{"xmlId":"80618","NOAAStudyId":"39499","studyName":"Global Sea Level Reconstruction Data over the past 66 Myr","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/9zh7-kb43","uuid":"f2805e92-3b99-4ece-9dbf-2cdad3709d06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","investigators":"Miller, K.G.; Schmelz, W.J.; Browning, J.V.; Rosenthal, Y.; Hess, A.V.; Kopp, R.E.; Wright, J.D.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Kenneth","lastName":"Miller","initials":"K.G.","orcId":"0000-0002-7583-7425"},{"firstName":"W. John","lastName":"Schmelz","initials":"W.J.","orcId":"0000-0002-2588-7985"},{"firstName":"James","lastName":"Browning","initials":"J.V.","orcId":"0000-0002-0664-6342"},{"firstName":"Yair","lastName":"Rosenthal","initials":"Y.","orcId":"0000-0002-7546-6011"},{"firstName":"Anya","lastName":"Hess","initials":"A.V.","orcId":"0000-0001-9272-2534"},{"firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Kopp","initials":"R.E.","orcId":"0000-0003-4016-9428"},{"firstName":"James","lastName":"Wright","initials":"J.D.","orcId":"0000-0001-5212-9146"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE16-57013 and OCE14-63759"},{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Energy","fundingGrant":"DE-FOA-002000"}],"studyNotes":"We estimate ice-volume driven (barystatic; BSL) sea-level changes for the Cenozoic using new Mg/Ca data from 58 to 48 Ma and a revised analysis of Mg/Ca trends over the past 66 Myr. We combine records of BSL, temperature-driven sea level, and long-term ocean basin volume variations to derive a new global mean geocentric sea level (GMGSL; eustatic) estimate.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39499","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-39499.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-ocean-39499.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Sea Level Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2024-05-16","entryId":"noaa-ocean-39499","earliestYearBP":66610889,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-66608939,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"K. G. Miller, W. J. Schmelz, J. V. Browning, Y. Rosenthal, A. V. Hess, R. E. Kopp and J. D. Wright"},"pubYear":2024,"title":"Global Mean and Relative Sea-Level Changes Over the Past 66 Myr: Implications for Early Eocene Ice Sheets","journal":"Earth Science, Systems and  Society","volume":"3","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"10091","reportNumber":null,"citation":"K. G. Miller, W. J. Schmelz, J. V. Browning, Y. Rosenthal, A. V. Hess, R. E. Kopp and J. D. Wright. 2024. Global Mean and Relative Sea-Level Changes Over the Past 66 Myr: Implications for Early Eocene Ice Sheets. Earth Science, Systems and  Society, 3, 10091. doi: 10.3389/esss.2023.10091","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.3389/esss.2023.10091","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/esss.2023.10091"},"abstract":"We estimate ice-volume driven (barystatic; BSL) sea-level changes for the Cenozoic using new Mg/Ca data from 58 to 48 Ma and a revised analysis of Mg/Ca trends over the past 66 Myr. We combine records of BSL, temperature-driven sea level, and long-term ocean basin volume variations to derive a new global mean geocentric sea level (GMGSL; eustatic) estimate. Bayesian analysis with Gaussian process priors shows that our BSL estimate shares a component that covaries on the Myr scale with backstripped relative sea-level (RSL) estimates (accounting for compaction, loading, and thermal subsidence) from the US Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, validating our method and estimates with errors of ±10 m. Peak warmth, elevated GMGSL and BSL, high CO2, and ice-free conditions occurred at times in the Paleocene to Eocene (ca. 64, 57.5, 35 Ma) and in much of the Early Eocene (5548 Ma). However, our new results show that the Early Eocene was punctuated at specific times by several Myr-scale sea level lowerings (~2040 m) that require growth and decay of significant continental ice sheets even in the supposedly ice-free world. Continental-scale ice sheets waxed and waned beginning ca. 34 Ma (>50 m BSL changes), with near complete collapse during the Miocene Climate Optimum (1714.8 Ma). Both the BSL and RSL estimates have markedly higher Oligocene to Early Miocene Myr-scale amplitudes (2060 m) than recently published d18O-based estimates (<20 m) and much lower estimates than those of Exxon Production Research (>100 m), leading us to reject those estimates. The US Mid-Atlantic margin RSL was dominated by GMGSL but was overprinted by changes in mantle dynamic topography on the several Myr scale, showing approximately 50m higher Eocene estimates and regionally propagating Miocene RSL changes.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56870","siteName":"Global Ocean","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-80","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-80","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"miller2024-sealevel","NOAADataTableId":"52386","earliestYear":66610889,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":66610889,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-66608939,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/global/miller2024/miller2024-sealevel.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Sea Level Reconstruction Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"A revised paleotemperature estimate that incorporates the d18Ob record it represents paleotemperature assuming 20% of the variability in d18Osw calculated using pT_R0 and a benthic foraminiferal paleotemperature equation is caused temperature variation.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"pT_R1"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Barystatic sea level estimate that is calculated using pT_R1 a benthic foraminiferal paleotemperature equation and a 0.13/10 m d18Osw to sea level calibration.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"BSL_R1"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Trend of BSL_R1 calculated using a LOESS algorithm with an 800 kyr window.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"BSL_R1_trend"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"A second revised paleotemperature estimate that incorporates the d18Ob record it represents paleotemperature if Milankovitch-scale variation in BSL_R1 were reduced using scaling equations that are a function of long-term sea level (see Eq. 9 and Eq. 10 of Miller et al. 2023) effectively increasing the fraction of d18Ob variation attributable to temperature when sea level is high.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"pT_R2"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Barystatic sea level estimate that is calculated using pT_R2 a benthic foraminiferal paleotemperature equation and a 0.13/10 m d18Osw to sea level calibration.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"BSL_R2"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Trend of BSL_R2 calculated using a LOESS algorithm with an 800 kyr window.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"BSL_R2_trend"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"The variation in sea level attributable to changes in the shape of the ocean basins through time from Wright et al. (2020).","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"OBVSL_wright"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Estimate of thermosteric sea level change that represents a 0.7906 m sea level change per degree of deep-sea temperature change (from regression of Hieronymus 2019).","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Thermosteric_SL_Eq_a"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Estimate of thermosteric sea level change that represents a 0.4891 m sea level change per degree of deep-sea temperature change (from regression of Hieronymus 2019).","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Thermosteric_SL_Eq_b"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>geographic variable>sea level","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"length unit>meter","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Global mean geocentric sea level estimate that is the sum of BSL_R2 thermosteric SL Eq. a and OBVSL.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"GMGSL"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>calendar kiloyear before present","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"Age"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Initial long-term deep sea temperature estimate generated using a 1.5 Myr LOESS regression of underlying Mg/Ca paleotemperature measurements.","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"pT_0"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}