{"xmlId":"84915","NOAAStudyId":"44161","studyName":"Cosmic Cavern, Arkansas Stable Isotope Data during the Last Glacial Period","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/xja3-6j51","uuid":"bddab0bc-ea89-4f80-a524-a1641f7b7e03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","investigators":"Denniston, R.F.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; Cresswell-Clay, N.; Polyak, V.J.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Amber, G.; Thatcher, D.L.; Oeste, R.; Asmerom, Y.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Rhawn","lastName":"Denniston","initials":"R.F.","orcId":"0000-0002-6346-1221"},{"firstName":"Caroline","lastName":"Ummenhofer","initials":"C.C.","orcId":"0000-0002-9163-3967"},{"firstName":"Nathaniel","lastName":"Cresswell-Clay","initials":"N.","orcId":"0000-0002-0600-2870"},{"firstName":"Victor","lastName":"Polyak","initials":"V.J.","orcId":"0000-0002-2010-1066"},{"firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Wanamaker","initials":"A.D.","orcId":"0000-0002-6560-6420"},{"firstName":"Gabriel","lastName":"Amber","initials":"G.","orcId":"0009-0000-8287-4390"},{"firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Thatcher","initials":"D.L.","orcId":"0000-0002-1451-8113"},{"firstName":"Ryan","lastName":"Oeste","initials":"R.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Yemane","lastName":"Asmerom","initials":"Y.","orcId":"0000-0003-3440-1294"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Iowa Academy of Science","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Cornell College","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"University of Iowa","fundingGrant":"Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research"},{"fundingAgency":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","fundingGrant":null}],"studyNotes":"Missouri site locations - Joplin: 37.2 N, -94.4 W, 306 m; Columbia: 38.9 N, -92.3 W, 380 m","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/44161","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-44161.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-cave-44161.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Earth Surface Conditions Reconstruction","Glacial"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2026-02-04","entryId":"noaa-cave-44161","earliestYearBP":53564,"mostRecentYearBP":-74,"earliestYearCE":-51614,"mostRecentYearCE":2024,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Denniston, Rhawn; Ummenhofer, Caroline; Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel; Polyak, Victor; Wanamaker, Alan; Amber, Gabe; Thatcher, Diana; Oeste, Ryan; Asmerom, Yemane"},"pubYear":2026,"title":"Isotopic Expression of Millennial-Scale Climate Events in the Central United States during the Last Glacial Period","journal":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"41","edition":null,"issue":"3","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2025PA005256","citation":"Denniston, Rhawn; Ummenhofer, Caroline; Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel; Polyak, Victor; Wanamaker, Alan; Amber, Gabe; Thatcher, Diana; Oeste, Ryan; Asmerom, Yemane. 2026. Isotopic Expression of Millennial-Scale Climate Events in the Central United States during the Last Glacial Period. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 41(3), e2025PA005256. doi: 10.1029/2025PA005256","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2025PA005256","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2025PA005256"},"abstract":"Millennial-scale climate variability punctuated the last glacial period around the globe, but its expression in the North American midcontinent is not well understood. This is due, in part, to the fact that only a small number of published speleothem time series document these events from this region, and that they surprisingly exhibit isotopically higher oxygen isotope values during North Atlantic cold periods (Greenland stadials (GS) and Heinrich stadials) than during time-adjacent interstadials, opposite the modern positive correlation with air temperature. Here we present a composite stalagmite record from Cosmic Cavern (CC), central United States, that preserves evidence of environmental change from 54-14 ka. Stalagmite stable carbon (´13C) and oxygen (´18O) isotope variations are coincident with millennial-scale events in the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ´18O record. During North Atlantic warm periods, stalagmite ´13C values decreased by 230, interpreted here as predominantly reflecting elevated soil respiration rates driven by increased temperature. Stalagmite ´18O values also vary broadly in concert with the NGRIP record, and exhibit the previously identified inverse correlation to air temperature, shifting by 0.51.50 between GS and interstadials. The consistency of this relationship across the central United States suggests that it reflects the ´18O of precipitation rather than site-specific secondary effects. Interstadial precipitation ´18O values were lower due to regional enhancement of mesoscale convective storm activity and/or enhanced glacial meltwater flux to the Gulf of Mexico, the region's primary moisture source. Changes in precipitation seasonality, identified through analysis of climate model simulations, may have also played a role.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"62054","siteName":"Cosmic Cavern","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Arkansas","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["36.4","-93.5"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"36.4","northernmostLatitude":"36.4","westernmostLongitude":"-93.5","easternmostLongitude":"-93.5","minElevationMeters":"1200","maxElevationMeters":"1200"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"CS3 d13C, d18O Denniston2026","NOAADataTableId":"59107","earliestYear":53564,"mostRecentYear":35900,"timeUnit":"cal yr 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