{"xmlId":"17850","NOAAStudyId":"19982","studyName":"Global Sea Level Reconstruction using Stacked Records from 0-800 ka","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/rd66-5820","uuid":"266b34fc-7b99-49cb-83d3-7a3cd18c0c74","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","investigators":"Spratt, R.M.; Lisiecki, L.E.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Rachel","lastName":"Spratt","initials":"R.M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Lorraine","lastName":"Lisiecki","initials":"L.E.","orcId":"0000-0001-7859-0096"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"Late Pleistocene sea level stack based on marine sediment core data (foraminiferal carbonate d18O) as estimated by several different techniques in seven different studies. Sea level stack is a compilation data from the following published sea level reconstructions: Bintanja, R., Roderik, S.W., van de Wal, O. J.: Modeled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years, Nature, 437, 125-128  doi:10.1038/nature03975, 2005. ; Elderfield, H., Ferretti, P., Greaves, M., Crowhurst, S. J., McCave, I.N., Hodell, D. A., Piotrowski, A. M.: Evolution of ocean temperature and ice volume through the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition, Science, 337,6095, 704-709, doi:10.1126/science.1221294, 2012.; Rohling, E.J., Grant, K., Bolshaw, M., Roberts, A.P., Siddall, M., Hemleben, C., Kucera, M.: Antarctic temperature and global sea level closely coupled over the past five glacial cycles. Nat. Geosci., 2, 500504, 2009.; Rohling, E. J., Grant, K.M., Bolshaw, M., Roberts, A. P., Siddall, M., Hemleben C. Kucera, M., Foster, G.L., Marino, G., Roberts, A.P., Tamisiea, M.E., and Williams, F.:  Sea-level and deep-sea-temperature variability over the past 5.3 million years, Nature, 508, 477482, 2014.; Shakun, J. D., Lea, D. W., Lisiecki, L. E., Raymo, M. E.: An 800-kyr record of global surface ocean d18O and implications for ice volume-temperature coupling, Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett., 426, 5868, 2015.; Sosdian S., Rosenthal Y.: Deep-Sea Temperature and Ice Volume Changes Across the Pliocene-Pleistocene Climate Transitions, Science, 17, 325, 5938, 306-310, doi: 10.1126/science.1169938, 2009.; Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L.,  Michel, E., Duplessy J.C., McManus J.: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 295305, 2002.\n      Provided Keywords: sea level, Pleistocene","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/19982","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-19982.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-ocean-19982.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Sea Level Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2016-04-11","entryId":"noaa-ocean-19982","earliestYearBP":798000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-796050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Rachel M. Spratt and Lorraine E. Lisiecki"},"pubYear":2016,"title":"A Late Pleistocene sea level stack","journal":"Climate of the Past","volume":"12","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"1079-1092","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Rachel M. Spratt and Lorraine E. Lisiecki. 2016. A Late Pleistocene sea level stack. Climate of the Past, 12, 1079-1092. doi: 10.5194/cp-12-1079-2016","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.5194/cp-12-1079-2016","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1079-2016"},"abstract":"Late Pleistocene sea level has been reconstructed from ocean sediment core data using a wide variety of proxies and models. However, the accuracy of individual reconstructions is limited by measurement error, local variations in salinity and temperature, and assumptions particular to each technique. Here we present a sea level stack (average) which increases the signal-to-noise ratio of individual reconstructions. Specifically, we perform principal component analysis (PCA) on seven records from 0-430 ka and five records from 0-798 ka. The first principal component, which we use as the stack, describes ~80% of the variance in the data and is similar using either five or seven records. After scaling the stack based on Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea level estimates, the stack agrees to within 5 m with isostatically adjusted coral sea level estimates for Marine Isotope Stages 5e and 11 (125 and 400 ka, respectively). Bootstrapping and random sampling yield mean uncertainty estimates of 9-12 m (1s) for the scaled stack. Sea level change accounts for about 45% of the total orbital-band variance in benthic d18O, compared to a 65% contribution during the LGM-to-Holocene transition. Additionally, the second and third principal components of our analyses reflect differences between proxy records associated with spatial variations in the d18O of seawater.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56778","siteName":"Global 61.5N to 41S","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-40.937","61.425","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-40.937","northernmostLatitude":"61.425","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"global_sealevel_stack Spratt16","NOAADataTableId":"30643","earliestYear":798000,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":798000,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-796050,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"For cores with benthic foraminiferal carbonate d18O, age models were developed by aligning the carbonate d18O to the \"LR04\" benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, Paleoceanography, 2005). In most cases, this was the published timescale of the original record. For cores which lacked benthic carbonate d18O, their sea level estimates were aligned to the sea level estimates of the records that were already on the LR04 age model.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/spratt2016/spratt2016-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Sea Level Stack data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka); standard deviation from bootstrap; meters above modern sea level","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_shortPC1"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"standard deviation>one standard deviation","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_shortPC1_err_sig"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"confidence interval>95% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_shortPC1_err_lo"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"confidence interval>95% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_shortPC1_err_up"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka); meters above modern sea level","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_longPC1"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"standard deviation>one standard deviation","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_longPC1_err_sig"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"confidence interval>95% confidence interval lower bound","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_longPC1_err_lo"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvError":"confidence interval>95% confidence interval upper bound","cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"SeaLev_longPC1_err_up"},{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age_calkaBP"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}