{"xmlId":"18792","NOAAStudyId":"20904","studyName":"Karakorum Mountains, Pakistan 1000 Year Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/gtvq-9z90","uuid":"0dfd3e48-b251-42c3-b215-68733a230d10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","contactInfo":{"type":"CONTACT INFORMATION","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","state":"CO","postalCode":"80305-3328","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","phone":"828-271-4800","fax":null,"constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site."},"dataType":"TREE RING","investigators":"Treydte, K.; Schleser, G.H.; Helle, G.; Frank, D.C.; Winiger, M.; Haug, G.H.; Esper, J.; Saurer, M.","investigatorDetails":[{"firstName":"Kerstin","lastName":"Treydte","initials":"K.","orcId":"0000-0001-8399-6517"},{"firstName":"Gerhard","lastName":"Schleser","initials":"G.H.","orcId":"0000-0003-1794-5361"},{"firstName":"Gerhard","lastName":"Helle","initials":"G.","orcId":"0000-0001-9988-6638"},{"firstName":"David","lastName":"Frank","initials":"D.C.","orcId":"0000-0001-5463-5640"},{"firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Winiger","initials":"M.","orcId":null},{"firstName":"Gerald","lastName":"Haug","initials":"G.H.","orcId":"0000-0001-7534-4420"},{"firstName":"Jan","lastName":"Esper","initials":"J.","orcId":"0000-0003-3919-014X"},{"firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Saurer","initials":"M.","orcId":"0000-0002-3954-3534"}],"version":"1.0","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NCCR-Climate"},{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"ALPIMP, ISONET"}],"studyNotes":"Oxygen and carbon stable isotope data from tree rings collected in the Karakorum Mountains, northern Pakistan, for the past century and millennium. Ring width data from these sites is also archived in the ITRDB. Presented are d13C and d18O measurements (per mil VSMOW) from five single trees at Bag-low, plus pooled isotope values. The pooled d13C values are arithmetic means, while the pooled d18O values are obtained by pooling the rings of the same trees before single-series measurements. The arithmetic mean of the five d18O series correlates at 0.85 with the pooled record, validating the d18O pooling method. Bagrot Valley B3 (bag low) Juniperus excelsa Tree Ring Site: 35°54'N, 74°56'E, 2900 m asl. Boibar Valley M1 Juniperus turkestanica Tree Ring Site: 36°37'N, 74°59'E, 3900 m asl.\r\nIITRDB17","onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20904","difMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-20904.xml","isoMetadataLink":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-tree-20904.xml","originalSource":null,"dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/tree-ring","studyCode":"IITRDB17","scienceKeywords":["precipitation"],"reconstruction":"N","contributionDate":"2010-06-01","entryId":"noaa-tree-20904","earliestYearBP":1000,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"earliestYearCE":950,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"publication":[{"author":{"name":"Kerstin S. Treydte, Gerhard H. Schleser, Gerhard Helle, David C. Frank, Matthias Winiger, Gerald H. Haug and Jan Esper"},"pubYear":2006,"title":"The twentieth century was the wettest period in northern Pakistan over the past millennium","journal":"Nature","volume":"440","edition":null,"issue":"7088","pages":"1179-1182","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kerstin S. Treydte, Gerhard H. Schleser, Gerhard Helle, David C. Frank, Matthias Winiger, Gerald H. Haug and Jan Esper. 2006. The twentieth century was the wettest period in northern Pakistan over the past millennium. Nature, 440(7088), 1179-1182. doi: 10.1038/nature04743","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1038/nature04743","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04743"},"abstract":"Twentieth-century warming could lead to increases in the moisture-holding capacity of the atmosphere, altering the hydrological cycle and the characteristics of precipitation. Such changes in the global rate and distribution of precipitation may have a greater direct effect on human well-being and ecosystem dynamics than changes in temperature itself. Despite the co-variability of both of these climate variables, attention in long-term climate reconstruction has mainly concentrated on temperature changes. Here we present an annually resolved oxygen isotope record from tree-rings, providing a millennial-scale reconstruction of precipitation variability in the high mountains of northern Pakistan. The climatic signal originates mainly from winter precipitation, and is robust over ecologically different sites. Centennial-scale variations reveal dry conditions at the beginning of the past millennium and through the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with precipitation increasing during the late nineteenth and the twentieth centuries to yield the wettest conditions of the past 1,000 years. Comparison with other long-term precipitation reconstructions indicates a large-scale intensification of the hydrological cycle coincident with the onset of industrialization and global warming, and the unprecedented amplitude argues for a human role.","pubRank":"1"},{"author":{"name":"Kerstin S. Treydte, David C. Frank, Matthias Saurer, Gerhard Helle, Gerhard H. Schleser, Jan Esper"},"pubYear":2009,"title":"Impact of climate and CO2 on a millennium-long tree-ring carbon isotope record","journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","volume":"73","edition":null,"issue":"16","pages":"4635-4647","reportNumber":null,"citation":"Kerstin S. Treydte, David C. Frank, Matthias Saurer, Gerhard Helle, Gerhard H. Schleser, Jan Esper. 2009. Impact of climate and CO2 on a millennium-long tree-ring carbon isotope record. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(16), 4635-4647. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057","type":"publication","identifier":{"type":"doi","id":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057"},"abstract":null,"pubRank":"2"}],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"37305","siteName":"Bagrot Valley 3","siteCode":null,"mappable":"Y","locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Pakistan","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"POINT","coordinates":["35.9","74.9333"]},"properties":{"southernmostLatitude":"35.9","northernmostLatitude":"35.9","westernmostLongitude":"74.9333","easternmostLongitude":"74.9333","minElevationMeters":"3050","maxElevationMeters":"3050"}},"paleoData":[{"dataTableName":"Bagrot13C","NOAADataTableId":"31614","earliestYear":1900,"mostRecentYear":1998,"timeUnit":"CE","earliestYearBP":50,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"earliestYearCE":1900,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"coreLengthMeters":null,"dataTableNotes":"Site elevation 2900 m","species":[{"speciesCode":"JUEX","scientificName":"Juniperus excelsa M.-Bieb.","resourceId":null,"commonName":["Greek juniper","Grecian juniper"]}],"dataFile":[{"fileUrl":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/asia/pakistan/karakorum2006iso-bag-noaa.txt","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","linkText":"Bagrot Valley Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data","variables":[{"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>carbohydrate>cellulose","cvError":null,"cvUnit":"concentration unit>parts per notation unit>parts per thousand>per mil>per mil VPDB","cvSeasonality":null,"cvDetail":null,"cvMethod":"laboratory method>spectroscopy>mass spectrometry>isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvAdditionalInfo":"sample bag102","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvShortName":"bag102-d13C"},{"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 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