{"xmlId":"81833","NOAAStudyId":"40735","studyName":"Baluk Cave Geochemical Data from 8400 to 2700 Cal Yr BP","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/kefv-b093","uuid":"b2abf6c7-b780-4be4-b803-4aafe9f97543","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Liu, X.; Rao, Z.; Shen, C.-C.; Liu, J.; Chen, J.; Chen, S.; Wang, X.; Chen, F.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Xiaokang","lastName":"Liu","initials":"X.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Zhiguo","lastName":"Rao","initials":"Z.","orcId":"0000-0002-5323-1844"},{"firstName":"Chuan-Chou","lastName":"Shen","initials":"C.-C.","orcId":"0000-0003-2833-2771"},{"firstName":"Jianbao","lastName":"Liu","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0001-7970-5449"},{"firstName":"Jianhui","lastName":"Chen","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0002-6768-1619"},{"firstName":"Shengqian","lastName":"Chen","initials":"S.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Xianfeng","lastName":"Wang","initials":"X.","orcId":"0000-0002-8614-5627"},{"firstName":"Fahu","lastName":"Chen","initials":"F.","orcId":"0000-0002-8874-1035"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"This dataset consists of two components that were introduced in separate publications, i.e., Liu, X., et al., 2019, 2020.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/40735","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-40735.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-40735.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2025-01-28","entryId":"noaa-cave-40735","earliestYearBP":9377,"mostRecentYearBP":-8,"earliestYearCE":-7427,"mostRecentYearCE":1958,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Liu, Xiaokang; Zhiguo Rao; ChuanChou Shen; Jianbao Liu; Jianhui Chen; Shengqian Chen; Xianfeng Wang; Fahu Chen"},"pubYear":2019,"title":"Holocene Solar Activity Imprint on Centennial to MultidecadalScale Hydroclimatic Oscillations in Arid Central Asia","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"124","edition":null,"issue":"5","pages":"2562-2573","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Liu, Xiaokang; Zhiguo Rao; ChuanChou Shen; Jianbao Liu; Jianhui Chen; Shengqian Chen; Xianfeng Wang; Fahu Chen. 2019. Holocene Solar Activity Imprint on Centennial to MultidecadalScale Hydroclimatic Oscillations in Arid Central Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(5), 2562-2573. doi: 10.1029/2018JD029699","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2018JD029699","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029699"},"abstract":"Numerous studies have been conducted on the Holocene climatic evolution of arid central Asia (ACA) using various geological proxies. However, the quality of the age control and the temporal resolution of the proxy records used make it difficult to characterize hydroclimatic changes on centennial to multidecadal timescales. Here we present a stalagmite ´18O record from Baluk cave in Xinjiang, NW China, in ACA, which has an average 22.8-year resolution and provides a record of inferred hydroclimatic changes from 8.4 to 2.7 ka. Abrupt hydroclimatic shifts are evident during the following intervals: 2.752.90, 3.253.35, 3.753.85, 4.454.55, 4.754.90, 5.055.15, 5.25.3, 5.45.5, 5.96.0, 6.26.3, 6.46.5, 6.86.9, 7.17.6, 7.857.95, and 8.058.25 ka. Notably, an overall in-phase relationship is observed between the hydroclimatic variations and change in solar activity, and the results of spectral analysis suggest the presence of the Eddy (~1,080 years), de Vries (~205 years), and Gleissberg (~88102 years) cycles. This indicates a linkage between solar activity and hydroclimatic changes in ACA on centennial to multidecadal scales during the Holocene. We suggest that the influence of solar activity on hydroclimatic changes in ACA occurs via its effects on North Atlantic sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation, northern high-latitude regional temperatures, and via direct heating. The relationship suggests that solar activity may play an important role in determining future hydroclimatic changes in ACA.","pubRank":"1"},{"author":{"name":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members"},"pubYear":2024,"title":"SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database","journal":"Earth System Science Data","volume":"16","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"1933-1963","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members. 2024. SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database. Earth System Science Data, 16, 1933-1963. doi: 10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"60651","siteName":"Baluk Cave","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["42.433","84.733"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"42.433","northernmostLatitude":"42.433","westernmostLongitude":"84.733","easternmostLongitude":"84.733","minElevationMeters":"2752","maxElevationMeters":"2752"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"BLK12A d18O Liu2019","NOAADataTableId":"54593","earliestYear":9365,"mostRecentYear":264,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":9365,"mostRecentYearBP":264,"earliestYearCE":-7415,"mostRecentYearCE":1686,"coreLengthMeters":0,"dataTableNotes":"This dataset consists of two components that were introduced in separate publications, i.e., Liu, X., et al., 2019, 2020.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/liu2019/liu2019-blk12a_d18o.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"BLK12A d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Core information","cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"notes"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_mm"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_yrBP"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil PDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"calcite stalagmite","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18Ocave"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"]}]},{"dataTableName":"BLK12B-C d18O Liu2019","NOAADataTableId":"54594","earliestYear":8361,"mostRecentYear":-8,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":8361,"mostRecentYearBP":-8,"earliestYearCE":-6411,"mostRecentYearCE":1958,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"This dataset consists of two components that were introduced in separate publications, i.e., Liu, X., et al., 2019, 2020. 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