{"_index":"metadata_v1","_type":"_doc","_id":"gov.noaa.nodc:0290482","_version":1,"_seq_no":57428837,"_primary_term":164,"_ignored":["purpose.keyword","processStep.keyword"],"found":true,"_source":{"fileid":"gov.noaa.nodc:0290482","title":"National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic Cover Derived from Analysis of Benthic Images Collected during Stratified Random Surveys (StRS) across American Samoa from 2023-03-30 to 2023-08-09 (NCEI Accession 0290482)","description":"The data described here resulted from benthic photo-quadrat surveys conducted along transects at stratified random sites across American Samoa in 2023 as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys for corals and fish. Benthic habitat imagery was quantitatively analyzed using the web-based annotation tool CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2016). 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The NCRMP is intended to coordinate various Coral Reef Conservation Coral Reef Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA will be able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis.\n\nThe National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) is a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach will consolidate monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. NCRMP is funded by the CRCP and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), and many other partners. The Ecosystem Sciences Division at NOAA Fisheries is leading biological monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region.\n\nThe biological component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a triennial ecological characterization at a broad spatial scale of general reef condition for reef fishes, corals and benthic habitat (i.e., fish species composition/density/size, benthic cover, and coral density/size/condition). Innovative analysis techniques are then used to develop products that give fellow scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region’s resources and how they are changing over time.","processStep":["Parameter or Variable: BENTHIC COMMUNITIES (measured); \nUnits: unitless; \nObservation Category: visual estimate; \nSampling Instrument: photograph; \nSampling and Analyzing Method: Benthic habitat images collected during photoquadrat surveys are quantitatively analyzed visually with the assistance of a web-based, machine-learning, image annotation tool, CoralNet. The robot tool annotates ten random points on each image for a total of 300 points per site, which are then reviewed by human analysts. The human annotations are then used to train the robot. This data is the final form of the robot-assisted human annotations.  Taxa identification occurs at three functional group levels of benthic cover. Tier 1 (e.g., coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Coral = massive hard coral, branching hard coral, foliose hard coral, encrusting hard coral, etc.; Macroalga = upright macroalgae), and Tier 3 (e.g., Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). If Tier 3 resolution is not possible, the next finest resolution is used.; \nData Quality Method: ACCURACY: 1) Each analyst is required to complete training and a calibration exercise prior to image analysis (classification/annotation), and follows the Benthic Image Analysis Standard Operating Procedure (Lozada-Misa et al. 2017). For a calibration exercise, a subset of photos (~100-150) are selected from the production series and CoralNet assigns 10 random fixed points per photo. Each analyst classifies the same set of points for each of the photos used in the calibration exercise. The goal of the calibration exercise is to assess inter-observer variability. 2) Handheld GPS units were used to locate random sites and mark site locations. COMPLETENESS REPORT: The data set derived from the image analysis is as good as the images themselves; poor images with low contrast, inappropriate white balance, or out of focus may have to be discarded. Therefore, benthic estimates for some sites may derive from differing numbers of points between sites. Although the analysis process is statistically robust to allow for differing n (points) between sites, users should be aware of this limitation.."],"links_s":["https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact","https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/","https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0290482","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/290482","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/290482","https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact"],"apiso_Identifier_s":"gov.noaa.nodc:0290482","apiso_Title_txt":"National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic Cover Derived from Analysis of Benthic Images Collected during Stratified Random Surveys (StRS) across American Samoa from 2023-03-30 to 2023-08-09 (NCEI Accession 0290482)","apiso_Abstract_txt":"The data described here resulted from benthic photo-quadrat surveys conducted along transects at stratified random sites across American Samoa in 2023 as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys for corals and fish. 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</gmd:electronicMailAddress>\n                    </gmd:CI_Address>\n                  </gmd:address>\n                </gmd:CI_Contact>\n              </gmd:contactInfo>\n              <gmd:role>\n                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"principalInvestigator\">principalInvestigator</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n              </gmd:role>\n            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n          </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n          <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n              <gmd:individualName>\n                <gco:CharacterString>Lori Luers</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:individualName>\n              <gmd:organisationName>\n                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1866\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division</gmx:Anchor>\n              </gmd:organisationName>\n              <gmd:contactInfo>\n                <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  <gmd:address>\n                    <gmd:CI_Address>\n                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>\n                        <gco:CharacterString>lori.luers@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>\n                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>\n                    </gmd:CI_Address>\n                  </gmd:address>\n                </gmd:CI_Contact>\n              </gmd:contactInfo>\n              <gmd:role>\n                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"pointOfContact\">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n              </gmd:role>\n            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n          </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n          <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n   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        <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  <gmd:onlineResource>\n                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                      <gmd:linkage>\n                        <gmd:URL>https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/</gmd:URL>\n                      </gmd:linkage>\n                      <gmd:protocol>\n                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                      </gmd:protocol>\n                      <gmd:name>\n                        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website</gco:CharacterString>\n                      </gmd:name>\n                      <gmd:description>\n                        <gco:CharacterString>Institution web page</gco:CharacterString>\n                      </gmd:description>\n                      <gmd:function>\n                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                      </gmd:function>\n                    </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                  </gmd:onlineResource>\n                </gmd:CI_Contact>\n              </gmd:contactInfo>\n              <gmd:role>\n                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"contributor\">contributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n              </gmd:role>\n            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n          </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n          <gmd:presentationForm>\n            <gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_PresentationFormCode\" codeListValue=\"tableDigital\">tableDigital</gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode>\n          </gmd:presentationForm>\n        </gmd:CI_Citation>\n      </gmd:citation>\n      <gmd:abstract>\n        <gco:CharacterString>The data described here resulted from benthic photo-quadrat surveys conducted along transects at stratified random sites across American Samoa in 2023 as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys for corals and fish. Benthic habitat imagery was quantitatively analyzed using the web-based annotation tool CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2016). Images were analyzed to produce three functional group levels of benthic cover:Benthic habitat images collected during photoquadrat surveys are quantitatively analyzed visually with the assistance of a web-based, machine-learning, image annotation tool, CoralNet. The robot tool annotates ten random points on each image for a total of 300 points per site, which are then reviewed by human analysts. The human annotations are then used to train the robot. This data is the final form of the robot-assisted human annotations.  Taxa identification occurs at three functional group levels of benthic cover. Tier 1 (e.g., coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Coral = massive hard coral, branching hard coral, foliose hard coral, encrusting hard coral, etc.; Macroalga = upright macroalgae), and Tier 3 (e.g., Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). If Tier 3 resolution is not possible, the next finest resolution is used.\n\nA stratified random sampling (StRS) design was employed to survey the coral reef ecosystems across the region. The survey domain encompassed the majority of the mapped area of reef and hard bottom habitats in the 0-30 m depth range. The stratification scheme included island, reef zone, and depth. Sampling effort was allocated based on strata area and sites were randomly located within strata. Sites were surveyed using photo-quadrats along transects to collect benthic imagery to ultimately produce estimates of relative abundance (benthic cover), frequency of occurrence, benthic community taxonomic composition and relative generic richness.\n\nThe StRS design effectively reduces estimate variance through stratification using environmental covariates and by sampling more sites rather than sampling more transects at a site. Therefore, site-level estimates and site to site comparisons should be used with caution.</gco:CharacterString>\n      </gmd:abstract>\n      <gmd:purpose>\n        <gco:CharacterString>The National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long-term approach to provide an ecosystem perspective via monitoring climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. The NCRMP is intended to coordinate various Coral Reef Conservation Coral Reef Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA will be able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis.\n\nThe National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) is a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach will consolidate monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. NCRMP is funded by the CRCP and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), and many other partners. The Ecosystem Sciences Division at NOAA Fisheries is leading biological monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region.\n\nThe biological component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a triennial ecological characterization at a broad spatial scale of general reef condition for reef fishes, corals and benthic habitat (i.e., fish species composition/density/size, benthic cover, and coral density/size/condition). Innovative analysis techniques are then used to develop products that give fellow scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region’s resources and how they are changing over time.</gco:CharacterString>\n      </gmd:purpose>\n      <gmd:credit>\n        <gco:CharacterString>Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program</gco:CharacterString>\n      </gmd:credit>\n      <gmd:status>\n        <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode\" codeListValue=\"pending\">pending</gmd:MD_ProgressCode>\n      </gmd:status>\n      <gmd:pointOfContact>\n        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n          <gmd:organisationName>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:organisationName>\n          <gmd:contactInfo>\n            <gmd:CI_Contact>\n              <gmd:address>\n                <gmd:CI_Address>\n                  <gmd:electronicMailAddress>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>ncei.info@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:electronicMailAddress>\n                </gmd:CI_Address>\n              </gmd:address>\n              <gmd:onlineResource>\n                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                  <gmd:linkage>\n                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact</gmd:URL>\n                  </gmd:linkage>\n                  <gmd:protocol>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:protocol>\n                  <gmd:name>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Contact Information</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:name>\n                  <gmd:description>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>Information for contacts at NCEI.</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:description>\n                  <gmd:function>\n                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                  </gmd:function>\n                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n              </gmd:onlineResource>\n            </gmd:CI_Contact>\n          </gmd:contactInfo>\n          <gmd:role>\n            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"pointOfContact\">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n          </gmd:role>\n        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n      </gmd:pointOfContact>\n      <gmd:resourceMaintenance>\n        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>\n          <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>\n   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</gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/692\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/302\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">CORAL REEF STUDIES</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/693\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"project\">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date gco:nilReason=\"inapplicable\"/>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/229\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/199\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">Rose Atoll Marine National Monument</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/107\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">South Pacific Ocean</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"place\">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date gco:nilReason=\"inapplicable\"/>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gco:CharacterString>oceanography</gco:CharacterString>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"theme\">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>WMO_CategoryCode</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date>\n                <gmd:CI_Date>\n                  <gmd:date>\n                    <gco:Date>2012-09-15</gco:Date>\n                  </gmd:date>\n                  <gmd:dateType>\n                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"publication\">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>\n                  </gmd:dateType>\n                </gmd:CI_Date>\n              </gmd:date>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/85c2a291-71e2-4b51-811b-e469ed6c065c\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">DOC/NOAA/NMFS &gt; National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/e70ba1f9-0c6a-4a8b-8d67-47cdd08173bf\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD &gt; Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"dataCentre\">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date>\n                <gmd:CI_Date>\n                  <gmd:date>\n                    <gco:Date>2023</gco:Date>\n                  </gmd:date>\n                  <gmd:dateType>\n                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"revision\">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>\n                  </gmd:dateType>\n                </gmd:CI_Date>\n              </gmd:date>\n              <gmd:edition>\n                <gco:CharacterString>17</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:edition>\n              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n                  <gmd:organisationName>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:organisationName>\n                  <gmd:contactInfo>\n                    <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                      <gmd:address>\n                        <gmd:CI_Address>\n                          <gmd:city>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:city>\n                          <gmd:administrativeArea>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:administrativeArea>\n                        </gmd:CI_Address>\n                      </gmd:address>\n                      <gmd:onlineResource>\n                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                          <gmd:linkage>\n                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>\n                          </gmd:linkage>\n                          <gmd:protocol>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:protocol>\n                          <gmd:name>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:name>\n                          <gmd:description>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:description>\n                          <gmd:function>\n                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                          </gmd:function>\n                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                      </gmd:onlineResource>\n                    </gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  </gmd:contactInfo>\n                  <gmd:role>\n                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"custodian\">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n                  </gmd:role>\n                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/09a78997-581b-4d1b-ae71-b2b3f96ef719\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOSPHERE &gt; ECOSYSTEMS &gt; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS &gt; BENTHIC</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"theme\">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date>\n                <gmd:CI_Date>\n                  <gmd:date>\n                    <gco:Date>2023</gco:Date>\n                  </gmd:date>\n                  <gmd:dateType>\n                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"revision\">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>\n                  </gmd:dateType>\n                </gmd:CI_Date>\n              </gmd:date>\n              <gmd:edition>\n                <gco:CharacterString>17</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:edition>\n              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n                  <gmd:organisationName>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:organisationName>\n                  <gmd:contactInfo>\n                    <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                      <gmd:address>\n                        <gmd:CI_Address>\n                          <gmd:city>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:city>\n                          <gmd:administrativeArea>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:administrativeArea>\n                        </gmd:CI_Address>\n                      </gmd:address>\n                      <gmd:onlineResource>\n                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                          <gmd:linkage>\n                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>\n                          </gmd:linkage>\n                          <gmd:protocol>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:protocol>\n                          <gmd:name>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:name>\n                          <gmd:description>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:description>\n                          <gmd:function>\n                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                          </gmd:function>\n                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                      </gmd:onlineResource>\n                    </gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  </gmd:contactInfo>\n                  <gmd:role>\n                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"custodian\">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n                  </gmd:role>\n                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/1bb21d0f-bf48-42b5-8e09-cc0d58407e4a\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">Ships</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"platform\">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date>\n                <gmd:CI_Date>\n                  <gmd:date>\n                    <gco:Date>2023</gco:Date>\n                  </gmd:date>\n                  <gmd:dateType>\n                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"revision\">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>\n                  </gmd:dateType>\n                </gmd:CI_Date>\n              </gmd:date>\n              <gmd:edition>\n                <gco:CharacterString>17</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:edition>\n              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n                  <gmd:organisationName>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:organisationName>\n                  <gmd:contactInfo>\n                    <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                      <gmd:address>\n                        <gmd:CI_Address>\n                          <gmd:city>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:city>\n                          <gmd:administrativeArea>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:administrativeArea>\n                        </gmd:CI_Address>\n                      </gmd:address>\n                      <gmd:onlineResource>\n                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                          <gmd:linkage>\n                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>\n                          </gmd:linkage>\n                          <gmd:protocol>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:protocol>\n                          <gmd:name>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:name>\n                          <gmd:description>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:description>\n                          <gmd:function>\n                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                          </gmd:function>\n                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                      </gmd:onlineResource>\n                    </gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  </gmd:contactInfo>\n                  <gmd:role>\n                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"custodian\">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n                  </gmd:role>\n                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/315R\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">RAINIER (call sign: WTEF, ICES code: 315R, 1968)</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"platform\">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date gco:nilReason=\"inapplicable\"/>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n        <gmd:MD_Keywords>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d4db292f-3097-4843-a6c5-291cf993bea9\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; AMERICAN SAMOA</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:keyword>\n            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href=\"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed\" xlink:actuate=\"onRequest\">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>\n          </gmd:keyword>\n          <gmd:type>\n            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"place\">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>\n          </gmd:type>\n          <gmd:thesaurusName>\n            <gmd:CI_Citation>\n              <gmd:title>\n                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:title>\n              <gmd:date>\n                <gmd:CI_Date>\n                  <gmd:date>\n                    <gco:Date>2023</gco:Date>\n                  </gmd:date>\n                  <gmd:dateType>\n                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode\" codeListValue=\"revision\">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>\n                  </gmd:dateType>\n                </gmd:CI_Date>\n              </gmd:date>\n              <gmd:edition>\n                <gco:CharacterString>17</gco:CharacterString>\n              </gmd:edition>\n              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n                  <gmd:organisationName>\n                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>\n                  </gmd:organisationName>\n                  <gmd:contactInfo>\n                    <gmd:CI_Contact>\n                      <gmd:address>\n                        <gmd:CI_Address>\n                          <gmd:city>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:city>\n                          <gmd:administrativeArea>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:administrativeArea>\n                        </gmd:CI_Address>\n                      </gmd:address>\n                      <gmd:onlineResource>\n                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                          <gmd:linkage>\n                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>\n                          </gmd:linkage>\n                          <gmd:protocol>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:protocol>\n                          <gmd:name>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:name>\n                          <gmd:description>\n                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>\n                          </gmd:description>\n                          <gmd:function>\n                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode\" codeListValue=\"information\">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>\n                          </gmd:function>\n                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>\n                      </gmd:onlineResource>\n                    </gmd:CI_Contact>\n                  </gmd:contactInfo>\n                  <gmd:role>\n                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode\" codeListValue=\"custodian\">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>\n                  </gmd:role>\n                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>\n              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>\n            </gmd:CI_Citation>\n          </gmd:thesaurusName>\n        </gmd:MD_Keywords>\n      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>\n      <gmd:resourceConstraints>\n        <gmd:MD_Constraints>\n          <gmd:useLimitation>\n            <gco:CharacterString>Data in this archival information package are not currently available for public download from NCEI. Please contact NCEI directly for access to these data.</gco:CharacterString>\n          </gmd:useLimitation>\n          <gmd:useLimitation>\n            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: Public</gco:CharacterString>\n          </gmd:useLimitation>\n        </gmd:MD_Constraints>\n      </gmd:resourceConstraints>\n      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title=\"NCEI Data Citation Statement\">\n        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>\n          <gmd:useConstraints>\n            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList=\"https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode\" codeListValue=\"otherRestrictions\">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>\n          </gmd:useConstraints>\n          <gmd:otherConstraints>\n            <gco:CharacterString>Cite as: Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2024). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic Cover Derived from Analysis of Benthic Images Collected during Stratified Random Surveys (StRS) across American Samoa from 2023-03-30 to 2023-08-09 (NCEI Accession 0290482). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Unpublished Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0290482. Accessed [date].</gco:CharacterString>\n          </gmd:otherConstraints>\n        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>\n      </gmd:resourceConstraints>\n      <gmd:resourceConstraints>\n        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>\n          <gmd:useLimitation>\n            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. 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The robot tool annotates ten random points on each image for a total of 300 points per site, which are then reviewed by human analysts. The human annotations are then used to train the robot. This data is the final form of the robot-assisted human annotations.  Taxa identification occurs at three functional group levels of benthic cover. Tier 1 (e.g., coral, soft coral, macroalgae, turf algae, etc.), Tier 2 (e.g., Coral = massive hard coral, branching hard coral, foliose hard coral, encrusting hard coral, etc.; Macroalga = upright macroalgae), and Tier 3 (e.g., Coral = Astreopora sp, Favia sp, Pocillopora, etc.; Macroalgae = Caulerpa sp, Dictyosphaeria sp, Padina sp, etc.). 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