{"xmlId":"75252","NOAAStudyId":"33632","studyName":"Northern Hemisphere 1262 year NTREND Assimilation Surface Temperature Reconstructions","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/vey7-kx38","uuid":"f1cd4a22-4e89-4393-a89b-b5b9c325134e","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","investigators":"King, J.M.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Tierney, J.E.; Hakim, G.J.; Emile-Geay, J.; Zhu, F.; Wilson, R.J.S.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Jonathan","lastName":"King","initials":"J.M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Anchukaitis","initials":"K.J.","orcId":"0000-0002-8509-8080"},{"firstName":"Jessica","lastName":"Tierney","initials":"J.E.","orcId":"0000-0002-9080-9289"},{"firstName":"Greg","lastName":"Hakim","initials":"G.J.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Julien","lastName":"Emile-Geay","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0001-5920-4751"},{"firstName":"Feng","lastName":"Zhu","initials":"F.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Rob","lastName":"Wilson","initials":"R.J.S.","orcId":"0000-0003-4486-8904"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1702423, AGS-1803946, AGS-1602301"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)","fundingGrant":"Climate Program Office NA18OAR4310420, NA18OAR4310426, NA18OAR4310422"},{"fundingAgency":"Heising-Simons Foundation","fundingGrant":"2016-05"}],"studyNotes":"Reconstructed surface temperature anomalies from 750 CE to 2011 CE. Reconstructions were generated by assimilating the NTREND network with output from general circulation models using offline ensemble Kalman Filters with stationary priors and linear, seasonal proxy-system models. Each file provides the reconstruction for one model in the reconstruction ensemble, or the ensemble-mean reconstruction. Each reconstruction includes the spatio-temporal reconstruction field, time series of the mean extratropical temperature index, and associated uncertainties. All temperature anomalies are relative to the 1951-1980 CE mean. The code and input datasets used to generate the reconstructions are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989941\r\n        Provided Keywords: Data assimilation, Kalman Filter, Tree-ring, Last Millennium","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/33632","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-33632.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-33632.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2021-06-25","entryId":"noaa-recon-33632","earliestYearBP":1200,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"earliestYearCE":750,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"King, Jonathan M.; Anchukaitis, Kevin; Tierney, Jessica; Hakim, Gregory; Emile-Geay, Julien; Zhu, Feng; Wilson, Rob"},"pubYear":2021,"title":"A Data Assimilation Approach to Last Millennium Temperature Field Reconstruction using a Limited High-Sensitivity Proxy Network","journal":"Journal of Climate","volume":"34","edition":null,"issue":"17","pages":"70917111","reportNumber":null,"citation":"King, Jonathan M.; Anchukaitis, Kevin; Tierney, Jessica; Hakim, Gregory; Emile-Geay, Julien; Zhu, Feng; Wilson, Rob. 2021. A Data Assimilation Approach to Last Millennium Temperature Field Reconstruction using a Limited High-Sensitivity Proxy Network. Journal of Climate, 34(17), 70917111. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.1","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.1","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.1"},"abstract":"We use the Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Network Development (NTREND) tree-ring database to examine the effects of using a small, highly sensitive proxy network for paleotemperature data assimilation over the last millennium. We first evaluate our methods using pseudoproxy experiments. These indicate that spatial assimilations using this network are skillful in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere and improve on previous NTREND reconstructions based on point-by-point regression. We also find our method is sensitive to climate model biases when the number of sites becomes small. Based on these experiments, we then assimilate the real NTREND network. To quantify model prior uncertainty, we produce 10 separate reconstructions, each assimilating a different climate model. These reconstructions are most dissimilar prior to 1100 CE, when the network becomes sparse, but show greater consistency as the network grows. Temporal variability is also underestimated before 1100 CE. Our assimilation method produces spatial uncertainty estimates, and these identify tree-line North America and eastern Siberia as regions that would most benefit from development of new millennial-length temperature-sensitive tree-ring records. We compare our multimodel mean reconstruction to five existing paleotemperature products to examine the range of reconstructed responses to radiative forcing. We find substantial differences in the spatial patterns and magnitudes of reconstructed responses to volcanic eruptions and in the transition between the Medieval epoch and Little Ice Age. These extant uncertainties call for the development of a paleoclimate reconstruction intercomparison framework for systematically examining the consequences of proxy network composition and reconstruction methodology and for continued expansion of tree-ring proxy networks.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52563","siteName":"Northern Hemisphere Extratropics","siteCode":null,"mappable":"N","locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POLYGON","coordinates":["30","90","-180","180"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"30","northernmostLatitude":"90","westernmostLongitude":"-180","easternmostLongitude":"180","minElevationMeters":null,"maxElevationMeters":null}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"King_2021_NTREND_bcc","NOAADataTableId":"46317","earliestYear":750,"mostRecentYear":2011,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":1200,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"earliestYearCE":750,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/king2021/finalreconstructions/bcc-reconstruction.nc","urlDescription":"netCDF File","linkText":"Temperature Reconstruction using BCC model","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"time"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"angle unit>degree>degree north","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"lat"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"angle unit>degree>degree east","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"0 to 360","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"lon"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"temperature unit>degree Celsius","cvSeasonality":"4-month period>May-Aug","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"Individual spatial reconstructions using the bcc model; 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