{"xmlId":"81483","NOAAStudyId":"40399","studyName":"Antarctica Station Dome Concordia Chemistry, Sea Water Temperature and Ocean Heat Content Data over the last 350ka","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/ny8e-3e40","uuid":"78712731-c4ee-441c-8bca-5276e5c3de47","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"ICE CORES","investigators":"Grimmer, M.; Baggenstos, D.; Schmitt, J.; Krauss, F.; Shackleton, S.; Severinghaus, J.; Fischer, H.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Markus","lastName":"Grimmer","initials":"M.","orcId":"0000-0001-8750-0582"},{"firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Baggenstos","initials":"D.","orcId":"0000-0001-9756-6884"},{"firstName":"Jochen","lastName":"Schmitt","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0003-4695-3029"},{"firstName":"Florian","lastName":"Krauss","initials":"F.","orcId":"0009-0003-4267-2841"},{"firstName":"Sarah","lastName":"Shackleton","initials":"S.","orcId":"0000-0001-5927-1954"},{"firstName":"Jeffrey","lastName":"Severinghaus","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0001-8883-3119"},{"firstName":"Hubertus","lastName":"Fischer","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-2787-4221"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"200021_155906, 200020_172506, 200020B_200328"}],"studyNotes":"Provided Keywords: ocean heat content, mean ocean temperature, noble gases, AMOC, millennial-scale variability, deglaciation, glacial termination, interglacial, glacial maximum, EPICA Dome C","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/40399","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-40399.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-icecore-40399.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Glacial","Interglacial","millennial resolution","Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction","Last Interglacial"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2024-12-23","entryId":"noaa-icecore-40399","earliestYearBP":346462,"mostRecentYearBP":500,"earliestYearCE":-344512,"mostRecentYearCE":1450,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Grimmer, Markus; Baggenstos, Daniel; Schmitt, Jochen; Krauss, Florian; Shackleton, Sarah; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Fischer, Hubertus"},"pubYear":2025,"title":"AMOC modulates ocean heat content during deglaciations","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52","edition":null,"issue":"6","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2024GL114415","citation":"Grimmer, Markus; Baggenstos, Daniel; Schmitt, Jochen; Krauss, Florian; Shackleton, Sarah; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Fischer, Hubertus. 2025. AMOC modulates ocean heat content during deglaciations. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(6), e2024GL114415. doi: 10.1029/2024GL114415","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2024GL114415","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114415"},"abstract":"During deglaciations, Earth takes up vast amounts of energy, about half of which heats the global ocean. Thus, ocean heat content (OHC) is a key metric to assess Earth's energy budget. Recent modeling studies suggest that OHC changes not only in response to orbitally driven climate change but is also modulated on millennial timescales by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we present the first OHC record for the last four deglaciations using noble-gas ratios in the EPICA Dome C ice core. The record reveals millennial-scale OHC variability in all studied deglaciations, most prominently as OHC maxima at the end of Terminations II, III, and IV. These millennial-scale OHC changes are anti-correlated with AMOC strength, suggesting that the AMOC modulates OHC across different climate states. Furthermore, given the magnitude of the end-of-termination OHC maxima, AMOC-induced OHC changes may be an important control of early interglacial atmospheric CO2, sea level, and climate.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","siteName":"Global","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-90","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":"3233","maxElevationMeters":"3233"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"EPICA Spline MOT, OHC Grimmer2024","NOAADataTableId":"53967","earliestYear":343500,"mostRecentYear":500,"timeUnit":"cal yr 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Station","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-75.1","123.333"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-75.1","northernmostLatitude":"-75.1","westernmostLongitude":"123.333","easternmostLongitude":"123.333","minElevationMeters":"3233","maxElevationMeters":"3233"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"EPICA Chemistry, MOT, OHC Grimmer2024","NOAADataTableId":"53966","earliestYear":346462,"mostRecentYear":833,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":346462,"mostRecentYearBP":833,"earliestYearCE":-344512,"mostRecentYearCE":1117,"coreLengthMeters":3260,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/grimmer2024/grimmer2024-chem-mot-ohc.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"EPICA Dome C Chemistry, Sea Water Temperature, and Ocean Heat Content Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE 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