{"xmlId":"7407","NOAAStudyId":"8623","studyName":"Subpolar North Atlantic Holocene Temperature and Salinity Reconstructions","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/snrf-6a70","uuid":"af32a2d6-cd49-44ef-b124-421a057720e2","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","investigators":"Thornalley, D.J.R.; McCave, I.N.; Elderfield, H.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Thornalley","initials":"D.J.R.","orcId":"0000-0001-5885-5499"},{"firstName":"Nick","lastName":"McCave","initials":"I.N.","orcId":"0000-0002-4702-5489"},{"firstName":"Henry","lastName":"Elderfield","initials":"H.","orcId":null}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"Rapid Climate Change programme"}],"studyNotes":"Planktonic data with temperature and salinity reconstructions for northeast Atlantic core RAPiD-12-1K.  Data collected by David J.R. Thornalley (Univ. of Cambridge); Principal Investigator I. Nick McCave (Univ. of Cambridge).  Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge. Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T) where B = 0.794 and 0.675 for G. bulloides and G. inflata, respectively. Salinity calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997) to obtain d18Osw, including a 0.520 offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.270; converted to salinity using Schmidt and Legrande (2006) N. Atlantic d18Osw-S relationship; corrected for whole ocean salinity changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming an average ocean depth of 3800 m, and average ocean salinity of 34.7 psu. Density calculated using seawater equation of state. RAPiD-12-1K, cruise CD-159: 62°05.43'N, 17°49.18'W, 1,938m depth","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/8623","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-8623.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-ocean-8623.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","PAGES Arctic 2k","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","PAGES 2k Network"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2009-09-01","entryId":"noaa-ocean-8623","earliestYearBP":11868,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-9918,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave"},"pubYear":2009,"title":"Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic","journal":"Nature","volume":"457","edition":null,"issue":"5","pages":"711-714","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave. 2009. Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic. Nature, 457(5), 711-714. doi: 10.1038/nature07717","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/nature07717","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07717"},"abstract":"The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transports warm salty surface waters to high latitudes, where they cool, sink and return southwards at depth. Through its attendant meridional heat transport, the AMOC helps maintain a warm northwestern European climate, and acts as a control on the global climate. Past climate fluctuations during the Holocene epoch (~11,700 years ago to the present) have been linked with changes in North Atlantic Ocean circulation. The behaviour of the surface flowing salty water that helped drive overturning during past climatic changes is, however, not well known. Here we investigate the temperature and salinity changes of a substantial surface inflow to a region of deep-water formation throughout the Holocene. We find that the inflow has undergone millennial-scale variations in temperature and salinity (~3.5°C and ~1.5 practical salinity units, respectively) most probably controlled by subpolar gyre dynamics. The temperature and salinity variations correlate with previously reported periods of rapid climate change. The inflow becomes more saline during enhanced freshwater flux to the subpolar North Atlantic. Model studies predict a weakening of AMOC in response to enhanced Arctic freshwater fluxes, although the inflow can compensate on decadal timescales by becoming more saline. Our data suggest that such a negative feedback mechanism may have operated during past intervals of climate change.","pubRank":"1"},{"author":{"name":"Kim, S.-T. and J.R. O'Neil"},"pubYear":1997,"title":"Equilibrium and non-equilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates","journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","volume":"61","edition":null,"issue":"16","pages":"3461-3475","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kim, S.-T. and J.R. O'Neil. 1997. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61(16), 3461-3475. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00169-5","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00169-5","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00169-5"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"3"},{"author":{"name":"LeGrande, A.N. and G.A. Schmidt"},"pubYear":2006,"title":"Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"33","edition":null,"issue":"12","pages":null,"reportNumber":"L12604","citation":"LeGrande, A.N. and G.A. Schmidt. 2006. Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(12), L12604. doi: 10.1029/2006GL026011","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1029/2006GL026011","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026011"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"4"},{"author":{"name":"Fairbanks, R.G."},"pubYear":1989,"title":"A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation","journal":"Nature","volume":"342","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"637-642","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Fairbanks, R.G. 1989. A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642. doi: 10.1038/342637a0","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/342637a0","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342637a0"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22917","siteName":"RAPiD-12-1K","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["62.08","-17.82"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"62.08","northernmostLatitude":"62.08","westernmostLongitude":"-17.82","easternmostLongitude":"-17.82","minElevationMeters":"-1938","maxElevationMeters":"-1938"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"RAPiD-12-1K","NOAADataTableId":"12472","earliestYear":11868,"mostRecentYear":0,"timeUnit":"cal yr BP","earliestYearBP":11868,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":-9918,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"G. bulloides d18O values have been adjusted using the published offset of 0.52 ¿.","species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/rap12-1k-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","linkText":"rap12-1k-tab.txt","variables":[{"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil PDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"d18O difference (inc. 0.520 G.bulloides vital effect) (G. bulloides - 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