instrumentation are available in the full written report. Secondary instrumentation were calibrated only upon purchase. Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer is conducted during the cruise by comparing the fluorescence reading of a series of samples placed in the instrument with the measured chlorophyll concentration measured by extracting the samples for laboratory analysis. Laboratory calibrations of the Turner Designs fluorometer are conducted as needed using known concentrations of purified photosynthetic pigment extracts (measured using a spectophotometer) purchased commercially or isolated from algal cultures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The PRR data was processed using the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) processing software. A least common denominator (LCD) file was created from the binary data files, the cast card files, the calibration files, and cruise notes. The LCD file header contains the metadata for the cast and includes information on the parameters sampled, parameters derived, filters used, and the statistical results of the regression used to extrapolate light to the sub-surface. An example header is presented in Appendix C. The pressure channel data was recalculated using an offset to adjust for the distance of the pressure sensor from the cosine collector. The tops and bottoms of the individual profiles were marked using an interactive Matlab( script and the corresponding record numbers were inserted into the LCD header section. Data less than the dark threshold was replaced by -9.9x1035. Then the data was quality controlled using flags for data with tilt and roll angles greater than 10( (flag value greater than 0 in the "aq-1Tilt-1Roll" field), and records where the surface incident irradiance was not uniform (flag value greater than 0 in the "kq-1ed412" field). The temperature, transmissometer, and fluorometer data were despiked, in two passes, with a difference threshold. A moving average was calculated for these channels. The data were separated into upcast and downcast profiles and then binned to 0.5-m bins. Spectral attenuation coefficients were calculated for the optical channels over a five point moving window. Subsurface downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance were extrapolated to just below the surface using data from the top 3 meters. The statistics for calculation of subsurface irradiance and radiance are shown in Appendix B.
Completeness_Report:
Refer to the separate sections of Logical Consistency, Methodology, and Process Steps for descriptions of completeness of the data.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Shipboard Deployments and data collection
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: bio-optical data
Methodology_Keyword: depth profiles
Methodology_Keyword: spectral downwelling irradiance measurement
Methodology_Keyword: spectral upwelling radiance
Methodology_Keyword: temperature measurement
Methodology_Keyword: bottle sampling
Methodology_Keyword: CTD profiles
Methodology_Keyword: water sampling
Methodology_Keyword: Niskin bottles
Methodology_Description:
The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) cage was deployed off the stern of the boat to measure in-situ spectral downwelling irradiance, spectral upwelling radiance, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, light scattering, quantum scalar irradiance, and beam attenuation. In-situ temperature, salinity, and density were also measured at some stations with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) instrument. Water from about 1 meter below the sea surface was pumped through a hose with a Y connector using a bilge pump at about 10 gallons a minute. One hose from the Y connector was attached to a WETLabs AC-9. The AC-9 was used to measure absorption and beam attenuation at 412, 440, 488, 510, 532, 555, 650, 676, and 715 nm. The filters were narrow band with 10 nm FWHM. A computer running the WETView software was used to log data at 6 Hertz (Hz) from the AC-9 and each measurement was time stamped. Because the same computer was used to acquire data from the PRR cage, the AC-9 was used only while underway between stations. The AC-9 was strapped inside a bucket and the overflow from this instrument into the bucket was used to maintain it at ambient sea water temperature. Another hose from the Y connector was used to fill a bucket in which a Hydrolab Datasonde 3 Multiprobe logger was immersed. The Datasonde was used to measure temperature, specific conductivity, and salinity. This instrument had an internal data logger with a clock that time stamped each measurement and was set to sample every two minutes. A computer equipped with a Socket Communications PCMCIA card using Trimble Navigation's Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to log time, latitude, longitude, speed, and course of vessel. The clocks on the various computers were synchronized to GPS time and the time stamp on each measurement was used to merge the GPS location with the parameters measured. Water samples for chlorophyll biomass and particulate and dissolved absorption were obtained from a separate cast using a Niskin bottle array.
Methodology_Type:
Lab calibration of fluorometer and analysis of chlorophyll extracts.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: chlorophyll
Methodology_Keyword: fluorescence
Methodology_Keyword: fluorometer
Methodology_Keyword: extraction
Methodology_Description:
The concentration of purified chlorophyll a, dissolved in 90% acetone (10% water), was measured using a spectrophotometer and used to calibrate the Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Aboard ship, a measured volume of seawater was filtered onto a Whatman GF/F filter and stored in liquid nitrogen until lab analysis. In the lab the filter was ground and extracted in 10 ml of 90% acetone and left in a freezer (-20 C) overnight. After centrifugation, the chlorophyll concentration in the supernatant was measured using the fluorometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: T.R. Parsons
Originator: Y. Maita
Originator: C.M. Lalli
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
A manual for Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York, USA
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of colored dissolved organic matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: colored dissolved organic matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a GF/F filter into a glass Erlenmeyer flask The filtrate was refrigerated in amber glass bottles which had been rinsed with distilled water then baked in a muffle furnace at 450C. In the lab, the samples were filtered through a 0.2 um Nuclepore filter and the absorbance spectrum between 250 nm and 750 nm was measured using a 10 cm cuvette in a dual-beam spectrophotometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100(C5): 8715-8732.
Methodology_Type: Absorption measurement of suspended particulate matter.
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: suspended particulate matter
Methodology_Keyword: absorption spectrum
Methodology_Keyword: particulate absorption
Methodology_Description:
A measured volume of seawater was filtered through a Whatman GF/F filter. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured using a dual-beam spectrophotometer equipped with a scattered-transmittance accessory (end-on photomultiplier tube [PMT] with sample compartment and diffusing plate immediately in front of the PMT window in accordance with the SeaWiFS protocol. Beta correction for this specific instrument was determined using suspended versus filtered samples for cultured phytoplankton, and had a polynomial formulation. The filter was placed back on the filtration rig and soaked in methanol heated to 45C for 15 minutes to extract photosynthetic pigments. The methanol was pulled through the filter and the filter was rinsed with filtered seawater. The absorbance spectrum between 250 and 850 nm was measured again.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.A. Phinney
Originator: C.S. Yentsch
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
On the contribution of particles to blue light attenuation in the sea.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plankton Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 13, supplement: 143-152.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.L. Mueller
Originator: R.W. Austin
Publication_Date: 1995
Title: Ocean optics protocols for SeaWiFS validation, Revision 1.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series
Issue_Identification: Volume 25, 66 pp.
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.R. Nelson
Originator: S. Guarda
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Particulate and dissolved spectral absorption on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: Volume 100 (C5): 8715-8732.
Citation_Information:
Originator: B.G. Mitchell
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient of aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique (QFT).
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ocean Optics
Issue_Identification: X
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Orlando, Florida, USA
Publisher: SPIE
Citation_Information:
Originator: J.S. Cleveland
Originator: A.D. Weidermann
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: A multiple scattering correcting for glass fiber filters.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography
Issue_Identification: Volume 38(6): 1321-1327.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Biospherical Instruments QSP200 Quantum Scalar Radiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV-600s PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the Biospherical PRV610 PRR Spectroradiometer.
Process_Date: 19960326
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Biospherical Instruments, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 5340 Riley Street
City: San Diego
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 92110-2621
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (619) 686-1888
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the Hydrolabs Datasonde-3 turbidity, conductivity, pH, DO, temperature probe.
Process_Date: 199508
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Hydrolab Corporation
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: physical
Address: 12921 Burnet Road
City: Austin
State_or_Province: Texas
Postal_Code: 78727
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 949-3766
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaCat CTD.
Process_Date: 19951012
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1808 136th Place NE
City: Bellevue
State_or_Province: Washington
Postal_Code: 98005
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 643-9866
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech C660 Transmissometer.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the SeaTech LSS Light Scattering Sensor.
Process_Date: 1995
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Sea Tech, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 825 NE Circle Blvd.
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97330
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 757-9716
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calibration of the AC-9 Spectral Absorption and Attenuation meter.
Process_Date: 19951121
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: WET Labs, Inc.
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 620 Applegate Street
City: Philomath
State_or_Province: Oregon
Postal_Code: 97370
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 929-5650
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Calibration of the WetStar in situ Fluorometer
Process_Date: 1996
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: A. Subramaniam
Contact_Organization: NOAA Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4700 Silver Hill Road, Stop 9910
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20233-9910
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 789-2234

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Hudson River Estuary, New York Bight Apex, New York, USA

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csc@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Resource_Description: MAY96NY Cruise Report
Distribution_Liability: None
Custom_Order_Process:
Contact the distributor for a paper copy of the technical report, or the data can be accessed on-line at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cruises/.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19980930
Metadata_Review_Date: 19981001
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NOAA, Coastal Services Center
Contact_Position: Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 Hobson Avenue
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29405-2413
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (843) 740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crs@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8AM-5PM, M-F
Metadata_Standard_Name:
Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata.
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Generated by mp on Thu Oct 29 11:11:58 1998