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The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","investigators":"Mann, M.E.; Cane, M.A.; Zebiak, S.E.; Clement, A.C.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Mann","initials":"M.E.","orcId":"0000-0003-3067-296X"},{"firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Cane","initials":"M.A.","orcId":"0000-0001-5408-2388"},{"firstName":"Stephen","lastName":"Zebiak","initials":"S.E.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Clement","initials":"A.C.","orcId":"0000-0002-0105-0961"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5781","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-5781.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-forcing-5781.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2005-04-26","entryId":"noaa-forcing-5781","earliestYearBP":950,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Mann, M.E., M.A. Cane, S.E. Zebiak, and A. Clement"},"pubYear":2005,"title":"Volcanic and Solar Forcing of the Tropical Pacific over the Past 1000 Years","journal":"Journal of Climate","volume":"18","edition":null,"issue":"3","pages":"417-456","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Mann, M.E., M.A. Cane, S.E. Zebiak, and A. Clement. 2005. Volcanic and Solar Forcing of the Tropical Pacific over the Past 1000 Years. Journal of Climate, 18(3), 417-456. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-3276.1","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1175/JCLI-3276.1","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3276.1"},"abstract":"The response of El Niņo to natural radiative forcing changes over the past 1000 yr is investigated based on numerical experiments employing the ZebiakCane model of the tropical Pacific coupled oceanatmosphere system. Previously published empirical results demonstrating a statistically significant tendency toward El Niņo conditions in response to past volcanic radiative forcing are reproduced in the model experiments. A combination of responses to past changes in volcanic and solar radiative forcing closely reproduces changes in the mean state and interannual variability in El Niņo in past centuries recorded from fossil corals. The dynamics of El Niņo thus appear to have played an important role in the response of the global climate to past changes in radiative forcing.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","siteName":"Global","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-90","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Mann2005","NOAADataTableId":"38235","earliestYear":1000,"mostRecentYear":2005,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":950,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/mann2005/mann2005.txt","urlDescription":"Data","linkText":"mann2005.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"percentile","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Nino3 SST from Cane-Zebiak model; 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