{"xmlId":"1298","NOAAStudyId":"2443","studyName":"Vostok Ice Core CO2 Data, 1105-2856m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/q3hz-rs04","uuid":"ddd6945f-cfe9-4247-a703-07152757bcdc","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"ICE CORES","investigators":"Fischer, H.; Wahlen, M.; Smith, H.J.; Mastroianni, D.; Deck, B.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Hubertus","lastName":"Fischer","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-2787-4221"},{"firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Wahlen","initials":"M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"H. Jesse","lastName":"Smith","initials":"H.J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Derek","lastName":"Mastroianni","initials":"D.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Bruce","lastName":"Deck","initials":"B.","orcId":null}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"CO2 data obtained from the Vostok core, 1105-2856m. The techniques employed were similar to those published in M. Wahlen et al. (1991), but continuously improved. Three samples (about 4 g each), carefully trimmed, from 1 cm  depth resolution were measured on a daily basis, together with three standard gases (163 to 330 ppm). The standard gases were admitted over the crushed ice to closely reproduce the sample conditions. At least four scans by tunable diode IR laser spectrometry were performed over a single vibrational-rotational IR line at Doppler resolution in the 4.3 mm band for each sample, and standard. Portions of doubtful ice quality were remeasured frequently.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2443","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-2443.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-icecore-2443.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"1999-01-01","entryId":"noaa-icecore-2443","earliestYearBP":253000,"mostRecentYearBP":75000,"earliestYearCE":-251050,"mostRecentYearCE":-73050,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"M. Wahlen, D. Allen, B. Deck, A. Herchenroder"},"pubYear":1991,"title":"Initial measurements of CO2 concentrations (1530 to 1940 AD) in air occluded in the GISP 2 ice core from central Greenland","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"18","edition":null,"issue":"8","pages":"1457-1460","reportNumber":null,"citation":"M. Wahlen, D. Allen, B. Deck, A. Herchenroder. 1991. Initial measurements of CO2 concentrations (1530 to 1940 AD) in air occluded in the GISP 2 ice core from central Greenland. Geophysical Research Letters, 18(8), 1457-1460. doi: 10.1029/91GL01724","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/91GL01724","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91GL01724"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"},{"author":{"name":"Jouzel J., N.I. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, M. Bender, J. Chappellaz, C. Genthon, V.M. Kotlyakov, V. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, J.-R. Petit, D. Raynaud, G. Raisbeck, C. Ritz, T. Sowers, M. Stievenard, F. Yiou, P. Yiou"},"pubYear":1993,"title":"Extending the Vostok ice-core record of paleoclimate to the penultimate glacial period","journal":"Nature","volume":"364","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"407-412","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Jouzel J., N.I. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, M. Bender, J. Chappellaz, C. Genthon, V.M. Kotlyakov, V. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, J.-R. Petit, D. Raynaud, G. Raisbeck, C. Ritz, T. Sowers, M. Stievenard, F. Yiou, P. Yiou. 1993. Extending the Vostok ice-core record of paleoclimate to the penultimate glacial period. Nature, 364, 407-412. doi: 10.1038/364407a0","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/364407a0","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364407a0"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"3"},{"author":{"name":"Fischer, H., M. Wahlen, J. Smith, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck"},"pubYear":1999,"title":"Ice core records of atmospheric CO2 around the last three glacial terminations","journal":"Science","volume":"283","edition":null,"issue":"5408","pages":"1712-1714","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Fischer, H., M. Wahlen, J. Smith, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck. 1999. Ice core records of atmospheric CO2 around the last three glacial terminations. Science, 283(5408), 1712-1714. doi: 10.1126/science.283.5408.1712","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1126/science.283.5408.1712","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5408.1712"},"abstract":"Air trapped in bubbles in polar ice cores constitutes an archive for the reconstruction of the global carbon cycle and the relation between greenhouse gases and climate in the past. High-resolution records from Antarctic ice cores show that carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 80 to 100 parts per million by volume 600 ± 400 years after the warming of the last three deglaciations. Despite strongly decreasing temperatures, high carbon dioxide concentrations can be sustained for thousands of years during glaciations; the size of this phase lag is probably connected to the duration of the preceding warm period, which controls the change in land ice coverage and the buildup of the terrestrial biosphere.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19976","siteName":"Vostok","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-78.47","106.8"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-78.47","northernmostLatitude":"-78.47","westernmostLongitude":"106.8","easternmostLongitude":"106.8","minElevationMeters":"3488","maxElevationMeters":"3488"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Vostok CO2 Fisher1999","NOAADataTableId":"38382","earliestYear":253000,"mostRecentYear":75000,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":253000,"mostRecentYearBP":75000,"earliestYearCE":-251050,"mostRecentYearCE":-73050,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"The first and second columns give the depth of the G4 and G5 cores which are offset by 3.4 m, and the third and fourths columns give air age values. The second and fourth columns were used in the publication. The air ages were derived from Jouzel et al., Nature, 364, 407 (1993); Barnola et al., Tellus, B 43 , 83 (1991); J. R. Petit et al., Nature, 387, 359 (1997); and Jean Jouzel, and J. M. Barnola (personal comm.). The fourth column is the average CO2 concentration and the following is the 1 sigma standard error of the mean. The next entry is the date of analysis. The last entry is the number of samples (usually 3 within 1 cm depth) and in regions with doubtful ice quality repeated measurements were made with plus/minus six to 10 cm depth resolution.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/vostok/vostok_co2-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Carbon Dioxide Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>analysis date","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvShortName":"Date"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless>count","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"num_samp"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"depth in G4 core","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_G4_m"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"depth in G5 core; +3.4 m relative to G4 core; used in publication","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"depth_G5_m"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"age associated with depth_G4_m","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_egt4air"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar year before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"age associated with depth_G5_m; used in publication","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_egt4air+3.4"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per million","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"averaged","cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>mechanical dry extraction|laboratory method>spectroscopy>laser spectroscopy>tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"CO2ave"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMaterial":"atmospheric material>bulk atmosphere","cvError":"standard deviation>one standard deviation","cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per million","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>mechanical dry extraction|laboratory method>spectroscopy>laser spectroscopy>tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"CO2sigma"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}