{"xmlId":"74912","NOAAStudyId":"33292","studyName":"Kiritimati Island 120 Year Modern and Fossil Coral Oxygen Isotope Data","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/6eqq-d806","uuid":"8205a46d-3c35-4171-8f31-b72c909edcc6","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","investigators":"Hitt, N.T.; Sayani, H.R.; Atwood, A.; Grothe, P.R.; Maupin, C.R.; O'Connor, G.; Walter, R.M.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Deocampo, D.M.; Cobb, K.M.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Nicholas","lastName":"Hitt","initials":"N.T.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Hussein","lastName":"Sayani","initials":"H.R.","orcId":"0000-0002-0607-4882"},{"firstName":"Alyssa","lastName":"Atwood","initials":"A.","orcId":"0000-0001-6615-6540"},{"firstName":"Pamela","lastName":"Grothe","initials":"P.R.","orcId":"0000-0003-1855-4776"},{"firstName":"Christopher","lastName":"Maupin","initials":"C.R.","orcId":"0000-0001-5249-8398"},{"firstName":"Gemma","lastName":"O'Connor","initials":"G.","orcId":"0000-0002-4645-4038"},{"firstName":"Rachel","lastName":"Walter","initials":"R.M.","orcId":"0000-0003-4486-863X"},{"firstName":"Yanbin","lastName":"Lu","initials":"Y.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Hai","lastName":"Cheng","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-5305-9458"},{"firstName":"R. Lawrence","lastName":"Edwards","initials":"R.L.","orcId":"0000-0002-7027-5881"},{"firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Deocampo","initials":"D.M.","orcId":"0000-0003-3523-2592"},{"firstName":"Kim","lastName":"Cobb","initials":"K.M.","orcId":"0000-0002-2125-9164"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"Coral oxygen isotope timeseries from the fossil Porites corals presented in this study, as well as the raw modern and fossil Porites coral oxygen isotope timeseries used to construct the 20th century coral composite.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/33292","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-33292.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-coral-33292.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2021-10-10","entryId":"noaa-coral-33292","earliestYearBP":59,"mostRecentYearBP":-66,"earliestYearCE":1891,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Nicholas T. Hitt, Hussein R. Sayani, Alyssa R. Atwood, Pamela R. Grothe, Christopher Maupin, Gemma K. O'Connor, Rachel M. Walter, Daniel Gebregiorgis, Madeleine E. Hardt, Yanbin Lu, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Kim M. Cobb"},"pubYear":2022,"title":"Central equatorial Pacific warming and freshening in the twentieth century: Insights from a coral ensemble approach","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"49","edition":null,"issue":"1","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2021GL094051","citation":"Nicholas T. Hitt, Hussein R. Sayani, Alyssa R. Atwood, Pamela R. Grothe, Christopher Maupin, Gemma K. O'Connor, Rachel M. Walter, Daniel Gebregiorgis, Madeleine E. Hardt, Yanbin Lu, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Kim M. Cobb. 2022. Central equatorial Pacific warming and freshening in the twentieth century: Insights from a coral ensemble approach. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(1), e2021GL094051. doi: 10.1029/2021GL094051","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2021GL094051","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094051"},"abstract":"The tropical Pacific influences climate patterns across the globe, yet robust constraints on decadal to centennial-scale climate variations are difficult to extract from sparse instrumental observations in this region. Oxygen isotope (´18O) records from long-lived corals enable the quantitative reconstruction of tropical Pacific climate variability and trends over the twentieth century and beyond, but such corals are exceedingly rare. Here, we use multiple short coral ´18O records to create a coral ensemble reconstruction of twentieth century climate in the central tropical Pacific. Ten U/Th-dated fossil coral ´18O records from Kiritimati Island (2°N, 157°W) span 1891 CE to 2006 CE, with the younger samples enabling quantitative comparison to a large ensemble of modern coral records and instrumental sea surface temperature. A composite record constructed of modern and fossil Kiritimati coral ´18O records shows a shift toward warmer and fresher conditions from 1970 CE onward, consistent with previously published records in this region.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"58104","siteName":"Kiritimati Island, Multiple Sites","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Kiribati","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["1.683333","2.05","-157.55","-157.15"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"1.683333","northernmostLatitude":"2.05","westernmostLongitude":"-157.55","easternmostLongitude":"-157.15","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Hitt2022KiritimatiComposite","NOAADataTableId":"47179","earliestYear":1938,"mostRecentYear":2016,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":12,"mostRecentYearBP":-66,"earliestYearCE":1938,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Offsets needed to 'center' all sequences provided in variable additional information","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/kiritimati2022composite-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Kiritimati Composite Coral d18O Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"core X16C-D10 d18O_raw; offset: 0.088059076; doi: 10.25921/f1bh-jj11","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"X16C-D10"},{"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"core X16A-D1 d18O_raw; offset: 0.07451414; doi: 10.25921/f1bh-jj11","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"X16A-D1"},{"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"core X14-1 d18O_raw; offset: 0.09015875; T. 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