{"xmlId":"81820","NOAAStudyId":"40745","studyName":"New St Michael's Cave Geochemical Data from 2 to -53 Cal Yr BP","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/y73y-7990","uuid":"9aeab13f-3aff-4ca4-8b35-35aab1647c03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Mattey, D.; Lowry, D.; Duffet, J.; Fisher, R.; Hodge, E.; Frisia, S.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Mattey","initials":"D.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Lowry","initials":"D.","orcId":"0000-0002-8535-0346"},{"firstName":null,"lastName":"Duffet","initials":"J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":null,"lastName":"Fisher","initials":"R.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Hodge","initials":"E.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Silvia","lastName":"Frisia","initials":"S.","orcId":"0000-0001-6568-2696"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"Data contributed as part of SISAL v3 Global Speleothem Isotope and Trace Element Database (https://doi.org/10.25921/jajq-qg60). Notes from the SISAL database: Vegetation: Upper Rock nature reserve is maquis/mattral (olive etc.); in the past was woodland. \\\\ Gib04a (SISAL entity_id = 182): The age model was based on counting back annual cycles in d13C which were known to be forced by reversing seasonal ventilation from cave monitoring. Annual cycles in d13C mapped onto the paired laminae. Minima in d13C represents calcite deposited in late winter (April). The age model was validated by the position of the radiocarbon bomb peak and a high correlation between the d18O of net winter calcite and the corresponding weighted mean of monthly rainfall from the GNIP record. Uncertainty of the age model varies from 0 to c. 1980 thereafter +/-1 year for the older part of the record.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/40745","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-40745.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-40745.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2025-01-28","entryId":"noaa-cave-40745","earliestYearBP":2,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"earliestYearCE":1948,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Mattey, David; D. Lowry; J. Duffet; R. Fisher; E. Hodge; S. Frisia"},"pubYear":2008,"title":"A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"269","edition":null,"issue":"1-2","pages":"80-95","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Mattey, David; D. Lowry; J. Duffet; R. Fisher; E. Hodge; S. Frisia. 2008. A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 269(1-2), 80-95. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.051","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.051","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.051"},"abstract":"The response of a climate proxy against measured temperature, rainfall and atmospheric circulation patterns at sub-annual resolution is the ultimate test of proxy fidelity but very few data exist showing the level of correspondence between speleothem climate proxies and the instrumental climate record. Cave sites on the Gibraltar peninsula provide a unique opportunity to calibrate speleothem climate proxies with the longest known available precipitation isotopes and instrumental records. An actively growing speleothem sampled from New St. Michaels Cave in 2004 is composed of paired laminae consisting of light columnar calcite and a darker microsparitic calcite. Stable isotope analysis of samples micromilled in 100 źm steps at the equivalent of bi-monthly intervals reveals fabric-correlated annual cycles in carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes and trace elements responding to seasonal changes in cave microclimate, hydrology and ventilation patterns. Calcite ´13C values reach a minimum in the light columnar fabric and evidence from trace element behaviour and cave monitoring indicates that this grows under cave winter conditions of highest pCO2, whereas the dark microsparitic calcite, characterised by elevated ´13C and ´18O values grows under low summer pCO2 conditions. Drip water ´13CDIC reaches a minimum in MarchApril, at which time the attenuated ´18O signal becomes most representative of winter precipitation. An age model based on cycle counting and the position of the 14C bomb carbon spike yields a precisely dated winter oxygen isotope proxy of cave seepage water for comparison with the GNIP and instrumental climate record for Gibraltar. The ´18O characteristics of calcite deposited from drip water representing winter precipitation for each year can be derived from the seasonally resolved record and allows reconstruction of the ´18O drip water representing winter precipitation for each year from 19512004. These data show an encouraging level of correspondence (r2 = 0.47) with the ´18O of rainfall falling each year between October and March and on a decadal scale the ´18O of reconstructed winter drip water mirrors secular change in mean winter temperatures.","pubRank":"1"},{"author":{"name":"Mattey, David P.; Ian J. Fairchild; Tim C. Atkinson; Jean-Paul Latin; Mark Ainsworth; Richard Durell"},"pubYear":2010,"title":"Seasonal microclimate control of calcite fabrics, stable isotopes and trace elements in modern speleothem from St Michaels Cave, Gibraltar","journal":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","volume":"336","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"323-344","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Mattey, David P.; Ian J. Fairchild; Tim C. Atkinson; Jean-Paul Latin; Mark Ainsworth; Richard Durell. 2010. Seasonal microclimate control of calcite fabrics, stable isotopes and trace elements in modern speleothem from St Michaels Cave, Gibraltar. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 336, 323-344. doi: 10.1144/sp336.17","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1144/sp336.17","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp336.17"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"},{"author":{"name":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members"},"pubYear":2024,"title":"SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database","journal":"Earth System Science Data","volume":"16","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"1933-1963","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kaushal, Nikita, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szucs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members. 2024. SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database. Earth System Science Data, 16, 1933-1963. doi: 10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"3"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"60665","siteName":"New St Michael's Cave","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Europe>Southern Europe>Spain>Gibraltar","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["36.1261","-5.3455"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"36.1261","northernmostLatitude":"36.1261","westernmostLongitude":"-5.3455","easternmostLongitude":"-5.3455","minElevationMeters":"325","maxElevationMeters":"325"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Gib04a isotopes Mattey2008 SISAL v3","NOAADataTableId":"54352","earliestYear":2,"mostRecentYear":-53,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":2,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"earliestYearCE":1948,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/SISAL-v3/noaa_templates/Mattey2008-Gib04a.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Gib04a Speleothem Geochemical Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_sample"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"interp_age"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>duration unit>calendar year","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"interp_age_uncert_pos"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>duration unit>calendar year","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"interp_age_uncert_neg"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample thickness","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>millimeter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"sample_thickness"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision is 0.1 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d18O_measurement"},{"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate>calcite","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"measurement precision is 0.1 per mil","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C_measurement"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}