{"xmlId":"80186","NOAAStudyId":"39048","studyName":"Great Palm Island, Great Barrier Reef, Porites spp. luminescence intensity from -2296 to -3251 CE","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/55d8-s051","uuid":"c0371081-d0b1-4d2b-a173-71941d1dc04f","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","investigators":"Leonard, N.; Welsh, K.; Lough, J.M.; Feng, Y.-x.; Pandolfi, J.; Clark, T.R.; Zhao, J.-x.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Nicole","lastName":"Leonard","initials":"N.","orcId":"0000-0003-2578-7738"},{"firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Welsh","initials":"K.","orcId":"0000-0002-4834-4190"},{"firstName":"Janice","lastName":"Lough","initials":"J.M.","orcId":"0000-0002-3789-1009"},{"firstName":"Yue-Xing","lastName":"Feng","initials":"Y.-x.","orcId":"0000-0002-2944-9632"},{"firstName":"John","lastName":"Pandolfi","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0003-3047-6694"},{"firstName":"Tara","lastName":"Clark","initials":"T.R.","orcId":"0000-0002-9648-0867"},{"firstName":"Jian-xin","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"J.-x.","orcId":"0000-0002-2413-6178"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian National Environmental Research Programme (NERP)","fundingGrant":"Tropical Ecosystems Hub Project 1.3"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","fundingGrant":"LIEF grant LE0989067"}],"studyNotes":"Contributed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database (GBRCD).\r\n      Provided Keywords: Great Barrier Reef, luminescence, ENSO","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39048","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-39048.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-coral-39048.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["ENSO","hydrology"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2024-02-07","entryId":"noaa-coral-39048","earliestYearBP":5200,"mostRecentYearBP":4245,"earliestYearCE":-3250,"mostRecentYearCE":-2295,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Leonard, N.D., Welsh, K.J., Lough, J.M., Feng, Y.x., Pandolfi, J.M., Clark, T.R. and Zhao, J.x."},"pubYear":2016,"title":"Evidence of reduced mid-Holocene ENSO variance on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia","journal":"Paleoceanography","volume":"31","edition":null,"issue":"9","pages":"1248-1260","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Leonard, N.D., Welsh, K.J., Lough, J.M., Feng, Y.x., Pandolfi, J.M., Clark, T.R. and Zhao, J.x. 2016. Evidence of reduced mid-Holocene ENSO variance on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Paleoceanography, 31(9), 1248-1260. doi: 10.1002/2016PA002967","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1002/2016PA002967","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA002967"},"abstract":"Globally, coral reefs are under increasing pressure both through direct anthropogenic influence and increases in climate extremes. Understanding past climate dynamics that negatively affected coral reef growth is imperative for both improving management strategies and for modeling coral reef responses to a changing climate. The El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary source of climate variability at interannual timescales on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), northeastern Australia. Applying continuous wavelet transforms to visually assessed coral luminescence intensity in massive Porites corals from the central GBR we demonstrate that these records reliably reproduce ENSO variance patterns for the period 18801985. We then applied this method to three subfossil corals from the same reef to reconstruct ENSO variance from ~5200 to 4300 years before present (yBP). We show that ENSO events were less extreme and less frequent after ~5200 yBP on the GBR compared to modern records. Growth characteristics of the corals are consistent with cooler sea surface temperatures (SSTs) between 5200 and 4300 yBP compared to both the millennia prior (~6000 yBP) and modern records. Understanding ENSO dynamics in response to SST variability at geological timescales will be important for improving predictions of future ENSO response to a rapidly warming climate.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"61163","siteName":"Great Palm Island (Main Channel)","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>Australia","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-18.733","146.567"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-18.733","northernmostLatitude":"-18.733","westernmostLongitude":"146.567","easternmostLongitude":"146.567","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"PAM2.0 luminescence Leonard2016","NOAADataTableId":"51784","earliestYear":4902,"mostRecentYear":4882,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":4902,"mostRecentYearBP":4882,"earliestYearCE":-2952,"mostRecentYearCE":-2932,"coreLengthMeters":0,"dataTableNotes":"Porites sp.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/great_barrier/leonard2016/leonard2016-pam2.0-lumin.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"PAM2.0 Luminescence Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_calyrBP"},{"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>luminescence","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Porites sp.","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Visual assessment of luminescent lines following the methods of Hendy et al. 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