{"xmlId":"2775","NOAAStudyId":"8744","studyName":"Steinhilber et al. 2009 Holocene Total Solar Irradiance Reconstruction","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/hp22-h866","uuid":"20f4a3a9-d91f-4be8-99fc-882527e6073c","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","investigators":"Steinhilber, F.; Beer, J.; Fröhlich, C.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Friedhelm","lastName":"Steinhilber","initials":"F.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Jürg","lastName":"Beer","initials":"J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Claus","lastName":"Fröhlich","initials":"C.","orcId":"0000-0001-8932-9336"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/8744","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-forcing-8744.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-forcing-8744.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Solar Forcing Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2009-11-01","entryId":"noaa-forcing-8744","earliestYearBP":9250,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"earliestYearCE":-7300,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Steinhilber, F., J. Beer, and C. Fröhlich"},"pubYear":2009,"title":"Total solar irradiance during the Holocene","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"36","edition":null,"issue":"19","pages":null,"reportNumber":"L19704","citation":"Steinhilber, F., J. Beer, and C. Fröhlich. 2009. Total solar irradiance during the Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(19), L19704. doi: 10.1029/2009GL040142","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2009GL040142","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040142"},"abstract":"For the first time a record of total solar irradiance covering 9300 years is presented, which covers almost the entire Holocene. This reconstruction is based on a recently observationally derived relationship between total solar irradiance and the open solar magnetic field. Here we show that the open solar magnetic field can be obtained from the cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be measured in ice cores. Thus, 10Be allows to reconstruct total solar irradiance much further back than the existing record of the sunspot number which is usually used to reconstruct total solar irradiance. The resulting increase in solar-cycle averaged TSI from the Maunder Minimum to the present amounts to (0.9 ± 0.4) Wm2. In combination with climate models, our reconstruction offers the possibility to test the claimed links between climate and TSI forcing.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","siteName":"Global","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-90","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Steinhilber2009tsi","NOAADataTableId":"38246","earliestYear":-7300,"mostRecentYear":2009,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":9250,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"earliestYearCE":-7300,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/solar_variability/steinhilber2009tsi.txt","urlDescription":"Data","linkText":"steinhilber2009tsi.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvWhat":"earth system variable>forcing variable>solar irradiance","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":"standard deviation>one standard deviation","cvUnit":"electromagnetic unit>light unit>watt per square meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING","cvWhat":"earth system variable>forcing variable>solar irradiance","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"electromagnetic unit>light unit>watt per square meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"difference of total solar irradiance from the value of the PMOD composite during the solar cycle minimum of the year 1986 AD (1365.57W/m2) as given in Frohlich (2009).","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>climate forcing"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}