{"xmlId":"9116","NOAAStudyId":"10452","studyName":"Southern South America Multiproxy 1100 Year Temperature Reconstructions","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/r902-p651","uuid":"247f625d-e8fa-4e4a-98a2-401514874733","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","investigators":"Neukom, R.; Luterbacher, J.; Villalba, R.; Küttel, M.; Frank, D.C.; Jones, P.D.; Grosjean, M.; Wanner, H.; Aravena, J.C.; Black, D.E.; Christie, D.A.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Lara, A.; Morales, M.S.; Soliz-Gamboa, C.; Srur, A.M.; Urrutia, R.; von Gunten, L.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Raphael","lastName":"Neukom","initials":"R.","orcId":"0000-0001-9392-0997"},{"firstName":"Jürg","lastName":"Luterbacher","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0002-8569-0973"},{"firstName":"Ricardo","lastName":"Villalba","initials":"R.","orcId":"0000-0001-8183-0310"},{"firstName":"Marcel","lastName":"Küttel","initials":"M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Frank","initials":"D.C.","orcId":"0000-0001-5463-5640"},{"firstName":"Philip","lastName":"Jones","initials":"P.D.","orcId":"0000-0001-5032-5493"},{"firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Grosjean","initials":"M.","orcId":"0000-0002-3553-8842"},{"firstName":"Heinz","lastName":"Wanner","initials":"H.","orcId":"0000-0002-9410-2491"},{"firstName":"Juan","lastName":"Aravena","initials":"J.C.","orcId":"0000-0001-7472-6478"},{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Black","initials":"D.E.","orcId":"0000-0002-9601-6642"},{"firstName":"Duncan","lastName":"Christie","initials":"D.A.","orcId":"0000-0003-2540-0986"},{"firstName":"Rosanne","lastName":"D'Arrigo","initials":"R.D.","orcId":"0000-0002-9797-0796"},{"firstName":"Antonio","lastName":"Lara","initials":"A.","orcId":"0000-0003-4998-4584"},{"firstName":"Mariano","lastName":"Morales","initials":"M.S.","orcId":"0000-0002-5869-2746"},{"firstName":"Claudia","lastName":"Soliz-Gamboa","initials":"C.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Ana","lastName":"Srur","initials":"A.M.","orcId":"0000-0001-8533-5296"},{"firstName":"Roberto","lastName":"Urrutia","initials":"R.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Lucien","lastName":"von Gunten","initials":"L.","orcId":"0000-0003-0425-2881"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"ACQWA 212250"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NCCR Climate"}],"studyNotes":"This dataset contains the austral summer (DJF) and winter (JJA) \nsurface temmperature reconstructions for southern South America (SSA) \nas presented in Neukom et al. 2010.  The data are based on the \nPCR reconstruction (details see paper) and cover the following periods:\nSummer: 900-1995\nWinter: 1706-1995\n\n\nWe provide the spatial mean as well as spatially explicit datasets.\n\nFiles for the SSA Means:\nSummer: SSA-Mean_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.txt\nWinter: SSA-Mean_Recon_JJA_1706-1995.txt\n\nThe Files contain the following columns: \nYears, SSA-Mean temperature anomalies wrt 1901-1995 [°C], \n2SE uncertainties lower bound [°C], 2SE uncertainties upper bound [°C]\n\nThe spatial reconstructions are provided in 0.5°x0.5° resolution \nand in NetCDF and text format:\nSummer: SSA_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.nc and SSA_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.txt\nWinter: SSA_Rekon_JJA_1706-1995.nc and SSA_Rekon_JJA_1706-1995.txt\nThe text file contain the following columns: \nYear, Temperature anomalies wrt 1931-1995 [°C] of grid-cell 1, \nTemperature anomalies of grid-cell 2, ... , Temperature anomalies \nof grid-cell 9191 \n\nThe grid cells are structured as follows:\nThere are 9191 cells representing 101 longitudes (80.25°W to 30.25°W) \nand 91 latitudes (64.75°S to 19.75°S) \n\nCell 1 represents the southwestern corner of the area (80.25°W,64.75°S)\nCell 2 represents the next cell eastward of cell 1 (79.75°W,64.75°S)\n...\nCell 101 represent the southeastern corner of the area (30.25°W,64.75°S)\nCell 102 represents the coordinates (80.25°W,64.25°S)\n...\nCell 9191 represents the northeastern corner of the area (30.25°W,19.75°S)\nOnly the land-gridcells (2358 cells) contain data, all other cells have \n\"NA\" values.\n   ","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/10452","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-10452.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-10452.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","Medieval Warm Period","PAGES 2k Network","PAGES LOTRED SA2k"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2010-03-31","entryId":"noaa-recon-10452","earliestYearBP":1050,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"earliestYearCE":900,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Neukom, R., J. Luterbacher, R. Villalba, M. Küttel, D. Frank, P.D. Jones, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner, J.-C. Aravena, D.E. Black, D.A. Christie, R. D'Arrigo, A. Lara, M. Morales, C. Soliz-Gamboa, A. Srur, R. Urrutia, and L. von Gunten"},"pubYear":2011,"title":"Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field  reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries","journal":"Climate Dynamics","volume":"37","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"3551","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Neukom, R., J. Luterbacher, R. Villalba, M. Küttel, D. Frank, P.D. Jones, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner, J.-C. Aravena, D.E. Black, D.A. Christie, R. D'Arrigo, A. Lara, M. Morales, C. Soliz-Gamboa, A. Srur, R. Urrutia, and L. von Gunten. 2011. Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field  reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries. Climate Dynamics, 37, 3551. doi: 10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3"},"abstract":"We statistically reconstruct austral summer (winter) surface air temperature fields back to ad 900 (1706) using 22 (20) annually resolved predictors from natural and human archives from southern South America (SSA). This represents the first regional-scale climate field reconstruction for parts of the Southern Hemisphere at this high temporal resolution. We apply three different reconstruction techniques: multivariate principal component regression, composite plus scaling, and regularized expectation maximization. There is generally good agreement between the results of the three methods on interannual and decadal timescales. The field reconstructions allow us to describe differences and similarities in the temperature evolution of different sub-regions of SSA. The reconstructed SSA mean summer temperatures between 900 and 1350 are mostly above the 19011995 climatology. After 1350, we reconstruct a sharp transition to colder conditions, which last until approximately 1700. The summers in the eighteenth century are relatively warm with a subsequent cold relapse peaking around 1850. In the twentieth century, summer temperatures reach conditions similar to earlier warm periods. The winter temperatures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were mostly below the twentieth century average. The uncertainties of our reconstructions are generally largest in the eastern lowlands of SSA, where the coverage with proxy data is poorest. Verifications with independent summer temperature proxies and instrumental measurements suggest that the interannual and multi-decadal variations of SSA temperatures are well captured by our reconstructions. This new dataset can be used for data/model comparison and data assimilation as well as for detection and attribution studies at sub-continental scales.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"37099","siteName":"Southern South America","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Continent>South America","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-64.75","-19.75","-80.25","-30.25"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-64.75","northernmostLatitude":"-19.75","westernmostLongitude":"-80.25","easternmostLongitude":"-30.25","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Neukom2010","NOAADataTableId":"19254","earliestYear":900,"mostRecentYear":1995,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":1050,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"earliestYearCE":900,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2010/readme-neukom2010.txt","urlDescription":"Readme","linkText":"readme-neukom2010.txt","variables":[],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"]},{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2010/neukom2010.zip","urlDescription":"Original 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