{"xmlId":"78172","NOAAStudyId":"36953","studyName":"Flores Speleothem d18O records of Last Glacial Heinrich Events in the Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/zdyd-2730","uuid":"0c919fe3-705a-4fec-bf70-2bbf5f9baf11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Scroxton, N.; Gagan, M.K.; Ayliffe, L.K.; Hantoro, W.S.; Hellstrom, J.C.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Zhao, J.-x.; Suwargadi, B.W.; Rifai, H.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Nick","lastName":"Scroxton","initials":"N.","orcId":"0000-0003-2315-9199"},{"firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Gagan","initials":"M.K.","orcId":"0000-0002-8279-323X"},{"firstName":"Linda","lastName":"Ayliffe","initials":"L.K.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Wahyoe","lastName":"Hantoro","initials":"W.S.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"John","lastName":"Hellstrom","initials":"J.C.","orcId":"0000-0001-9427-3525"},{"firstName":"Hai","lastName":"Cheng","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-5305-9458"},{"firstName":"R. Lawrence","lastName":"Edwards","initials":"R.L.","orcId":"0000-0002-7027-5881"},{"firstName":"Jian-xin","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"J.-x.","orcId":"0000-0002-2413-6178"},{"firstName":"Bambang","lastName":"Suwargadi","initials":"B.W.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Hamdi","lastName":"Rifai","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-3967-5019"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","fundingGrant":"DP0663274, DP1095673, DP180103762"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1103403, 1702816, 2202913, 41731174, 41888101"}],"studyNotes":"Provided Keywords: speleothem, stalagmite, glacial, ITCZ","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36953","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-36953.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-36953.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Tropics","Monsoon","Heinrich Events","Hadley Circulation","Precipitation Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2022-10-13","entryId":"noaa-cave-36953","earliestYearBP":55746,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"earliestYearCE":-53796,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Scroxton, Nick, Michael K. Gagan, Linda K. Ayliffe, Wahyoe S. Hantoro, John C. Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Jian-xin Zhao, Bambang W. Suwargadi, and Hamdi Rifai"},"pubYear":2022,"title":"Antiphase response of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon to millennial-scale events of the last glacial period","journal":"Scientific Reports","volume":"12","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"reportNumber":"20214","citation":"Scroxton, Nick, Michael K. Gagan, Linda K. Ayliffe, Wahyoe S. Hantoro, John C. Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Jian-xin Zhao, Bambang W. Suwargadi, and Hamdi Rifai. 2022. Antiphase response of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon to millennial-scale events of the last glacial period. Scientific Reports, 12, 20214. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21843-8","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/s41598-022-21843-8","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21843-8"},"abstract":"Antiphase behaviour of monsoon systems in alternate hemispheres is well established at yearly and orbital scales in response to alternating sensible heating of continental landmasses. At intermediate timescales without a sensible heating mechanism both in-phase and antiphase behaviours of northern and southern hemisphere monsoon systems are recorded at different places and timescales. At present, there is no continuous, high resolution, precisely dated record of millennial-scale variability of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon during the last glacial period with which to test theories of paleomonsoon behaviour. Here, we present an extension of the Liang Luar, Flores, speleothem d18O record of past changes in southern hemisphere summer monsoon intensity back to 55.7 kyr BP. Negative d18O excursions (stronger monsoon) occur during Heinrich events whereas positive excursions (weaker monsoon) occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials  a first order antiphase relationship with northern hemisphere summer monsoon records. An association of negative d18O excursions with speleothem growth phases in Liang Luar suggests that these stronger monsoons are related to higher rainfall amounts. However, the response to millennial-scale variability is inconsistent, including a particularly weak response to Heinrich event 3. We suggest that additional drivers such as underlying orbital-scale variability and drip hydrology influence the d18O response.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22937","siteName":"Liang Luar Cave","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-8.536","120.446"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-8.536","northernmostLatitude":"-8.536","westernmostLongitude":"120.446","easternmostLongitude":"120.446","minElevationMeters":"570","maxElevationMeters":"570"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"LR09-J1 d18O Scroxton2022","NOAADataTableId":"49659","earliestYear":55746,"mostRecentYear":36612,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":55746,"mostRecentYearBP":36612,"earliestYearCE":-53796,"mostRecentYearCE":-34662,"coreLengthMeters":1,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/indonesia/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-lr09j1-d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"LR09-J1 d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"notes"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Independent linearly interpolated age model used for determining age uncertainty. U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>two standard deviations upper bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"2s error of independent linearly interpolated age model. The final ISCAM age model usually (but does not have to) fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_old"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>two standard deviations lower bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"2s error of independent linearly interpolated age model. The final ISCAM age model usually (but does not have to) fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_young"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control"]}]},{"dataTableName":"LR09-N1 d18O Scroxton2022","NOAADataTableId":"49660","earliestYear":14925,"mostRecentYear":10665,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":14925,"mostRecentYearBP":10665,"earliestYearCE":-12975,"mostRecentYearCE":-8715,"coreLengthMeters":0,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/indonesia/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-lr09n1-d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"LR09-N1 d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Independent linearly interpolated age model used for determining age uncertainty. U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>two standard deviations upper bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"2s error of independent linearly interpolated age model. The final ISCAM age model usually (but does not have to) fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_old"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>two standard deviations lower bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"2s error of independent linearly interpolated age model. The final ISCAM age model usually (but does not have to) fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_young"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"LR11-K5 d18O Scroxton2022","NOAADataTableId":"49661","earliestYear":39887,"mostRecentYear":12998,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":39887,"mostRecentYearBP":12998,"earliestYearCE":-37937,"mostRecentYearCE":-11048,"coreLengthMeters":0,"dataTableNotes":"hiatus at 256mm","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/indonesia/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-lr11k5-d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"LR11-K5 d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Independent linearly interpolated age model used for determining age uncertainty. 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The final ISCAM age model usually, but does not have to, fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_old"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>two standard deviations lower bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"2s error of independent linearly interpolated age model. The final ISCAM age model usually, but does not have to, fall within this error bound. U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"linage_uncert_young"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control"]}]},{"dataTableName":"FloresComposite d18O Scroxton2022","NOAADataTableId":"49662","earliestYear":55675,"mostRecentYear":25,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":55675,"mostRecentYearBP":25,"earliestYearCE":-53725,"mostRecentYearCE":1925,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Composite stalagmite d18O record, including raw and seawater corrected values.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/indonesia/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-composite-d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Composite d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"corrected","cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for changes in seawater d18O","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18Oswcorr"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"Liang Luar Updated Age Models Scroxton2022","NOAADataTableId":"49663","earliestYear":31312,"mostRecentYear":-59,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":31312,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"earliestYearCE":-29362,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"This data file contains updated age models for previously published stalagmites: LR06-B1, LR06-B3, LR07-E1, LR06-C2, LR06-C3, LR06-C5, LR06-C6. If using the updated age models please cite both this paper AND the relevent original paper. Those papers are: LR06-B1, LR06-B3: Griffiths, M. L. et al. Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise. Nat. Geosci. 2, 636-639. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo605 (2009). LR07-E1: Lewis, S. C. et al. High-resolution stalagmite reconstructions of Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall variability during Heinrich stadial 3 and Greenland interstadial 4. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 303, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.048 (2011). LR06-C2, LR06-C3, LR06-C5, LR06-C6: Ayliffe, L. K. et al. Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Nat. Commun. 4, 2908. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3908 (2013).","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/indonesia/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-agemodels.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Liang Luar Updated Age Models Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"name of section","cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"StalagmiteSection"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"Notes"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Depth"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"age from original study (Ayliffe/Griffiths/Lewis); U-Th series; ISCAM","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_AGL"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"ISCAM age from this study (Scroxton); U-Th series","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_Scroxton"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Linearly interpolated age model used for determining age uncertainty. 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