{"xmlId":"82124","NOAAStudyId":"41080","studyName":"Seawater Sr/Ca in Florida and Around the World between 2016-2020 CE","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/jd8r-nc90","uuid":"dabfdc13-1c44-487d-9c38-9ced5646fc65","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","investigators":"Kilbourne, K.H.; Schijf, J.; Hughes, H.P.; Khare, A.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"K. Halimeda","lastName":"Kilbourne","initials":"K.H.","orcId":"0000-0001-7864-8438"},{"firstName":"Johan","lastName":"Schijf","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0001-9266-6982"},{"firstName":"Hunter","lastName":"Hughes","initials":"H.P.","orcId":"0000-0003-1574-4726"},{"firstName":"Agraj","lastName":"Khare","initials":"A.","orcId":null}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 1459636, OCE 1829385"}],"studyNotes":"Seawater Sr/Ca to complement coral-based paleoclimate efforts. The study spanned 2016-2020 in the Middle Florida Keys with the grid extending from shore to the forereef area about 6km offshore, along about 11km of coastline. Samples in Khare et al., 2022 were sampled collected by hand from the surface and at the bottom by diver in the winter and summer in the Florida Keys. Samples of opportunity were collected by hand from a variety of locations in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Samples from Hughes et al., 2025 were collected at 4 sites in the Florida Keys spanning across the shelf from Florida Bay to the forereef area via osmotic pumps into teflon tubing that was subsequently subsampled and analyzed in the laboratory. OSMO sampler dates are based on known days of pump deployment and retrieval, sample volume and pump rates.  Other samples were collected on known dates indicated.\r\n      Provided Keywords: strontium, trace element, seawater chemistry, Sr/Ca","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/41080","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-coral-41080.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-coral-41080.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["biogeochemical cycles"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2025-03-12","entryId":"noaa-coral-41080","earliestYearBP":-63,"mostRecentYearBP":-71,"earliestYearCE":2013,"mostRecentYearCE":2021,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Khare, Agraj, Hunter P. Hughes, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, and Johan Schijf"},"pubYear":2021,"title":"An ICP-AES method for routine high-precision measurement of seawater Sr/Ca ratios to validate coral paleothermometry calibrations","journal":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","volume":"19","edition":null,"issue":"6","pages":"416-430","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Khare, Agraj, Hunter P. Hughes, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, and Johan Schijf. 2021. An ICP-AES method for routine high-precision measurement of seawater Sr/Ca ratios to validate coral paleothermometry calibrations. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 19(6), 416-430. doi: 10.1002/lom3.10434","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1002/lom3.10434","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10434"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"3"},{"author":{"name":"Agraj Khare, Hunter P. Hughes, Johan Schijf, and K. Halimeda Kilbourne"},"pubYear":2023,"title":"Apparently Seasonal Variations of the Seawater Sr/Ca Ratio Across the Florida Keys Reef Tract","journal":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","volume":"24","edition":null,"issue":"3","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2022GC010728","citation":"Agraj Khare, Hunter P. Hughes, Johan Schijf, and K. Halimeda Kilbourne. 2023. Apparently Seasonal Variations of the Seawater Sr/Ca Ratio Across the Florida Keys Reef Tract. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 24(3), e2022GC010728. doi: 10.1029/2022GC010728","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2022GC010728","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010728"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"},{"author":{"name":"Hughes, Hunter P., Johan Schijf, K. Halimeda Kilbourne"},"pubYear":2025,"title":"High-resolution annual cycles of the Sr/Ca ratio in Florida Bay seawater sampled with osmotic pumps","journal":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"40","edition":null,"issue":"9","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2025PA005168","citation":"Hughes, Hunter P., Johan Schijf, K. Halimeda Kilbourne. 2025. High-resolution annual cycles of the Sr/Ca ratio in Florida Bay seawater sampled with osmotic pumps. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 40(9), e2025PA005168. doi: 10.1029/2025PA005168","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2025PA005168","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2025PA005168"},"abstract":"Coral skeletal Sr/Ca ratios are a commonly used paleotemperature proxy that relies on stable seawater Sr/Ca ratios (Rsw). Recent observations call this assumption into question at some locations, particularly in the Florida Keys, USA. We collected Rsw time series data for 4 years from the Middle Keys with about weekly resolution, as well as several 24-hr time series from coral reef sites throughout the Caribbean, to quantify the magnitude and mode of Rsw variability and to assess its likely impact on coral Sr/Ca-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Continuous seawater samples were collected with four bottom-mounted osmotic pumps placed on a transect from inside Florida Bay to approximately 10 km offshore. In Florida Bay, Rsw displays annual cycles with high values in the summer and an amplitude of 0.40.5 mmol/mol that attenuates and becomes less periodic with increasing distance from the coast. We propose that this seawater Sr/Ca cycle may be due to a seasonal biogeochemical process related to the precipitation and dissolution of CaCO3 in Florida Bay, with the signal carried onto the shelf through mixing. The annual Rsw cycle can explain the low Sr/CaSST slopes that have been reported in local corals. Pseudo-coral Sr/Ca calculations indicate that Rsw causes enhanced uncertainty in reconstructed SST, even at the site 10 km offshore. The 24-hr time series show smaller diurnal variability in seawater Sr/Ca that appears to reflect local tides and hydrography, suggesting a similar potential for aberrant coral Sr/CaSST calibrations at other reef locations.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"59626","siteName":"Global Coral Ocean Sites","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-5.382433","26.299967","-158.242267","121.4721"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-5.382433","northernmostLatitude":"26.299967","westernmostLongitude":"-158.242267","easternmostLongitude":"121.4721","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Global Sr/Ca Kilbourne2025","NOAADataTableId":"55292","earliestYear":2013,"mostRecentYear":2021,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":-63,"mostRecentYearBP":-71,"earliestYearCE":2013,"mostRecentYearCE":2021,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Filtered water samples taken by syringe with a 0.2 micron filter into low density polyethylene bottles and kept in the cool dark (sample refrigerator) before analysis via ICP-OES. 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