{"xmlId":"9913","NOAAStudyId":"11749","studyName":"Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/17jb-fg08","uuid":"0b669855-3f2d-4ade-8911-012454050524","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","investigators":"Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Rob","lastName":"Wilson","initials":"R.J.S.","orcId":"0000-0003-4486-8904"},{"firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Cook","initials":"E.R.","orcId":"0000-0001-7478-4176"},{"firstName":"Rosanne","lastName":"D'Arrigo","initials":"R.D.","orcId":"0000-0002-9797-0796"},{"firstName":"Nadja","lastName":"Riedwyl","initials":"N.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Evans","initials":"M.N.","orcId":"0000-0003-3727-6898"},{"firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Tudhope","initials":"A.W.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Allan","initials":"R.J.","orcId":"0000-0003-4065-6883"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Commission MILLENNIUM Integrated Project","fundingGrant":"017008-2 MILLENNIUM"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 04-02474, ATM 03-49356"},{"fundingAgency":"UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NER/GR3/ 12021"},{"fundingAgency":"Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"UK Met Office Hadley Centre","fundingGrant":"Integrated Climate Programme"},{"fundingAgency":"UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)","fundingGrant":"GA01101"},{"fundingAgency":"UK Ministry of Defence (MoD)","fundingGrant":"CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5"}],"studyNotes":"Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, utilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO region in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for other tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. The first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), located in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are positively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. The second region is the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other tropical areas where SSTs are either inversely (e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. Independent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were developed for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: (1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, and (3) regularised expectation maximisation.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11749","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11749.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-11749.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["ENSO","Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2011-06-29","entryId":"noaa-recon-11749","earliestYearBP":410,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"earliestYearCE":1540,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan"},"pubYear":2010,"title":"Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"25","edition":null,"issue":"1","pages":"6278","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25(1), 6278. doi: 10.1002/jqs.1297","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1002/jqs.1297","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1297"},"abstract":"In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from (1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the USA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals and an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific SSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions are strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison shows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the 19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related to insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records or a breakdown in El NinoSouthern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence on other regions. However, spectral analysis indicates that each reconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed epoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a generally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic events in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that each of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this 'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. This result may reflect published observations that there appear to be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location within the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential dating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple coral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time stability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. More emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral proxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical Pacific region.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54325","siteName":"Nino3.4","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-5","5","-170","-120"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-5","northernmostLatitude":"5","westernmostLongitude":"-170","easternmostLongitude":"-120","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"sst_coa_wilson2010","NOAADataTableId":"38721","earliestYear":1607,"mostRecentYear":2007,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":343,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"earliestYearCE":1607,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010-coa-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Center of Action Proxy Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>circulation index>El Niņo Southern Oscillation Index>Niņo 3.4 sea surface temperature index","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":"computational method>statistical analysis method>compositing method>composite plus regression","cvAdditionalInfo":"center of action proxies; 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