{"xmlId":"1290","NOAAStudyId":"2433","studyName":"Austfonna, Lomonosovfonna - Annual Layer Thickness and Chemistry Data","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/ffs9-e794","uuid":"3539efc7-88be-4a9b-bc9d-70073980cde5","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"ICE CORES","investigators":"Arkhipov, S.M.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":null,"lastName":"Arkhipov","initials":"S.M.","orcId":null}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"File named aust87chem contains chemical data, and the two others contain stratigraphic data that is very useful in glaciers with strong summer melting. All ice in such glaciers can be divided in two types: white bubble-rich ice originated from firn, and so-called infiltration ice created while refreezing of the meltwater in form of horizontal layers.  The latter is good climatic indicator, being connected with mean summer temperature by cubic relationship. The infiltration ice layers are usually concentrated in the  lower part of the annual layer, giving us the possibility to determine annual boundaries (see file for Lomonsovfonna -- this method used for annual stratification from 1656 A.D.)\r\n\r\nAdditional publications: Korotkevich, Ye. S. and B.B. Kudriashov. 1974. Ice sheet drilling by Soviet Antarctic expeditions. In Ice Core Drilling (J.F. Splettoesser, ed.). University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 28-30 August, 1974, 63-70. Zagorodnov, V.S. 1988. Recent Soviet activities on ice core driling and core investigations in Arctic region. Bulletin of Glacier Research 6:81-84.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2433","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-2433.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-icecore-2433.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"1997-01-13","entryId":"noaa-icecore-2433","earliestYearBP":2525,"mostRecentYearBP":-31,"earliestYearCE":-575,"mostRecentYearCE":1981,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"S.M. Arkhipov, R.A. Vaykmyae, Ye.V. Vasilenko, V.S. Zagorodnov, Ye.M. Zinger, T.A. Martma, Yu.Ya. Macheret, Ya.M.K. Punning, O.Yu. Samoylov, S.A. Sin'kevich, M.D. Toots, and L.S. Troitskiy"},"pubYear":1987,"title":"Soviet glaciological investigations on Austfonna, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard in 1984 to 1985","journal":"Polar Geography and Geology","volume":"11","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"25-49","reportNumber":null,"citation":"S.M. Arkhipov, R.A. Vaykmyae, Ye.V. Vasilenko, V.S. Zagorodnov, Ye.M. Zinger, T.A. Martma, Yu.Ya. Macheret, Ya.M.K. Punning, O.Yu. Samoylov, S.A. Sin'kevich, M.D. Toots, and L.S. Troitskiy. 1987. Soviet glaciological investigations on Austfonna, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard in 1984 to 1985. Polar Geography and Geology, 11, 25-49. doi: 10.1080/10889378709377309","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1080/10889378709377309","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889378709377309"},"abstract":"The article presents preliminary results of glaciological studies carried out by an expedition of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 198485 on Austfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard). In order to determine the present regime and the hydrothermal state of the glacier and in order to reconstruct glacioclimatic conditions in the past, the following investigations were conducted: radio echo sounding of ice thickness; thermal drilling of the glacier in the ice divide area to a depth of 204 m; studies of the stratigraphy, structure, physicomechanical properties, and isotope and chemical composition of the ice both from a deep drillhole and from the snowfirn layer; and meteorological observations on the glacier during the field season. It was established that the ice in the ice divide area of Austfonna is 550570 m thick. Along a profile several kilometers in length temperature variations from 0° to 3°C were detected at the lower boundary of the active layer, together with local accumulations of water in firn layers.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19990","siteName":"Austfonna 1987 core","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Svalbard And Jan Mayen","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["79.85","24.13"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"79.85","northernmostLatitude":"79.85","westernmostLongitude":"24.13","easternmostLongitude":"24.13","minElevationMeters":"750","maxElevationMeters":"750"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Austfonna87strat","NOAADataTableId":"59172","earliestYear":-575,"mostRecentYear":1986,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":-575,"mostRecentYearBP":1986,"earliestYearCE":2525,"mostRecentYearCE":-36,"coreLengthMeters":566,"dataTableNotes":"The borehole was drilled by V. Zagorodnov at the summit of the Austfonna (East Ice) at North-East Land in July 1987. The bedrock was reached at 566.7 m.  The first column contains depths by one meter steps, the second is ice age calculated by measurements of thinning of infiltration ice layers with depth, with the mean summer temperature (June-August). The lowermost 60 meters of ice core consists of 100% infiltration ice. Borehole location:  79 deg. 51 min N., 24 deg 08 min E. Surface elevation is 750 m a.s.l. Annual mean air temperature is -11C. 10 meter ice temperature is -3.4C.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/aust87st-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Austfonna Stratigraphy Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_m"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before other datum","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"years before 1987 CE","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_calBOD"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"formation property>melt","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>percent","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"R%"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"]}]},{"dataTableName":"Austfonna87chem","NOAADataTableId":"2599","earliestYear":-575,"mostRecentYear":1981,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":2525,"mostRecentYearBP":-31,"earliestYearCE":-575,"mostRecentYearCE":1981,"coreLengthMeters":566,"dataTableNotes":"This file contains data on the chemical composition of the ice samples from the Austfonna core (1987, 566 meters from surface to bottom), drilled by V. Zagorodnov and processed by S.Arkhipov (both from the Institute of Geography. All concentrations are in milligrams per liter of water.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/aust87chem-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Austfonna Chemical Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>hydrogen carbonate","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mass density unit>milligram per liter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"HCO3"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>chlorine>chloride","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mass density unit>milligram per liter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Cl"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_m"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"pH"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>chemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"]}]}]},{"NOAASiteId":"19991","siteName":"Lomonosovfonna 1982 core","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Norway","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["78.73","17.57"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"78.73","northernmostLatitude":"78.73","westernmostLongitude":"17.57","easternmostLongitude":"17.57","minElevationMeters":"1020","maxElevationMeters":"1020"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Lomonosovfonna82","NOAADataTableId":"2600","earliestYear":1656,"mostRecentYear":1973,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":294,"mostRecentYearBP":-23,"earliestYearCE":1656,"mostRecentYearCE":1973,"coreLengthMeters":135,"dataTableNotes":"Annual layer thicknesses measured in Lomonosovfonna ice core (Westspitsbergen) in 1982. The borehole was drilled by V. Zagorodnov and reached bedrock at 135 m. Annual layers were determined by the stratigraphic method and all thicknesses are in centimeters of ice equivelant (0.90 g/cc). The second column contains the original values measured in the ice core. The third column are values corrected for thinning with depth and density changes and are smoothed with a three year mean. Borehole location: 78 deg. 44 min N, 17 deg. 34 min. E. Surface elevation 1020 m a.s.l. Annual mean air temperature is -12.5 C","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/lomonsov-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Lomonosovfonna Stratigraphy Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"age variable>age>ice age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_CE"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"rate unit>length per time unit>centimeter per year","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"ann_accum"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>accumulation rate","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"rate unit>length per time unit>centimeter per year","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"corrected|smoothed","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"3 year smooth; corrected for thinning of layers","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"ann_accum_smth"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>physical properties"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}