{"xmlId":"65814","NOAAStudyId":"26850","studyName":"Global Common Era Multiproxy Temperature Field Reconstructions","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/fbzb-1n14","uuid":"d2a481f3-28d0-4595-9858-be8478658791","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","investigators":"Neukom, R.; Steiger, N.J.; Gómez-Navarro, J.J.; Wang, J.; Werner, J.P.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Raphael","lastName":"Neukom","initials":"R.","orcId":"0000-0001-9392-0997"},{"firstName":"Nathan","lastName":"Steiger","initials":"N.J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Juan","lastName":"Gómez-Navarro","initials":"J.J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Jianghao","lastName":"Wang","initials":"J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Johannes","lastName":"Werner","initials":"J.P.","orcId":null}],"version":"1.0","funding":[],"studyNotes":"Global gridded surface temperature reconstructions for the Common Era at 5 degree resolution.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/26850","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-26850.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-26850.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2019-07-24","entryId":"noaa-recon-26850","earliestYearBP":1949,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"earliestYearCE":1,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Raphael Neukom, Nathan Steiger, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Jianghao Wang and Johannes P. Werner"},"pubYear":2019,"title":"No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the pre-industrial Common Era","journal":"Nature","volume":"571","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"550-554","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Raphael Neukom, Nathan Steiger, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Jianghao Wang and Johannes P. Werner. 2019. No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the pre-industrial Common Era. Nature, 571, 550-554. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2"},"abstract":"Earth's climate history is often understood by breaking it down into constituent climatic epochs. Over the Common Era (the past 2,000 years) these epochs, such as the Little Ice Age, have been characterized as having occurred at the same time across extensive spatial scales. Although the rapid global warming seen in observations over the past 150 years does show nearly global coherence, the spatiotemporal coherence of climate epochs earlier in the Common Era has yet to be robustly tested. Here we use global palaeoclimate reconstructions for the past 2,000 years, and find no evidence for preindustrial globally coherent cold and warm epochs. In particular, we find that the coldest epoch of the last millennium - the putative Little Ice Age - is most likely to have experienced the coldest temperatures during the fifteenth century in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, during the seventeenth century in northwestern Europe and southeastern North America, and during the mid-nineteenth century over most of the remaining regions. Furthermore, the spatial coherence that does exist over the preindustrial Common Era is consistent with the spatial coherence of stochastic climatic variability. This lack of spatiotemporal coherence indicates that preindustrial forcing was not sufficient to produce globally synchronous extreme temperatures at multidecadal and centennial timescales. By contrast, we find that the warmest period of the past two millennia occurred during the twentieth century for more than 98 per cent of the globe. This provides strong evidence that anthropogenic global warming is not only unparalleled in terms of absolute temperatures, but also unprecedented in spatial consistency within the context of the past 2,000 years.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","siteName":"Global","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"-90","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Neukom2019temp","NOAADataTableId":"39577","earliestYear":1,"mostRecentYear":2000,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":1949,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"earliestYearCE":1,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/neukom2019/","urlDescription":"Data Folder","linkText":"Global Common Era Multiproxy Temperature Field Reconstructions","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"angle unit>degree>degree north","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"angle unit>degree>degree east","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":"ensemble member","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual>Apr-Mar","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"analogue method","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":"ensemble member","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual>Apr-Mar","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"canonical correlation analysis","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":"ensemble member","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual>Apr-Mar","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"composite plus scale","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":"ensemble member","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual>Apr-Mar","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"data assimilation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":"ensemble member","cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"annual>Apr-Mar","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"principal component regression","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":null}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}