{"xmlId":"79530","NOAAStudyId":"38391","studyName":"Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/56vw-qg21","uuid":"9a8a35ac-747d-4681-8181-9cd2719ba366","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Lachniet, M.S.; Du, X.; Dee, S.G.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Tobin, B.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Lachniet","initials":"M.S.","orcId":"0000-0001-5250-0144"},{"firstName":"Xiaojing","lastName":"Du","initials":"X.","orcId":"0000-0001-9709-0732"},{"firstName":"Sylvia","lastName":"Dee","initials":"S.G.","orcId":"0000-0002-2140-785X"},{"firstName":"Yemane","lastName":"Asmerom","initials":"Y.","orcId":"0000-0003-3440-1294"},{"firstName":"Victor","lastName":"Polyak","initials":"V.J.","orcId":"0000-0002-2010-1066"},{"firstName":"Benjamin","lastName":"Tobin","initials":"B.","orcId":"0000-0002-0757-9946"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-1405546, 1405557"}],"studyNotes":"Provided Keywords: North American Monsoon; groundwater recharge; infiltration; uranium isotopes","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38391","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-38391.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-38391.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Younger Dryas","Monsoon","thermal maximum"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2023-08-03","entryId":"noaa-cave-38391","earliestYearBP":13959,"mostRecentYearBP":8484,"earliestYearCE":-12009,"mostRecentYearCE":-6534,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Lachniet, Matthew S.; Xiaojing Du; Sylvia G. Dee; Yemane Asmerom; Victor J. Polyak; Benjamin W. Tobin"},"pubYear":2023,"title":"Elevated Grand Canyon groundwater recharge during the warm Early Holocene","journal":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"16","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"915-921","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Lachniet, Matthew S.; Xiaojing Du; Sylvia G. Dee; Yemane Asmerom; Victor J. Polyak; Benjamin W. Tobin. 2023. Elevated Grand Canyon groundwater recharge during the warm Early Holocene. Nature Geoscience, 16, 915-921. doi: 10.1038/s41561-023-01272-6","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/s41561-023-01272-6","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01272-6"},"abstract":"Summer rainfall is an important contributor to water budgets in western North American deserts, where intense rainfall sustains ecosystems while also causing flash floods and damaging erosion. A better understanding of Grand Canyon paleoclimate and the long-term history of the summer monsoon from summer sensitive paleoclimate records will improve our ability to project future hydroclimatic changes under warmer conditions. Here we show multi-proxy evidence for an intensification of the Early Holocene (11,700 to 8200 years ago) hydrological cycle linked to a stronger and expanded summer North American Monsoon, from calcite oxygen and uranium isotopes in a uranium-series precisely-dated stalagmite from a Grand Canyon cave. Our results suggest that subsurface infiltration was greater in the Early Holocene than today at Grand Canyon. A data-model comparison with an isotope-enabled climate model suggests that enhanced infiltration was due to an Early Holocene monsoon intensification associated with rising atmospheric temperature. Projections of a future increase in precipitation intensity or more frequent and expanded North American monsoon rain events may paradoxically result in increased subsurface infiltration at Grand Canyon and other high-altitude plateaus, even within the context of western North American aridification in a hotter climate.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"60000","siteName":"Grand Canyon GC-1","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Arizona","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["36.055","-112.14"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"36.055","northernmostLatitude":"36.055","westernmostLongitude":"-112.14","easternmostLongitude":"-112.14","minElevationMeters":"2093","maxElevationMeters":"2093"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"GC-1 Stable Isotope Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50976","earliestYear":13959,"mostRecentYear":8533,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":13959,"mostRecentYearBP":8533,"earliestYearCE":-12009,"mostRecentYearCE":-6583,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Years before 2000 CE","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-gc-1-iso.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"GC-1 Stable Isotope Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_mm"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 0.03 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 0.08 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"COPRA d18O Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50977","earliestYear":13909,"mostRecentYear":8484,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":13909,"mostRecentYearBP":8484,"earliestYearCE":-11959,"mostRecentYearCE":-6534,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-copra-d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"COPRA d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Years before CE 1950","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_yrBP1950"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Years before CE 2000 (yr B2k)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_yrB2k"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 0.08 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Age: 2.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_2.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Age: 97.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_97.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"d18O: 2.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_2.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"d18O: 97.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_97.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Depth from top (mm)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Depth_from_top"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control"]}]},{"dataTableName":"COPRA d13C Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50978","earliestYear":13907,"mostRecentYear":8490,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":13907,"mostRecentYearBP":8490,"earliestYearCE":-11957,"mostRecentYearCE":-6540,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-copra-d13c.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"COPRA d13C Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Years before CE 1950","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_yrBP1950"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Years before CE 2000 (yr B2k)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_yrB2k"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 0.03 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Age: 2.5%-Quantile; Years before CE 2000","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_2.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Age: 97.5%-Quantile; Years before CE 2000","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age_97.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"d13C: 2.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C_2.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":"confidence interval>97.5% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"d13C: 97.5%-Quantile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C_97.5%-Quantile"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Depth from top (mm)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Depth_from_top"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"Water Isotope Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50979","earliestYear":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"timeUnit":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-water-iso.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Water Isotope Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"*PAW samples are from a different but nearby Cave in the Red Wall Formation","cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"sample"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"Description"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 3 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"dD"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision: 0.2 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H>deuterium excess","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"dx"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"Flagstaff precip isotope Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50980","earliestYear":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"timeUnit":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Precipitation amount-weighted monthly d18O values for Flagstaff, Arizona, from the IAEA Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation database (https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/gnip).","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-flag-prec-iso.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Flagstaff Precipitation Isotope Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jan","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Jan"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Feb","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Feb"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Mar","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Mar"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Apr"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>May","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_May"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jun","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Jun"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Jul"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Aug"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Sep","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Sep"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Oct","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Oct"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Nov","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Nov"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"precipitation amount-weighted","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_Dec"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"Flagstaff normals Lachniet2023","NOAADataTableId":"50981","earliestYear":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"timeUnit":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Climate normals and recipitation amount-weighted monthly isotope values values for Flagstaff, Arizona, from the IAEA Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation database (https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/gnip).","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-flag-norms.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Flagstaff Climate Normals Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>month of year","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"month number","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Month"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"delta 18O - unweighted mean","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_unwgt"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"delta 2H - unweighted mean","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d2H_unwgt"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Precip"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Temp_C"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"delta 18O - weighted mean","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_wgt"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>precipitation","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VSMOW","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"delta 2H - weighted mean","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d2H_wgt"},{"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless>count","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"count"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}