{"xmlId":"13477","NOAAStudyId":"15694","studyName":"Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Benthic d13C Stacks Over the Last 800 ka","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/74a7-gh21","uuid":"b0130616-a457-4a25-ada0-8144115d3ae0","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","investigators":"Lisiecki, L.E.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Lorraine","lastName":"Lisiecki","initials":"L.E.","orcId":"0000-0001-7859-0096"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"MGG-0926735"}],"studyNotes":"Changes in the d13C of Northern Component Water (NCW), Southern Component Water (SCW), and Pacific Deep Water (PDW) over the last 800 kyr are estimated by stacking (averaging) d13C records of Cibicidoides benthic foraminifera from each region. The stacks include all of the continuous records for each water mass spanning 0-800 ka with a temporal resolution of 5 kyr (see table). The age model for each d13C record is produced by aligning the cores benthic d18O record to the LR04 benthic 18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005).\n   List of cores used in the study:\n   Stack, Core, Lat, Long, Depth(m), Reference (see paper for full citations)\n   NCW, DSDP552, 56.0, -23.2, 2301, Shackleton and Hall (1984)\n   NCW, ODP658, 20.8, -18.7, 2264, Tiedemann (1991)\n   NCW, ODP980, 55.5, -14.7, 2169, Oppo et al. (1998); McManus et al. (1999); Flower et al. (2000)\n   NCW, ODP982, 57.5, -15.9, 1145, Venz et al. (1999); Venz and Hodell (2002)\n   NCW, ODP983, 60.4, -23.6, 1983, McIntyre et al. (1999); Raymo et al. (2004)\n   NCW, ODP984, 61, -24, 1650, Raymo et al. (2004)\n   SCW, ODP1089, -40.9, 9.9, 4621, Hodell et al. (2001)\n   SCW, ODP1090, -42.9, 8.9, 3702, Venz and Hodell (2002)\n   SCW, GeoB1211, -24.5, 7.5, 4085, Bickert and Wefer (1996)\n   PDW, ODP677, 4.2, -83.7, 3461, Shackleton et al. (1990)\n   PDW, ODP806B, 0.3, 159.4, 2520, Berger et al. (1996); Bickert et al. (1993)\n   PDW, ODP846, -3.1, -90.8, 3307, Mix et al. (1995a); Shackleton et al. (1995)\n   PDW, ODP849, 0.2, -110.5, 3851, Mix et al. (1995b)","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/15694","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-15694.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-ocean-15694.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":null,"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2013-12-12","entryId":"noaa-ocean-15694","earliestYearBP":800000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-798050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Lisiecki, L.E."},"pubYear":2010,"title":"A simple mixing explanation for late Pleistocene changes in the Pacific-South Atlantic benthic d13C gradient","journal":"Climate of the Past","volume":"6","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"305-314","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Lisiecki, L.E. 2010. A simple mixing explanation for late Pleistocene changes in the Pacific-South Atlantic benthic d13C gradient. Climate of the Past, 6, 305-314. doi: 10.5194/cp-6-305-2010","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.5194/cp-6-305-2010","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-305-2010"},"abstract":"The fact that the deep-ocean benthic ´13C minimum shifted from the North Pacific to the South Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum is often interpretted as evidence of a change in deep water circulation, such as the development of deep water ventilation in the North Pacific or a decrease in Southern Ocean overturning. This study re-evaluates the implications of changes in benthic ´13C gradients by comparing Pacific Deep Water (PDW) ´13C measurements with the values expected for the null hypothesis that PDW ventilation sources remained unchanged throughout the Late Pleistocene. The ´13C compositions of PDW, Northern Component Water (NCW) and Southern Component Water (SCW) are estimated from regional benthic ´13C stacks of 36 sites. Changes in PDW ´13C and PDW-SCW ´13C gradients over the past 800 kyr are found to be well described by a constant mixture of 60% NCW and 40% SCW plus a constant Pacific remineralization offset of 0.50. Thus, a change in PDW ventilation cannot be inferred solely on the basis of changes in the Pacific-South Atlantic benthic ´13C gradient.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55770","siteName":"Northeast Atlantic Ocean","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["20","61","-24","-14.7"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"20","northernmostLatitude":"61","westernmostLongitude":"-24","easternmostLongitude":"-14.7","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"d13C NCW Lisiecki10","NOAADataTableId":"25660","earliestYear":800000,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":800000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-798050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Cores used:\r\nStack, Core, Lat, Long, Depth(m), Reference (see paper for full citations)\r\n   PDW, ODP677, 4.2, -83.7, 3461, Shackleton et al. (1990)\r\n   PDW, ODP806B, 0.3, 159.4, 2520, Berger et al. (1996); Bickert et al. (1993)\r\n   PDW, ODP846, -3.1, -90.8, 3307, Mix et al. (1995a); Shackleton et al. (1995)\r\n   PDW, ODP849, 0.2, -110.5, 3851, Mix et al. (1995b)","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lisiecki2010-cp/lisiecki2010-cp-ncw.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","linkText":"lisiecki2010-cp-ncw.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil PDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"]}]}]},{"NOAASiteId":"55771","siteName":"Eastern South Atlantic","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>South Atlantic Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-42.9","-24.5","7.5","10"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-42.9","northernmostLatitude":"-24.5","westernmostLongitude":"7.5","easternmostLongitude":"10","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"d13C SCW Lisiecki10","NOAADataTableId":"25661","earliestYear":800000,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":800000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-798050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Cores used:\r\nStack, Core, Lat, Long, Depth(m), Reference (see paper for full citations)\r\n   SCW, ODP1089, -40.9, 9.9, 4621, Hodell et al. (2001)\r\n   SCW, ODP1090, -42.9, 8.9, 3702, Venz and Hodell (2002)\r\n   SCW, GeoB1211, -24.5, 7.5, 4085, Bickert and Wefer (1996)","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lisiecki2010-cp/lisiecki2010-cp-scw.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","linkText":"lisiecki2010-cp-scw.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil PDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"]}]}]},{"NOAASiteId":"55772","siteName":"Equatorial Pacific","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-5","5","159","-80"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"5","westernmostLongitude":"159","easternmostLongitude":"-80","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"d13C PDW Lisiecki10","NOAADataTableId":"25662","earliestYear":800000,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":800000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-798050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Cores used for PDW:\r\nStack, Core, Lat, Long, Depth(m), Reference (see paper for full citations)\r\n   PDW, ODP677, 4.2, -83.7, 3461, Shackleton et al. (1990)\r\n   PDW, ODP806B, 0.3, 159.4, 2520, Berger et al. (1996); Bickert et al. (1993)\r\n   PDW, ODP846, -3.1, -90.8, 3307, Mix et al. (1995a); Shackleton et al. (1995)\r\n   PDW, ODP849, 0.2, -110.5, 3851, Mix et al. (1995b)","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lisiecki2010-cp/lisiecki2010-cp-pdw.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","linkText":"lisiecki2010-cp-pdw.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil PDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}