{"xmlId":"82086","NOAAStudyId":"41022","studyName":"High-precision ice core measurements of CO2, d13CCO2, CH4, and N2O covering T-IV and the centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of MIS 9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/qskb-s898","uuid":"91f483bb-10d3-47dd-9482-55cc4e60ced1","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"ICE CORES","investigators":"Krauss, F.; Baggenstos, D.; Schmitt, J.; Tuzson; Menking, J.; Mächler, L.; Silva, L.C.R.; Grimmer, M.; Capron, E.; Stocker, T.F.; Bauska, T.K.; Fischer, H.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Florian","lastName":"Krauss","initials":"F.","orcId":"0009-0003-4267-2841"},{"firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Baggenstos","initials":"D.","orcId":"0000-0001-9756-6884"},{"firstName":"Jochen","lastName":"Schmitt","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0003-4695-3029"},{"firstName":"Béla","lastName":"Tuzson","initials":null,"orcId":"0000-0001-7442-5405"},{"firstName":"James","lastName":"Menking","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0002-5891-6711"},{"firstName":"Lars","lastName":"Mächler","initials":"L.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Lucas","lastName":"Silva","initials":"L.C.R.","orcId":"0000-0003-3623-213X"},{"firstName":"Markus","lastName":"Grimmer","initials":"M.","orcId":"0000-0001-8750-0582"},{"firstName":"Emilie","lastName":"Capron","initials":"E.","orcId":"0000-0003-0784-1884"},{"firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Stocker","initials":"T.F.","orcId":"0000-0003-1245-2728"},{"firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Bauska","initials":"T.K.","orcId":"0000-0003-1901-0367"},{"firstName":"Hubertus","lastName":"Fischer","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-2787-4221"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Royal Society","fundingGrant":"TKB (URF\\R\\231004)"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"200020_172506, 200020B_200328"},{"fundingAgency":"European Research Council (ERC)","fundingGrant":"667507"}],"studyNotes":"High-precision ice core (EDC) measurements of CO2, d13C-CO2, CH4, and N2O providing the first carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable, centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9).","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/41022","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-icecore-41022.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-icecore-41022.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2025-02-25","entryId":"noaa-icecore-41022","earliestYearBP":347462,"mostRecentYearBP":332042,"earliestYearCE":-345512,"mostRecentYearCE":-330092,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Florian Krauss, Daniel Baggenstos, Jochen Schmitt, Béla Tuzson, James A. Menking, Lars Mächler, Lucas Silva, Markus Grimmer, Emilie Capron, Thomas F. Stocker, Thomas K. Bauska and Hubertus Fischer"},"pubYear":2025,"title":"Multiple sources of atmospheric CO2 activated by AMOC recovery at the onset of interglacial MIS 9","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","volume":"122","edition":null,"issue":"23","pages":null,"reportNumber":"e2423057122","citation":"Florian Krauss, Daniel Baggenstos, Jochen Schmitt, Béla Tuzson, James A. Menking, Lars Mächler, Lucas Silva, Markus Grimmer, Emilie Capron, Thomas F. Stocker, Thomas K. Bauska and Hubertus Fischer. 2025. Multiple sources of atmospheric CO2 activated by AMOC recovery at the onset of interglacial MIS 9. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(23), e2423057122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423057122","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1073/pnas.2423057122","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423057122"},"abstract":"Using new high-precision ice core measurements of CO2, d13C-CO2, CH4, and N2O, this study provides the first carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable, centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9). The very end of the Heinrich stadial (HS) characterizing Termination IV (T-IV, ca. 343 to 333 ka ago) shows a 250-year-long jump in greenhouse gas concentrations, followed by a 1.3 ka gradual decline back to initial concentration. During this so-called overshoot, CO2 and CH4 reach their highest levels (about 303 ppm and 800 ppb, respectively) over the past 800 ka prior to industrialization. The jump in CO2 is not accompanied by a change in d13C-CO2, suggesting that multiple mechanisms contributed to the exceptionally elevated CO2 values. Following the jump, a slow 0.20 enrichment in d13C-CO2 occurs. We propose that during the jump the sudden resumption of deepwater formation in the North Atlantic (NA) triggered an amplified release of CO2 from the Southern Ocean (SO) by a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the SO westerlies, potentially in combination with a rapid land carbon release. The latter is expected from temporally enhanced wildfire activity related to higher fuel load and regionally changing weather conditions in connection to the ITCZ shift. A combination of marine proxy records and box model simulation suggests that the d13C-CO2 decrease expected from these processes is compensated by a net temperature increase in global sea surface temperature (SST) at the time of the AMOC resumption.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"60864","siteName":"Dome C (krauss2025)","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":null,"geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["-75.1","123.35"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-75.1","northernmostLatitude":"-75.1","westernmostLongitude":"123.35","easternmostLongitude":"123.35","minElevationMeters":"3233","maxElevationMeters":"3233"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"krauss2025_EDC","NOAADataTableId":"55010","earliestYear":347462,"mostRecentYear":332042,"timeUnit":"calendar year before present","earliestYearBP":347462,"mostRecentYearBP":332042,"earliestYearCE":-345512,"mostRecentYearCE":-330092,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/domec/krauss2025_edc.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Carbon Dioxide, d13C, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"ice_depth"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>nitrous oxide","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per billion","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>sublimation","cvAdditionalInfo":"EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"N2O_ppb"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>hydrocarbon>alkane>n-alkane>methane","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per billion","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>sublimation","cvAdditionalInfo":"EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"CH4_ppb"},{"cvDataType":"ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>sublimation","cvAdditionalInfo":"EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"d13C_CO2_vpdb"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbon dioxide","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per million","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>sampling method>gas extraction method>sublimation","cvAdditionalInfo":"EDC ice core; sublimation extraction (LISE-QCLAS)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"CO2_ppm"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE FORCING|ICE CORES","cvWhat":"age variable>age>gas age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"AICC2023 age scale (Bouchet et al. 2023)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"gas_age"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>ice core>atmospheric gas"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}