{"xmlId":"78034","NOAAStudyId":"36777","studyName":"Paleo-pCO2 Database: Early Miocene CO2 reconstructions of Inner Mongolia","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/m14z-5f10","uuid":"b125e2e1-b8b4-464c-9ef8-825811ca7193","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","investigators":"Liang, J.Q.L.; Leng, Q.L.; Liang, X.L.; Hofig, D.H.; Royer, D.; Zhang, Y.G.; Yang, H.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Jia-Qi","lastName":"Liang","initials":"J.Q.L.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Qin","lastName":"Leng","initials":"Q.L.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Xiao","lastName":"Liang","initials":"X.L.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Daianne","lastName":"Hofig","initials":"D.H.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Dana","lastName":"Royer","initials":"D.","orcId":"0000-0003-0976-953X"},{"firstName":"Yi Ge","lastName":"Zhang","initials":"Y.G.","orcId":"0000-0001-7331-1246"},{"firstName":"Hong","lastName":"Yang","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-1830-0998"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36777","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-36777.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-forcing-36777.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["carbon cycle","Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2022-08-30","entryId":"noaa-forcing-36777","earliestYearBP":21090000,"mostRecentYearBP":21090000,"earliestYearCE":-21088050,"mostRecentYearCE":-21088050,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Liang, J., Leng, Q., Xiao, L., Höfig, D. F., Royer, D. L., Zhang, Y. G., and Yang, H."},"pubYear":2022,"title":"Early Miocene redwood fossils from Inner Mongolia: CO2 reconstructions and paleoclimate effects of a low Mongolian plateau","journal":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"305","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"10473","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Liang, J., Leng, Q., Xiao, L., Höfig, D. F., Royer, D. L., Zhang, Y. G., and Yang, H. 2022. Early Miocene redwood fossils from Inner Mongolia: CO2 reconstructions and paleoclimate effects of a low Mongolian plateau. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 305, 10473. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104743","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104743","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104743"},"abstract":"The early Miocene (~1623 Ma) marks a critical transition in the Earth climate history from an Oligocene (~2334 Ma) cooling trend towards the well-documented warm middle Miocene Climate Optimum at ~15 Ma. In eastern Asia, this transition links changes of key topographic features, such as the Tibetan plateau and the Mongolian plateau, and their impact on the reorganization of climate systems, such as the Eastern Asian summer monsoon. Yet the dynamics of the interplay among these factors remain poorly understood, precluding our understanding of future climate changes. Global temperatures during the early Miocene were warmer than the present day by 34 °C, which are seemingly incompatible with both the low (<300 ppm) and high (>800 ppm) ends of presently available reconstructions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Here we report a rare co-occurrence of two redwoods, Metasequoia and Sequoia, from sediments of the early Miocene Hannuoba Formation in Zhuozi County in Chinas Inner Mongolia at the southeastern margin of the current Mongolian plateau. The Zhuozi Metasequoia fossils possess uneven type cuticles, which dominate its living population but have rarely been reported throughout the abundant fossil record of this genus. By applying well constrained Franks model parameters obtained from these redwood fossils using a cleared leaf epidermis method, we estimated the early Miocene CO2 level at ~400 ppm, putting it at the lower end of the model requirement for sustaining a relatively warm global temperature during this period. Our Franks model estimates are ~100 ppm higher than that obtained using stomatal index method based on Metasequoia material, further confirming a systematic underestimation of ancient CO2 using the Metasequoia stomatal index method reported in previous analyses. We recommend a re-examination of previous CO2 reconstructions solely based upon Metasequoias inverse relationship between stomatal index and CO2 concentrations. Ultimately, the occurrence of these redwood fossils in Inner Mongolia is consistent with a weak or muted Eastern Asian summer monsoon in the region with the absence of an elevated Mongolian plateau during the early Miocene. A shift of moisture sources for the region accompanying the change from a Westerlies-dominated climate to the present-day monsoon dominated climate system occurred after the early Miocene time.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"59601","siteName":"Hannuoba Formation","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>Mongolia","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["40.7619","112.8392"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"40.7619","northernmostLatitude":"40.7619","westernmostLongitude":"112.8392","easternmostLongitude":"112.8392","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"mongolia_franks_liang2022","NOAADataTableId":"49510","earliestYear":21090000,"mostRecentYear":21090000,"timeUnit":"cal yr 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