{"xmlId":"81248","NOAAStudyId":"40131","studyName":"Efflux Cave, Herolds Bay Cave Geochemical Data from 114200 to -30 Cal Yr BP","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/17qn-7444","uuid":"355d565f-4589-4f66-824d-718e9de5166f","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Braun, K.; Bar-Matthews, M.; Matthews, A.; Ayalon, A.; Zilberman, T.; Cowling, R.M.; Fisher, E.C.; Herries, A.I.R.; Brink, J.S.; Marean, C.W.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Kerstin","lastName":"Braun","initials":"K.","orcId":"0000-0003-4028-7758"},{"firstName":"Miryam","lastName":"Bar-Matthews","initials":"M.","orcId":"0000-0001-8373-5341"},{"firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Matthews","initials":"A.","orcId":"0000-0001-5297-9204"},{"firstName":"Avner","lastName":"Ayalon","initials":"A.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Tami","lastName":"Zilberman","initials":"T.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Cowling","initials":"R.M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Erich","lastName":"Fisher","initials":"E.C.","orcId":"0000-0002-9499-6093"},{"firstName":"Andy","lastName":"Herries","initials":"A.I.R.","orcId":"0000-0002-2905-2002"},{"firstName":"James","lastName":"Brink","initials":"J.S.","orcId":"0000-0002-7152-1597"},{"firstName":"Curtis","lastName":"Marean","initials":"C.W.","orcId":"0000-0002-2670-5733"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"Data contributed as part of SISAL v3 Global Speleothem Isotope and Trace Element Database (https://doi.org/10.25921/jajq-qg60). Notes from the SISAL database: Vegetation: Natural Fynbos and Renosterveld. Land use: Limited. \\\\ Efflux_composite (SISAL entity_id = 755) was constructed using the entities 142843, 142846, 142847, 142848 and 142849 (entity_id = 756, 757, 758, 759, 760).","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/40131","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-40131.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-40131.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2024-09-02","entryId":"noaa-cave-40131","earliestYearBP":114200,"mostRecentYearBP":-30,"earliestYearCE":-112250,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Braun, Kerstin; Miryam Bar-Matthews; Alan Matthews; Avner Ayalon; Tami Zilberman; Richard M. Cowling; Erich C. Fisher; Andy I.R. Herries; James S. Brink; Curtis W. Marean"},"pubYear":2019,"title":"Comparison of climate and environment on the edge of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain to the Little Karoo (South Africa) in Marine Isotope Stages 53 as indicated by speleothems","journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"235","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":null,"reportNumber":"105803","citation":"Braun, Kerstin; Miryam Bar-Matthews; Alan Matthews; Avner Ayalon; Tami Zilberman; Richard M. Cowling; Erich C. Fisher; Andy I.R. Herries; James S. Brink; Curtis W. Marean. 2019. Comparison of climate and environment on the edge of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain to the Little Karoo (South Africa) in Marine Isotope Stages 53 as indicated by speleothems. Quaternary Science Reviews, 235, 105803. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.025","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.025","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.025"},"abstract":"Given the steep present-day climatic gradients in southern South Africa, comparative studies of its coastal and inland paleoclimate provide important insight into the region's spatial climate dynamics. We present a comparative study of new speleothem stable oxygen (´18O) and carbon (´13C) isotopic composition from Efflux Cave (EC; 11319 ka, hiatus between 105 and 94 ka) in the Little Karoo inland basin and Herolds Bay Cave (HBC; 9362 ka) at the boundary between the Cape coastal lowlands and the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain. Gaussian kernel based cross-correlation analyses against palaeoclimate proxy records show that rainfall seasonality at EC is related to rainfall amount in the South African interior, whereas HBC is similar to the South African east coast. Our new proxy records, corroborated by archaeological evidence from the Cape coastal lowlands and the Little Karoo, suggest that in both regions, surface water was readily available and grassland ecosystems with variable amounts of C4 and C3 grasses as well as fynbos communities could be found nearby. Cross-correlation analyses of the new records from EC and HBC compared to previously published speleothem records from southern South Africa show only limited statistical correlation. However, there are some similarities in overall trends of palaeoclimate change in the Cape coastal lowlands and the Little Karoo whereby Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (mainly Greenland Interstadial 22) and 4 generally have more summer rainfall and higher abundances of C4 vegetation than MIS 5a and MIS 3.","pubRank":"1"},{"author":{"name":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members"},"pubYear":2024,"title":"SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database","journal":"Earth System Science Data","volume":"16","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"1933-1963","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members. 2024. SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database. Earth System Science Data, 16, 1933-1963. doi: 10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"60470","siteName":"Efflux Cave","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Africa>Southern Africa>South Africa","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-33.41","22.34"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-33.41","northernmostLatitude":"-33.41","westernmostLongitude":"22.34","easternmostLongitude":"22.34","minElevationMeters":"716","maxElevationMeters":"716"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"142843 isotopes Braun2020 SISAL v3","NOAADataTableId":"53264","earliestYear":61616,"mostRecentYear":35025,"timeUnit":"cal yr 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