{"xmlId":"8744","NOAAStudyId":"9812","studyName":"North Atlantic Oscillation Index Coral Sr/Ca 218 Year Reconstruction","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/p16r-nd25","uuid":"8047912b-72f1-4af3-9da8-2468789cc309","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","investigators":"Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Doney, S.C.; Curry, W.B.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Nathalie","lastName":"Goodkin","initials":"N.F.","orcId":"0000-0001-9697-5520"},{"firstName":"Konrad","lastName":"Hughen","initials":"K.A.","orcId":"0000-0003-3201-934X"},{"firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Doney","initials":"S.C.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"William","lastName":"Curry","initials":"W.B.","orcId":"0000-0003-4608-8880"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-0402728"},{"fundingAgency":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","fundingGrant":"OCCI Fellowship"}],"studyNotes":"North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO) reconstruction based on winter coral strontium-to-calcium ratio, a proxy for winter SST. The SST-based, multifrequency reconstruction of the NAO extends back to the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA). It is the first non-terrestrial reconstruction showing long-term multidecadal behaviour of the NAO. \r\n\r\nCoral Sr/Ca was used to reconstruct the NAO by filtering the Sr/Ca record to isolate the two frequency bands where the coral data are coherent with the NAO. To evaluate this approach, the same process was applied to instrumental SST and NAO data.  The 3-5 year coherence is 0.40 (95% significant, n effective = 124) and the 20-100 year coherence is -0.47 (95% significant, n effective = 24), both with the expected phase relationship. These results agree well with those found for the Sr/Ca and instrumental NAO.","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/9812","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-9812.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-9812.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","studyCode":null,"scienceKeywords":["North Atlantic Oscillation","Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"reconstruction":"Y","contributionDate":"2010-11-15","entryId":"noaa-recon-9812","earliestYearBP":166,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"earliestYearCE":1784,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, S.C. Doney, and W.B. Curry"},"pubYear":2008,"title":"Increased multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic  Oscillation since 1781","journal":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"1","edition":null,"issue":null,"pages":"844-847","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, S.C. Doney, and W.B. Curry. 2008. Increased multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic  Oscillation since 1781. Nature Geoscience, 1, 844-847. doi: 10.1038/ngeo352","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/ngeo352","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo352"},"abstract":"The North Atlantic Oscillation is a meridional oscillation of atmospheric mass measured between Iceland and the Azores, which drives winter climate variability in eastern North America and Europe. A prolonged period of the positive phase during the 1990s led to the suggestion that anthropogenic warming was affecting the behaviour of the North Atlantic Oscillation. However, instrumental records are too short to compare observations during periods of extended warm and cold hemispheric temperatures, and existing palaeoclimate reconstructions primarily capture terrestrial variability. Here we present a record of Sr/Ca, a sea surface temperature proxy, from a Bermuda coral from 1781 to 1999. We use this monthly resolved record to reconstruct past variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation at multiple frequencies. Our record shows enhanced multidecadal scale variability during the late twentieth century compared with the end of the Little Ice Age (1800-1850).  We suggest that variability within the North Atlantic Oscillation is linked to the mean temperature of the Northern Hemisphere, which must be considered in any long-term predictions.","pubRank":"1"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20576","siteName":"Bermuda","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Bermuda","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["32","-64"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"32","northernmostLatitude":"32","westernmostLongitude":"-64","easternmostLongitude":"-64","minElevationMeters":"-16","maxElevationMeters":"-16"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"BermNAO_Goodkin2010","NOAADataTableId":"18697","earliestYear":1784,"mostRecentYear":1997,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":166,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"earliestYearCE":1784,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"species":[],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/goodkin2010nao-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"North Atlantic Oscillation Reconstruction Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"age variable>age","cvMaterial":null,"cvError":null,"cvUnit":"time unit>age unit>year Common Era","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"age"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>circulation index>North Atlantic Oscillation Index","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mathematical unit>standard deviation unit","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"filtered","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"combined","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"naocomb"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>circulation index>North Atlantic Oscillation Index","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mathematical unit>standard deviation unit","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"filtered","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-5yrIndex","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"nao3-5"},{"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>circulation index>North Atlantic Oscillation Index","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"mathematical unit>standard deviation unit","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":"filtered","cvMethod":null,"cvAdditionalInfo":"20-100yr Index","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"nao20-100"}],"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"]}]}]}],"reference":{"pastThesaurusSkos":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf","pastThesaurusExplorer":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/cvterms","gcmdKeywordThesaurus":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords"},"dataLicenseDescription":null,"dataLicenseUrl":null}