{"xmlId":"2292","NOAAStudyId":"8662","studyName":"Lake C2, Ellesmere Island Late Holocene Varve Index Data","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/fx4j-t096","uuid":"1be11127-cb70-453c-bd6f-612995c2abbf","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","investigators":"Lamoureux, S.F.; Bradley, R.S.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Lamoureux","initials":"S.F.","orcId":"0000-0002-6565-5804"},{"firstName":"Raymond","lastName":"Bradley","initials":"R.S.","orcId":"0000-0002-4032-9519"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"DPP-8 922082"}],"studyNotes":"Varve data from Lake C2, northern Ellesmere Island, Canada. Six sediment cores were selected from Lake C2 and cross-dated. Maximum measurements from each core ranged from 0.95 to 6.10 mm, due to the variable influence of thick turbidites. Two composite series were constructed, one based on raw data and another on data filtered to remove measurements suspected as graded. The measurement series were standardized. Two composite indices composed of unfiltered and 'filtered' data were constructed by averaging the index values from cores 8, 83, 84 and 85. In the filtered data series, couplets identified as turbidites were replaced with the series mean. Measurements from up to three cores contributed to each value in the final 3300 year composite indices with the majority derived from two cores. Disruptions in all but one core prevented crossdating for three sections of the composite: 3300-3106, 1542-1300, and 255-158 BP (varve years before 1991). Caution must be used when interpreting the sections of the composite record that were derived from data that was not cross-dated. Although no visible relationships or inconsistencies occur during periods without cross-dating, net errors of 0.4-10.6% or more could exist. Lake C2, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada: 82.8ºN, 77.9ºW.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/8662","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-8662.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-lake-8662.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/lake","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2009-10-01","entryId":"noaa-lake-8662","earliestYearBP":3259,"mostRecentYearBP":-37,"earliestYearCE":-1309,"mostRecentYearCE":1987,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Lamoureux, S.F., Bradley, R.S."},"pubYear":1996,"title":"A late Holocene varved sediment record of environmental change from northern Ellesmere Island, Canada","journal":"Journal of Paleolimnology","volume":"16","edition":null,"issue":"2","pages":"239-255","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Lamoureux, S.F., Bradley, R.S. 1996. A late Holocene varved sediment record of environmental change from northern Ellesmere Island, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology, 16(2), 239-255. doi: 10.1007/BF00176939","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1007/BF00176939","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176939"},"abstract":"A composite record of varve sedimentation is presented from high arctic meromictic Lake C2. The combination of a short runoff and sediment transport season with the strong density stratification of the lake lead to the formation of annual sediment couplets. This conclusion was confirmed by 210Pb determinations. High intra-lake correlation of the varves allowed the construction of a composite record of varve sedimentation from overlapping segments of multiple sediment cores. Cross-dating between core segments isolated counting errors in individual cores, that could be attributed to minor sediment disturbances and vague structures. Resolving counting errors by cross-dating reduced the chronological error of the composite series to an estimated ±57 years.\r\n\r\nThe Lake C2 series is the first non-ice cap, high resolution late-Holocene environmental record from the Canadian high arctic. The composite varve series compares favorably with other high resolution proxies from the arctic, in particular with the ice core records from Devon Island and Camp Century, Greenland. A general correspondence between the varve record and other North American proxies for the little Ice Age period (14001900 AD) suggests that the Lake C2 record is sensitive to large-scale synoptic changes.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22959","siteName":"Lake C2","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>North America>Canada>Nunavut","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["82.8","-77.9"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"82.8","northernmostLatitude":"82.8","westernmostLongitude":"-77.9","easternmostLongitude":"-77.9","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Lake C2 composite","NOAADataTableId":"12538","earliestYear":3259,"mostRecentYear":-37,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":3259,"mostRecentYearBP":-37,"earliestYearCE":-1309,"mostRecentYearCE":1987,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Composite of cores 8, 83, 84, and 85","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/canada/ellesmere/c2-1996-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Varve Thickness Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_CE"},{"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvWhat":"physical property>thickness>varve thickness","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mathematical unit>standard deviation unit","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"composited","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Composite average of cores 8+83+84+85; uncorrected for turbidites","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"thick.comp"},{"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvWhat":"physical property>thickness>varve thickness","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mathematical unit>standard deviation unit","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"composited|corrected","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Composite average of cores 8+83+84+85; corrected for turbidites (couplets identified as turbidites replaced with series mean)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"thick.comp.corr"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}