AB10001 AB10002 ALBANIA AB10003 AB10004 Mean temperature was computed from the observations at 07, 16, and 21 Local AB10005 Time with the formula: (07+16+2*21)/4 AB10006 AB10007 Vapour pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount, and mean soil AB10008 temperature were computed with the formula: (07+16+21)/3 AB10009 AB10010 AG10001 AG10002 AG10003 STANDARD NORMAL CLIMATOLOGICAL STATISTICS FOR ARGENTINA AG10004 AG10005 PERIOD: 1961-1990 AG10006 AG10007 AG10008 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE STATION NAME: AG10009 AG10010 Aero Aeropuerto / airport AG10011 I.N.T.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia AG10012 Agropecuaria AG10013 Obs Observatorio / observatory AG10014 Reg.Aer.Centro Regional Aerea Centro / Central Region AG10015 Reg.Aer.Noreste Regional Aerea Noreste / Northeast Region AG10016 Reg.Aer.Noroeste Regional Aerea Noroeste / Northwest Region AG10017 Reg.Aer.Sur Regional Aerea Sur / Southern Region AG10018 S.M.A.R.A. Servicio Meteorologico de la Armada AG10019 Argentina / Meteorological Service of the AG10020 Argentine Navy AG10021 S.M.N. Servicio Meteorologico Nacional / National AG10022 Meteorological Service AG10023 AG10024 AG10025 PROCESSING OF THE DATA: AG10026 AG10027 The following guidelines were followed in the data AG10028 processing: AG10029 AG10030 (a) For all elements and for every month, the mean, extreme, and AG10031 frequency values were computed if there were no more than AG10032 three consecutive years or five years in total missing. AG10033 Otherwise, the statistical value was coded with the AG10034 abbreviation S/D (sin dato--no data). AG10035 AG10036 (b) For the mean values: for all of the elements except AG10037 precipitation, the annual mean value was obtained by AG10038 averaging the 12 monthly mean values. In the case of AG10039 precipitation, the annual total was obtained by adding the AG10040 12 monthly values. On the other hand, the maximum and AG10041 minimum annual values for the respective elements were AG10042 determined from the series of annual values for each year in AG10043 the period. AG10044 AG10045 (c) For the extremes: the extreme annual value was selected AG10046 from the 12 monthly extremes. AG10047 AG10048 (d) For the mean number of days with: the same procedure in AG10049 item (b) of this section was followed. At best, the AG10050 frequency of occurrence of the elements was expressed in AG10051 whole numbers, but when the mean frequency was less than one AG10052 it was expressed as a decimal fraction. In that case, AG10053 "cielo cubierto" (covered skies, cloudy skies) corresponds AG10054 to total cloud cover equal to or greater than 6/8; "cielo AG10055 claro" (clear skies) corresponds to total cloud cover less AG10056 than or equal to 2/8; "helada" (frost) corresponds to an air AG10057 temperature equal to or less than 0 degrees C; and AG10058 "precipitation" corresponds to a quantity equal to or AG10059 greater than 0.1 mm. AG10060 AG10061 (e) For the Antarctic stations: during the winter months AG10062 normals for the following elements could not be computed: AG10063 wet bulb temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, and AG10064 dew point temperature. This is because measurements from AG10065 this time of year in these latitudes with an unventilated AG10066 psychrometer are highly erroneous. Precipitation AG10067 measurements during the decade 1981-1990 suffer from a AG10068 similar problem because of the instrument installed at those AG10069 stations during that time. For this reason, the AG10070 precipitation means and frequencies are based on a shorter AG10071 period. AG10072 AG10073 AG10074 CALCULATION OF THE MEANS: AG10075 AG10076 The averages for the elements indicated by the Mean Values AG10077 statistic were calculated based on the four principal synoptic AG10078 hours (02, 08, 14, and 20 local time, add 4 hours for UTC). For AG10079 those stations that did not take observations at hour 02 due to AG10080 their hours of operation, the averages were computed based on the AG10081 three remaining principal synoptic hours. AG10082 AG10083 We note that scientific studies indicate that the mean based AG10084 on the four principal synoptic hours is a good approximation to AG10085 the true mean value calculated from 24 hourly observations per AG10086 day. However, the mean calculated from only the three hours, 08, AG10087 14, and 20, generally deviated significantly from the true mean AG10088 value. For this reason, a correction factor, designated AG10089 "correction to 24 hours," was applied to these stations (those AG10090 missing the 02 hour observation) to make their normals comparable AG10091 to the remaining stations in the network. This correction is AG10092 significant for those elements with a diurnal cycle, such as AG10093 temperature and relative humidity, but it is not significant with AG10094 the other elements. For this reason, it was applied to only AG10095 those two elements. AG10096 AG10097 AG10098 CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE STATISTICS FOR THE ELEMENT, AG10099 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA: AG10100 AG10101 Many meteorological phenomena (for example, fog, AG10102 thunderstorms, hail, strong winds, etc.) are able to occur at any AG10103 time during the day. Consequently, a complete record of these AG10104 phenomena is possible only when the observations are taken AG10105 continuously throughout the day. The stations for which these AG10106 statistics can be computed are the meteorological stations. AG10107 AG10108 However, in the Meteorological Station Network, there is an AG10109 appreciable number of stations which are not in operation for AG10110 part of the day. (These are the stations that report only three AG10111 synoptic observations per day.) For these stations, it is AG10112 possible that the meteorological phenomena may not be observed in AG10113 their totality and the stations are likely to record a frequency AG10114 of occurrence that is less than the corresponding frequencies AG10115 recorded at stations that are open 24 hours per day. Moreover, AG10116 this situation is not constant through time nor space, and it is AG10117 a function of the observer. In view of the parameters of the AG10118 current normals assignment, the Climatology Department excluded AG10119 from the present summary those statistics for the occurrence of AG10120 phenomena that were considered very questionable, leaving a blank AG10121 in their respective place in the summary. AG10122 AG10123 With respect to the number of days with precipitation AG10124 greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, it is possible to determine the AG10125 observation hours based on the type of station (three or four AG10126 observations per day for synoptic stations, one observation per AG10127 day for climatological stations). Consequently, the AG10128 climatological stations generally have a frequency of days with AG10129 precipitation which is less than the other (synoptic) stations. AG10130 The details of this problem have been discussed in "Datos AG10131 Pluviometricos 1921-1950" ("Rain Gauge Data for 1921-1950"), AG10132 National Meteorological Service Publication B1 No. 2. AG10133 AG10134 AG10135 MEAN VALUES AND DIRECTIONS FOR THE VARIABLE WIND: AG10136 AG10137 We encountered numerous heterogeneities in the data series AG10138 for wind speed, associated with changes in instrumentation, AG10139 changes in the height at which measurements were made, etc., AG10140 which resulted in the data for some stations being discarded. AG10141 Consequently, the mean wind direction categories and maximum AG10142 daily wind speed were not published for some stations. Except AG10143 for those stations equipped with an anemograph, the normals AG10144 summary has a blank for the wind element. AG10145 AG10146 Wind instrument code: 1 = anemografo (anemograph) AG10147 2 = anemometro (anemometer) AG10148 3 = Escala Beaufort (Beaufort Scale) AG10149 AG10150 In the table below: AG10151 AG10152 stn no = station number AG10153 wind instrument code: 1, 2, 3, as above, AG10154 0 indicates no maximum wind speed normals AG10155 AG10156 stn wind instrument code for each month AG10157 no J F M A M J J A S O N D AG10158 87642 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10159 87750 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10160 87648 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10161 87576 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10162 87548 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10163 87593 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 AG10164 87692 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 AG10165 87550 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10166 87544 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 AG10167 87484 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10168 87679 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10169 87596 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 AG10170 87582 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10171 87585 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 AG10172 87344 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10173 87345 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10174 87534 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 AG10175 87467 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10176 87349 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10177 87453 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 AG10178 87328 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10179 87244 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10180 87149 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10181 87860 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10182 87803 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 AG10183 87828 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 AG10184 87166 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 AG10185 87393 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 AG10186 87289 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 AG10187 87395 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 AG10188 87497 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 AG10189 87374 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 AG10190 87162 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 AG10191 87078 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10192 87007 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 AG10193 87532 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10194 87623 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 AG10195 87320 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10196 87322 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10197 87217 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 AG10198 87178 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 AG10199 87506 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 AG10200 87418 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 AG10201 87420 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 AG10202 87509 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10203 87715 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10204 87765 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 AG10205 87774 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10206 87784 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 AG10207 87016 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 AG10208 87065 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10209 87047 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10210 87903 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 AG10211 87896 2 0 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 AG10212 87925 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 AG10213 87257 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AG10214 87359 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 AG10215 87270 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AG10216 87480 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 AG10217 87129 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 AG10218 88963 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 AG10219 88968 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 AG10220 87938 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 AG10221 87436 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AG10222 87448 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 AG10223 AG10224 AG20001 AG20002 AG20003 ESTADISTICAS CLIMATOLOGICAS MORMALES STANDARD AG20004 AG20005 PERIODO 1961 - 1990 AG20006 AG20007 INTRODUCCION AG20008 AG20009 AG20010 1. GENERALIDADES AG20011 AG20012 Las estadsticas climatolgicas normales que se incluyen en estos diskettes AG20013 contienen valores medios y extremos de distintos parmetros meteorolgicos de AG20014 superficie, as como tambin frecuencias medias de ocurrencia de diversos AG20015 meteoros, correspondientes a 65 estaciones meteorolgicas pertenenecientes a la AG20016 red CLIMAT y que han funcionado durante el perodo 1961-1990. AG20017 AG20018 AG20019 2. ABREVIATURAS USADAS EN LOS ENCABEZAMIENTOS DE CADA HOJA AG20020 AG20021 LAT S Latitud Sur, expresada en grados y minutos AG20022 LONG W Longitud Oeste, expresada en grados y minutos AG20023 ALT(M) Altitud de la estacin meteorolgica, en metros AG20024 NRO OMM Nmero internacional de la estacin meteorolgica AG20025 AG20026 AG20027 4. ABREVIATURAS USADAS EN LA IDENTIFICACION DE LAS ESTACIONES AG20028 METEOROLOGICAS AG20029 AG20030 Aero Aeropuerto AG20031 I.N.T.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologa Agropecuaria AG20032 Obs Observatorio AG20033 Reg.Aer.Centro Regional Area Centro AG20034 Reg.Aer.Noreste Regional Area Noreste AG20035 Reg.Aer.Noroeste Regional Area Noroeste AG20036 Reg.Aer.Sur Regional Area Sur AG20037 S.M.A.R.A. Servicio Meteorolgico de la Armada Argentina AG20038 S.M.N Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional AG20039 AG20040 AG20041 5. ABREVIATURAS USADAS EN LA IDENTIFICACION DE LOS PARAMETROS AG20042 CORRESPONDIENTES AL CUADRO DE VALORES EXTREMOS AG20043 AG20044 PRES NIV EST Presin atmosfrica a nivel de la estacin. AG20045 TEM BULB HUM Temperatura de bulbo hmedo. AG20046 TENS VAP Tensin del vapor. AG20047 HUM REL Humedad relativa. AG20048 TEM ROCIO Temperatura de punto de roco. AG20049 PREC DIARIA Precipitacin diaria. AG20050 AG20051 VIENTO: AG20052 VEL: km/h Velocidad del viento, en kilmetros por hora AG20053 DD: DEC GRADO Direccin del viento, en decenas de grado AG20054 C: Cdigo indicatorio del instrumental de viento: AG20055 1: anemgrafo AG20056 2: anemmetro AG20057 3: Escala Beaufort (anemoveleta pendular o AG20058 apreciacin visual) AG20059 AG20060 AG20061 6. UNIDADES AG20062 AG20063 PRESION ATMOSFERICA hectopascales (hPa) AG20064 TEMPERATURAS grados Celsius (C) AG20065 TENSION DEL VAPOR hectopascales (hPa) AG20066 HUMEDAD RELATIVA porcentaje (%) AG20067 VIENTO (intensidad) kilmetros por hora (km/h) AG20068 NUBOSIDAD TOTAL octavos AG20069 HELIOFANIA EFECTIVA horas AG20070 HELIOFANIA RELATIVA porcentaje (%) AG20071 PRECIPITACION milmetros (mm) AG20072 AG20073 AG20074 AG20075 7. ABREVIATURAS Y/O BANDERAS USADAS PARA CALIFICAR LOS DATOS AG20076 PUBLICADOS AG20077 AG20078 S/D Sin dato AG20079 ****** No corresponde el clculo (la estacin meteo- AG20080 rolgica no mide o calcula ese parmetro) AG20081 S/P Sin precipitacin AG20082 T Trazas de precipitacin (cantidad no medible) AG20083 + Promedio decdico inferior a 0,1 mm AG20084 AG20085 AG20086 AG20087 7. CUADROS ESTADISTICOS AG20088 AG20089 Para cada estacin meteorolgica, se han elaborado cuatro (4) cuadros AG20090 estadsticos, a saber: AG20091 AG20092 (a) valores medios, mensuales y anuales, de: presin atmosfrica a nivel AG20093 de la estacin, presin atmosfrica a nivel del mar, temperatura, AG20094 temperatura de bulbo hmedo, tensin del vapor, humedad relativa, AG20095 temperatura de punto de roco, intensidad del viento, nubosidad AG20096 total, temperatura mxima, temperatura mnima, heliofana efectiva, AG20097 heliofana relativa y precipitacin. AG20098 AG20099 (b) valores extremos, mensuales y anuales, de: presin atmosfrica a AG20100 nivel de la estacin, temperatura, temperatura de bulbo hmedo, AG20101 tensin de vapor, humedad relativa, temperatura de punto de roco, AG20102 precipitacin diaria y viento. Estos parmetros extremos han sido AG20103 extrados de la informacin correspondiente al perodo 1971-1990 AG20104 puesto que no se dispuso de informacin de extremos para la dcada AG20105 1961-1970. AG20106 AG20107 (c) nmero medio de das con: precipitacin mayor o igual a 0,1 mm, AG20108 nieve, granizo, niebla, cielo cubierto (nubosidad total mayor o igual AG20109 a 6/8), cielo claro (nubosidad total menor o igual a 2/8), tormenta, AG20110 helada (temperatura menor o igual a 0C), ventisca alta, ventisca AG20111 baja. AG20112 AG20113 AG20114 AG20115 8. PROCESAMIENTO DE LA INFORMACION AG20116 AG20117 AG20118 En el procesamiento de la informacin en los perodos indicados se AG20119 tuvieron en cuenta las siguientes pautas: AG20120 AG20121 (a) para todos los parmetros y para cada mes, slo se computaron los valores AG20122 medios, extremos y frecuencias medias de meteoros si, en la dcada, slo AG20123 faltaron tres (3) aos consecutivos o cinco (5) aos no consecutivos. Caso AG20124 contrario, el cmputo del valor estadstico decdico mensual no se llev a AG20125 cabo, dando lugar a la aparicin de la abreviatura S/D (sin dato). AG20126 AG20127 (b) en el cuadro de Valores Medios, en todos los parmetros (a excepcin de AG20128 la precipitacin), el promedio anual ha sido obtenido de promediar los doce AG20129 valores medios mensuales. En el caso particular de la precipitacin, la AG20130 suma anual se ha obtenido de sumar los doce valores mensuales. No AG20131 obstante, el mximo y mnimo valor medio o suma anual ha sido AG20132 seleccionado de la serie decdica de valores anuales del parmetro AG20133 correspondiente. AG20134 AG20135 (c) en el cuadro de Valores Extremos, el valor extremo anual ha sido AG20136 seleccionado entre los doce extremos mensuales. AG20137 AG20138 (d) en el cuadro de Nmero Medio de Das Con:, se sigui el mismo proce- AG20139 dimiento indicado en el tem (b) de este apartado. Si bien la frecuencia de AG20140 ocurrencia de los distintos meteoros se ha expresado en nmeros enteros, AG20141 cuando la frecuencia media resultante fue inferior a 1 se la expres con AG20142 una fraccin decimal. En este cuadro, "cielo cubierto" corresponde a AG20143 nubosidad total 6/8; "cielo claro" corresponde a nubosidad total 2/8; AG20144 "helada" corresponde a temperatura del aire 0C; "precipitacin" AG20145 corresponde a cantidades 0,1 mm. AG20146 AG20147 (e) en el caso particular de las estaciones antrticas, durante los meses AG20148 invernales no se cuenta con valores en los siguientes parmetros: tem- AG20149 peratura de bulbo hmedo, tensin de vapor, humedad relativa y tempe- AG20150 ratura de punto de roco, puesto que las mediciones hechas con un psi- AG20151 crmetro sin ventilacin, en estas latitudes, son altamente errneas. AG20152 Asimismo, tampoco se ha contado con mediciones de precipitacin durante AG20153 la dcada 1981-1990 por problemas emanados del instrumental all instala- AG20154 do, razn por la cual los promedios y frecuencias de precipitacin se AG20155 refieren a un perodo menor. AG20156 AG20157 AG20158 9. CALCULO DE LOS PROMEDIOS AG20159 AG20160 Los promedios de los parmetros indicados en el cuadro de Valores Medios, AG20161 han sido calculados en base a la informacin de las cuatro horas sinpticas AG20162 principales (02, 08, 14 y 20 horas, huso horario +4) y, en el caso de no contarse AG20163 con la observacin de la hora 02, segn el plan de labor de la estacin AG20164 meteorolgica, se han obtenido en base a las tres horas sinpticas principales AG20165 restantes. AG20166 Cabe mencionar que, de acuerdo con los estudios realizados, la media AG20167 aritmtica calculada en base a las cuatro horas sinpticas principales puede AG20168 considerarse como una buena aproximacin al verdadero valor medio, calculado AG20169 en base a 24 observaciones diarias. Por el contrario, la media aritmtica AG20170 calculada en base a las 08, 14 y 20 solamente, se desva generalmente del AG20171 verdadero valor medio en forma significativa. Por esta razn, en estos casos, se AG20172 aplica una correccin denominada "correccin a 24 horas", con el propsito de AG20173 que los datos de todas las estaciones sean comparables entre s. Esta correccin AG20174 es significativa en el caso de parmetros con una marcada marcha diaria, tal AG20175 como la temperatura y la humedad relativa, no as en el caso de los restantes AG20176 parmetros. Por esta razn, se la aplica a estos dos, exclusivamente. AG20177 AG20178 AG20179 10. DE LA EXACTITUD DE LAS ESTADISTICAS DE FRECUENCIA DE OCURRENCIA AG20180 DE METEOROS AG20181 AG20182 Dado que muchos fenmenos meteorolgicos pueden producirse en cualquier AG20183 momento del da, si bien con distintas probabilidades (ejemplos: niebla, tormenta AG20184 elctrica, granizo, viento fuerte, etc.), un registro completo de dichos fenmenos AG20185 slo es posible cuando hay un servicio observacional permanente durante las 24 AG20186 horas. Es evidente que las estadsticas derivadas de los registros de estas AG20187 estaciones meteorolgicas son comparables entre s. AG20188 Sin embargo, en la Red de Estaciones Meteorolgicas, hay una cantidad AG20189 apreciable de estaciones cuyo plan de labor prev solamente 3 observaciones AG20190 diarias, razn por la cual no existe garanta de que todos los fenmenos hayan AG20191 sido registrados en su totalidad. De ah que estas estaciones suelan registrar AG20192 una frecuencia de ocurrencia de fenmenos inferior a la correspondiente a esta- AG20193 ciones con 24 horas de observacin. Adems, este hecho no es constante ni AG20194 cronolgica ni espacialmente, en funcin de la personalidad del observador. En AG20195 vista de la situacin planteada, el Departamento Climatologa ha procedido a AG20196 eliminar de la presente publicacin aquellas estadsticas de ocurrencia de AG20197 fenmenos que se consideraron muy dudosas, quedando en blanco el o los AG20198 campos respectivos. AG20199 Con respecto al nmero de das con precipitacin mayor o igual a 0,1 mm, AG20200 cabe sealar que los distintos horarios de observacin segn el tipo de estacin AG20201 (tres cuatro observaciones diarias en estaciones sinpticas; una observacin AG20202 diaria en el caso de estaciones climticas), hacen que las estaciones climticas AG20203 presenten, generalmente, una frecuencia menor de das con precipitacin que las AG20204 restantes. Los detalles de este problema se han tratado en "Datos Pluviomtricos AG20205 1921-1950", Publicacin B1 N 2 del Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional. AG20206 AG20207 AG20208 11. VALORES MEDIOS ESCALARES DE LA VARIABLE VIENTO AG20209 AG20210 Se han encontrado numerosas heterogeneidades en las series de valores AG20211 medios de la intensidad del viento, asociadas con cambio de instrumental, cambio AG20212 de la altura a la cual se hace la medicin, etc., razn por la cual dichas series AG20213 han sido descartadas. Por esta razn, para algunas estaciones no se han AG20214 publicado ni los valores medios escalares de viento ni los valores de viento AG20215 mximo diario, salvo que estos ltimos hayan sido obtenidos con un anemgrafo, AG20216 quedando en blanco el o los campos respectivos. AG20217 AG20218 AG20219 AU10001 AU10002 AU10003 AU10004 BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY - AUSTRALIA AU10005 AU10006 Dear Sir/Madam, AU10007 AU10008 I refer to the World Meteorological Organisation document No. AU10009 M/CLC of 29 October 1992 regarding the preparation of AU10010 climatological standard normals. Please find enclosed 6 floppy AU10011 discs containing information for Australia. Technical notes are AU10012 also included along with a test list for each file and the data AU10013 formats. AU10014 AU10015 Yours faithfully, AU10016 AU10017 (W KININMONTH) AU10018 Superintendent AU10019 National Climate Centre AU10020 23 December 1992 AU10021 AU10022 1) Notes concerning specific elements: AU10023 AU10024 The mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures are based on AU10025 readings taken at 9am local time. AU10026 AU10027 Pan evaporation data is generally only available since about AU10028 1967, when the class A pan evaporation tanks were installed. AU10029 Daily readings are taken at about 9am local time. During the AU10030 early 1970's these pans were fitted with bird guards to reduce AU10031 loss due to birds drinking. It has been estimated that in AU10032 temperate latitudes, the net effect of the guards was to reduce AU10033 the figures by about 7 percent. However at some inland sites AU10034 such as Tennant Creek, a figure of 30 percent is more likely. An AU10035 inspection of the station history files reveals that the date of AU10036 installation has not, in general, been recorded. AU10037 AU10038 The title "days with 0.1mm or more of rain" is incorrect. AU10039 The threshold is 0.2mm or more, and there was s slight change AU10040 with the introduction of metrication in 1974. Prior to 1974, a AU10041 rainday was recorded when 1 or more points were recorded AU10042 (0.254mm). Since 1974 a rainday has been classified as when AU10043 0.2mm or more has been reported. Consequently there should be AU10044 expected a slight increase in number of raindays since 1974, with AU10045 the increase most likely to be significant at sites with a high AU10046 number of low rainfall days. However no investigation has been AU10047 made of this effect. AU10048 AU10049 Dewpoint values are taken at 9am and 3pm. Note that AU10050 dewpoints are only recorded to a resolution of 1 degree celsius. AU10051 AU10052 Cloud amount is only recorded to a resolution of one okta as AU10053 opposed to the 0.1 resolution requested. (0.1 seems to be far in AU10054 excess of the accuracy expected using normal observational AU10055 techniques.) AU10056 AU10057 Soil temperature is given for each of four levels, where AU10058 suitably instrumented. The period of record available is not AU10059 like to make the data readily useable. AU10060 AU10061 Note that where data is given at 9am and 3pm nominal local AU10062 time, (actually 8.30am and 2.30pm local time in SA and NT.) AU10063 allowance should be made for the effects of daylight saving. A AU10064 sheet is enclosed which details the dates of implementation of AU10065 daylight saving, indicating variations between states. In the AU10066 case of 9am temperatures in summer, the effect of the one hour AU10067 time difference can be as great as 3 or 4 degrees celsius. AU10068 AU10069 The daily mean temperature would best be calculated using the AU10070 mean max plus mean min divided by two. That is the normal AU10071 Australian practice. AU10072 AU10073 2) The following gives reasons as to why averages have not been AU10074 worked out for several of the elements listed in the guidance AU10075 material (Poole 6945) AU10076 AU10077 a) Atmospheric pressure (reduced to mean sea level). It has been AU10078 the practice to archive Station Level Pressure in the Australian AU10079 climate archive rather than corrected mean sea level pressure. AU10080 Whilst there are summaries available purporting to be MSLP mean AU10081 values at 9am and 3pm in the same format as the data provided, AU10082 significant errors have been found at some sites. The extent of AU10083 this problem has not been ascertained, and until such time it AU10084 would be misleading to provide the potentially erroneous AU10085 information. AU10086 AU10087 b) Maximum and minimum relative humidity are not recorded in AU10088 Australia. AU10089 AU10090 c) Wind Direction data is only archived to sixteen compass AU10091 points. AU10092 AU10093 d) Although data could be provided that could purport to be AU10094 classed as mean wind speed, it is doubtful that the figures would AU10095 have any strict physical value. At nearly all the non Bureau AU10096 sites the wind is a visual estimation by the observer. AU10097 Consequently any attempts at normalisation would only be an AU10098 exercise in determining possible changes in observer or site. AU10099 AU10100 e) subsequent to b) and d), vector wind values and steadiness of AU10101 the wind are not available. AU10102 AU10103 f) Snowfall is not measured separately from rainfall at the small AU10104 number of alpine sites that experience snow conditions. AU10105 AU10106 g) Because of changed practices and definitions over the 30 year AU10107 period for recording phenomena, no meaningful long term values AU10108 can be obtained. AU10109 AU10110 h) Solar Radiation data using the current equipment started in AU10111 the general era of 1968 to 1972. Changes to sites and AU10112 significant gaps at many locations make the calculation of AU10113 suitable long term values impossible. AU10114 AU10115 B310001 B310002 B310003 Reference No. 93/00057/BEN/MTO B310004 B310005 LETTER FROM BENIN ABOUT WMO NORMALS B310006 B310007 OBJECT: Establishment, for the WMO publication, of standard B310008 climatological normals verified for a selection of stations B310009 for the period 1961-1990. B310010 B310011 Mr. Director: B310012 B310013 Through letter No. M/CLC dated 29 October 1992, the Secretary B310014 General of the WMO asked the Member States, in order to establish B310015 a publication, for standard climatological normals for the period B310016 1961-1990 and to send them to the World Data Centre-A for B310017 Meteorology (Asheville, United States of America). B310018 B310019 To this regard, I have the honor of sending to you these data B310020 (normals) calculated for the six (6) stations of Benin figured to B310021 go into WMO publication No. 117. There exist 6 synoptic stations B310022 managed by the National Meteorological Service whose first B310023 observations (rain gauge/pluviometer) go back to the year 1921 for B310024 the most part (see the Geographical Table included herewith). B310025 B310026 Concerning the directives to follow for the establishment of B310027 these normals, there are given the following qualifiers: B310028 B310029 > All the stations indicated here functioned normally over the B310030 course of the period 1961-1990; there exist no "gaps" in the B310031 series of observation. B310032 B310033 > The climatological elements and parameters for which these B310034 normals were calculated are practically those indicated in B310035 the WMO correspondence, with certain exceptions that were B310036 not observed/measured at the stations in question. Given to B310037 both ends, the list of considered elements and parameters: B310038 B310039 -Atmospheric pressure (sea level) (HPa) B310040 -Air temperature (degrees C) B310041 -Maximum air temperature (degrees C) B310042 -Minimum air temperature (degrees C) B310043 -Absolute Maximum temperature (of the period) (degrees C) B310044 -Absolute Minimum temperature (of the period) (degrees C) B310045 -Amount of precipitation (mm) B310046 -Number of days with precipitation >= 1.0 mm B310047 -Prevailing wind direction B310048 -Windspeed (m/s) B310049 -Maximum relative humidity (%) B310050 -Minimum relative humidity (%) B310051 -Evaporation (pan) (mm)* B310052 -Duration of insolation (hours) B310053 -Vapor pressure (HPa) B310054 -Cloud amount (total) (eighths) B310055 -Frequency (number of days) of thunderstorms B310056 -Frequency (number of days) of fog B310057 -Frequency (number of days) of (dry) haze B310058 B310059 *(mean established over 20 years: 1971-1990). B310060 B310061 For the concern of quality control, it is fitting to note that B310062 the utilized data are regularly applied to (compare with) a control B310063 manual (based on verification of coherence and similarity) then to B310064 the processing control (CLICOM) to the level of Divisional B310065 Climatology. Before establishing the normals, there was a process B310066 of verification of homogeneity (graphical method of double mass) B310067 for the series of presented precipitation in relation to the other B310068 elements of longer size. This control revealed a heterogeneity for B310069 the Station of SAVE (08 02'N 02 28'E) where the slope of the curve B310070 of the double mass showed a sudden change that started at 1937 B310071 (confer figure herewith). It then appears as two homogeneous sub- B310072 series. But the period 1921-1936 being relatively short, it would B310073 be desirable in the plan for the studies of the precipitation at B310074 SAVE to consider the homogeneous period to be 1937-1992 (or more). B310075 It is therefore on this base that the normal rainfall (1961-1990) B310076 was calculated. It was not then a question of correcting the B310077 series. The information contained in the table history of the B310078 Station was unable to put in place evidence of the causes of this B310079 heterogeneity. B310080 B310081 In remaining at your entire disposition for a whole complement B310082 of information, I ask the Director to accept our apologies for the B310083 lateness of our data's being sent to you. B310084 B310085 Please accept, Director, the expression of my distinguished B310086 sentiments. B310087 B310088 F. HOUNTON B310089 B310090 Enclosures: Listings of normals data (1961-1990) for six (6) B310091 stations of BENIN B310092 B310093 cc: Secretary General of the WMO B310094 Director of the Regional Bureau of the WMO for Africa at B310095 BUJUMBURA B310096 B310097 GRAPH DOCUMENTATION B310098 B310099 1. VERIFICATION OF HOMOGENEITY (Graphical Method of Double Mass) B310100 B310101 2. SCALE: 1 graduation represents 10000 mm B310102 B310103 3. ABSCISSA: cumulative series (annual precipitation) for the B310104 station of ZAGNANADO (homogeneous at base) B310105 B310106 4. ORDINATE: cumulative series (annual precipitation) for the B310107 station of SAVE in which one seeks the homogeneity B310108 B310109 5. PERIOD OF OBSERVATION: 1921-1992 B310110 B310111 6. N.B: -data incomplete for 1921-1926 B310112 -the stations of ZAGNANADO and of SAVE are situated in B310113 the same climatic zone B310114 B310115 7. SOURCE: Meteorological Service of BENIN B310116 B310117 B310118 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (Republic of BENIN) B310119 B.P.: 379 COTONOU GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE OF REPRESENTED STATIONS B310120 B310121 IN THE WMO PUBLICATION NO. 117 B310122 B310123 WMO B310124 STATION GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES HEIGHT (m) YEAR B310125 NO. NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE BAROMETER RAIN GAUGE OPENED OBSERVATIONS B310126 B310127 65306 KANDI 1108'N 0256'E 292.3 290 1921 * B310128 B310129 65319 NATITINGOU 1019'N 0123'E 461.0 460 1921 * Synoptic observations at 2100 hrs B310130 not carried out. B310131 B310132 65330 PARAKOU 0921'N 0237'E 392.8 392 1921 * B310133 B310134 65335 SAVE 0802'N 0228'E 199.9 199 1921 * Synoptic observations at 2100 hrs B310135 not carried out. B310136 B310137 65338 BOHICON 0710'N 0204'E 167.5 166 1940 Synoptic observations at 2100 hrs B310138 not carried out. B310139 B310140 65344 COTONOU 0621'N 0223'E 8.85 3.90 1952 B310141 B310142 N.B.: *Precipitation station in 1921, then changed to a synoptic station. B310143 B310144 BL10001 BL10002 The following is a partial translation of a letter from Belarus, BL10003 detailing relevant metadata for their 1961-90 normals: BL10004 BL10005 This list has more stations (6 stations total) than we BL10006 provided to the Russian Federation, and it includes corrected BL10007 data for Minsk. BL10008 BL10009 The data were checked for inhomogeneities. There are no BL10010 gaps (missing data) in the indicated period. BL10011 BL10012 The precipitation data are based on 4 observations per day. BL10013 Otherwise, the data (other elements) are based on 3-hourly BL10014 observations. BL10015 BL10016 BZ10001 BZ10002 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM BZ10003 NATIONAL SECRETARY OF IRRIGATION BZ10004 NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY BZ10005 BZ10006 CLIMATOLOGICAL NORMALS BZ10007 (1961-1990) BZ10008 BZ10009 BRASILIA, BRAZIL BZ10010 1992 BZ10011 BZ10012 PREFACE BZ10013 BZ10014 In 1969, the National Department of Meteorology edited their BZ10015 first official series of climatological normals. The data were BZ10016 compiled from 158 meteorological stations, considered over a BZ10017 period from 1931 to 1960. Since then, that work has been used by BZ10018 professionals of varied categories and elaborations of studies BZ10019 and projects. BZ10020 BZ10021 Previously, we tentatively compiled climatological normals BZ10022 that were published in a book with the same name, by the BZ10023 Meteorological Service in 1941. That series used the work of BZ10024 various periods and, therefore, can't be classified as BZ10025 climatological normals, but the work is still useful in other BZ10026 meteorological applications. BZ10027 BZ10028 In order to be considered as climatological normals, BZ10029 these diverse averages must relate to standard periods of thirty BZ10030 years. The utilization of a standard time period had always been BZ10031 a problem. In 1872, the International Committee of Meteorology BZ10032 decided that they would compile mean values based on uniform BZ10033 periods of 30 years. The first standard normals period was from BZ10034 1901 to 1930; subsequently, they had to follow consecutive BZ10035 intervals of thirty years; i.e., 1931-1960 and 1961-1990. BZ10036 BZ10037 In Brazil, meteorological observations changed to a more BZ10038 systematic format in 1910. For this reason, the first calculated BZ10039 period used is based on the period, 1931 to 1960. BZ10040 BZ10041 In general, what the research shows about the climate is BZ10042 more useful when you compare common values or normals computed BZ10043 using a standardized methodology. Next, it is necessary to BZ10044 establish an internationally agreed upon standard period of time BZ10045 for the computations. As normals were obtained through BZ10046 calculations of the mean, they followed the recommended criteria BZ10047 set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). BZ10048 BZ10049 The criteria that had been established were not very clear BZ10050 for the previous thirty year periods. Due to the fact that BZ10051 little had been done about this deficiency, the WMO took action BZ10052 to correct this problem in Washington in 1989, and they created a BZ10053 document that established standard proceedings to calculate BZ10054 climatological normals. BZ10055 BZ10056 Following this, we proceeded to adapt our old methods to the BZ10057 new WMO standards, but the old methods remained in place for BZ10058 another 10 years. For this reason, we call the normals BZ10059 "Provisional." The WMO recommended at least 10 years of data in BZ10060 order to compute normals. However, in Brazil, the minimum period BZ10061 we used was 15 years instead of 10 years. BZ10062 BZ10063 The concept of "standard normals" includes analyzing the BZ10064 data for inhomogeneities and evaluating other elements describing BZ10065 the climate. But those that developed the methods, used the most BZ10066 practical methods available to them, which were not necessarily BZ10067 the most rigorous methods. BZ10068 BZ10069 The present publication contains monthly and annual means BZ10070 for nine meteorological parameters and extreme values of BZ10071 temperature and precipitation for 209 meteorological stations BZ10072 pertaining to the National Department of Meteorology and Ministry BZ10073 of Agriculture and Land Reform. BZ10074 BZ10075 With the publication of the Climatological Normals - series BZ10076 1961/1990, the National Department of Meteorology preserved the BZ10077 scientific and productive standards that are important to the BZ10078 Brazilian Society, which have frequently used the included study. BZ10079 The publication also has preserved the standards which are an BZ10080 integral part of the World Meteorological Organization. BZ10081 BZ10082 Brasilia, May 1992 BZ10083 Jorge Carlos de Jesus Marques BZ10084 Director of DNMET BZ10085 BZ10086 BZ10087 INTRODUCTION BZ10088 BZ10089 1. The National Department of Meteorology and Ministry of BZ10090 Agriculture and Land Reform issued the publication, BZ10091 "Climatological Normals" (1961/1990), which includes 209 BZ10092 meteorological stations. BZ10093 BZ10094 2. It includes monthly and annual normals of atmospheric BZ10095 pressure, air temperature, cloud amount and relative humidity, BZ10096 both monthly and annual means as well as daily extremes. Also BZ10097 included are total monthly and annual precipitation, evaporation BZ10098 and hours of sunshine. BZ10099 BZ10100 3. The following formula were used to compute mean temperature BZ10101 and relative humidity: BZ10102 BZ10103 T= (T12 +2T00 +TMAX + TMIN) / 5 BZ10104 BZ10105 U= (U12 + U19 +2UOO) / 4 BZ10106 BZ10107 The indicated index of time of observation: 12:00, BZ10108 18:00, and 00:00 GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) BZ10109 BZ10110 4. An analysis of homogeneity included verification of trends, BZ10111 deviations, altered values and other problems that showed BZ10112 inhomogeneous data. Next step was to verify the heterogeneities BZ10113 by identifying the origin of the various non-climatic BZ10114 discontinuities. BZ10115 BZ10116 BZ10117 APPRECIATION BZ10118 BZ10119 This publication, Climatological Normals--Series 1961/1990, BZ10120 was worked on by many different people for thirty years. Day by BZ10121 day, meteorological observers collected the station data, BZ10122 creating a volume of 32604 observations. Researchers from DNMET BZ10123 then revised and analyzed the data, and finally compiled the BZ10124 statistics into this volume. BZ10125 BZ10126 These researchers worked day and night, seven days a week, BZ10127 and through many generations. This work wouldn't have been BZ10128 possible if everyone hadn't participated fully. BZ10129 BZ10130 The groups that followed did the same thing and compiled and BZ10131 analyzed the calculations. The contributions of all of the BZ10132 workers were equally important. BZ10133 BZ10134 A special appreciation is extended to the Brazilian firm of BZ10135 EMBRAPA, which is responsible for the publication and execution BZ10136 of this important work on normals. BZ10137 BZ10138 BZ20001 BZ20002 Ministerio da Agricultura e Reforma Agraria BZ20003 Secretaria Nacional de Irrigacao BZ20004 Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia BZ20005 BZ20006 NORMAIS CLIMATOLOGICAS BZ20007 (1961-1990) BZ20008 BZ20009 BRASILIA - BRASIL BZ20010 1992 BZ20011 BZ20012 BZ20013 BZ20014 BZ20015 BZ20016 BZ20017 APRESENTACAO BZ20018 BZ20019 No ano de 1969 o Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia BZ20020 editava a primeira serie oficial das Normais Climatologicas. BZ20021 Foram compilados dados de 158 estacoes meteorologicas, BZ20022 considerando o periodo de 1931 a 1960. Desde entao, esse BZ20023 trabalho tem sido utilizado por profissionais das mais variadas BZ20024 categorias, na elaboracao de estudos e projetos. BZ20025 BZ20026 Anteriormente, uma tentativa de compilar as Normais BZ20027 Climatologicas foi feita, com a publicacao de um livro com esse BZ20028 nome, pelo entao Servico de Meteorologia, no ano de 1941. As BZ20029 series utilizadas eram de periodos variados e, por isso, nao BZ20030 podiam ser classificadas como "Normais Climatologicas", mas, BZ20031 mesmo assim, o trabalho teve seus meritos e foi muito utilizado. BZ20032 BZ20033 Para que sejam consideradas como "normais climatologicas" as BZ20034 medias devem referir-se a periodos padronizados de trinta anos. BZ20035 Essa preocupacao e antiga: em 1872 o entao Comite Meteorologico BZ20036 Internacional decidiu que seriam compilados valores medios BZ20037 relativos a periodos uniformes de trinta anos. O periodo inicial BZ20038 determinado foi 1901-1930 e os subsequentes obedeceriam aos BZ20039 intervalos consecutivos de trinta anos: 1931-1960 e 1961-1990. BZ20040 BZ20041 No Brasil, porem, somente em 1910 a atividade de observacao BZ20042 meteorologica passou a ser feita de forma sistematica. Por esse BZ20043 motivo, o primeiro periodo padrao possivel de ser calculado foi o BZ20044 de 1931-1960. BZ20045 BZ20046 De maneira geral, os dados do clima tem maior utilidade BZ20047 quando comparados com valores padroes ou normais. Dai a BZ20048 necessidade de estabelecimento de periodos estandardizados, BZ20049 seguidos por todos os paises. As normais sao obtidas atraves do BZ20050 calcula das medias, obedecendo criterios recomendados pela BZ20051 Organizacao Meteorologica Mundial (OMM). BZ20052 BZ20053 Esses criterios, porem, nao sao claros no que diz respeito a BZ20054 periodos inferiores a trinta anos. Para tentar suprir essa BZ20055 deficiencia, uma equipe de tecnicos reuniu-se em Washington D.C., BZ20056 em marco de 1989, e elaborou um documento (WCPD N.o 10) que BZ20057 procurava estabelecer procedimentos padronizados para o calculo BZ20058 das Normais Climatologicas. BZ20059 BZ20060 Deu-se, assim, uma orientacao sobre como proceder em relacao BZ20061 as estacoes cujas series nao alcancavam o periodo padronizado, BZ20062 mas, ficavam acima de dez anos. Nesse caso convencionou-se que BZ20063 seriam denominadas "Normais Provisorias". O Brasil, porem, para BZ20064 maior validade, adotou somente series superiores a quinze anos. BZ20065 BZ20066 O conceito de "calculo das normais" inclui a analise da BZ20067 homogeneidade de dados e a avaliacao dos outros elementos BZ20068 descritivos do clima. Os autores nao pretenderam que o conjunto BZ20069 de informacoes fosse considerado como o "melhor", ou o "unico", BZ20070 mas, apenas um "meio pratico". BZ20071 BZ20072 A presente publicacao contem medias mensais e anuais BZ20073 referentes a nove parametros meteorologicos e valores extremos de BZ20074 temperatura e precipitacao de duzentas e nove estacoes BZ20075 meteorologicas pertencentes ao Departamento Nacional de BZ20076 Meteorologia do Ministerio da Agricultura e Reforma Agraria. BZ20077 BZ20078 Com a publicacao das "Normais Climatologicas" - Serie BZ20079 1961/1990 -, o Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia resgata seu BZ20080 compromisso perante a Sociedade Brasileira, principalmente com os BZ20081 seus setores cientifico e produtivo, que utilzarao profusamente BZ20082 as informacoes contidas, e, tambem, perante a Organizacao BZ20083 Meteorologica Mundial da qual e parte integrante. BZ20084 BZ20085 Brasilia, maio de 1992 BZ20086 BZ20087 JORGE CARLOS DE JESUS MARQUES BZ20088 Diretor do DNMET BZ20089 BZ20090 BZ20091 BZ20092 BZ20093 BZ20094 BZ20095 INTRODUCAO BZ20096 BZ20097 1 - O Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia do Ministerio da BZ20098 Agricultura e Reforma Agraria, esta editando a publicacao das BZ20099 "Normais Climatologicas" (1961/1990), que reune 209 estacoes BZ20100 meteorologicas. BZ20101 BZ20102 2 - As medias mensais e anuais de pressao atmosferica, BZ20103 temperatura do ar, nebulosidade e umidade relativa, foram obtidas BZ20104 a partir das medias mensais e anuais dos valores diarios. Da BZ20105 mesma forma calcularam-se os totais mensais e anuais de BZ20106 precipitacao, evaporacao e insolacao. BZ20107 BZ20108 3 - Para avaliacao dos valores de temperatura media e BZ20109 umidade relativa, usaram-se as seguintes formulas: BZ20110 BZ20111 T = (T12 + 2T00 + TMAX + TMIN) / 5 BZ20112 BZ20113 U = (U12 + U18 + 2U00) / 4 BZ20114 BZ20115 Os indices indicam as horas das observacoes: BZ20116 12:00, 18:00 e 00:00 TMG (Tempo Medio de Greenwich). BZ20117 BZ20118 4 - A analise de homogeneidade incluiu a verificacao de BZ20119 tendencias, desvios, valores alterados e outros problemas que BZ20120 evidenciaram a heterogeneidade dos dados. Em seguida foi feita BZ20121 uma verificacao da heterogeneidade atraves da analise dos BZ20122 resultados obtidos, a fim de identificar a origem da variacao e BZ20123 descontinuidades nao climaticas. BZ20124 BZ20125 Nota: Na relacao des Estacoes Meteorologicas, HP indica a BZ20126 altitude da estacao e HZ a altitude da cuba do Barometro. BZ20127 BZ20128 BZ20129 BZ20130 BZ20131 BZ20132 BZ20133 AGRADECIMENTO BZ20134 BZ20135 Normais Climatologicas - Serie 1961/1990 - e um trabalho BZ20136 tocado a centenas, ou quem sabe, milhares de maos. Seu inicio BZ20137 deu-se em cada estacao meteorologica, pelas maos do observador. BZ20138 Durante trinta anos, dia-a-dia, o observador meteorologico BZ20139 realizou seu trabalho de coleta das informacoes, formando no BZ20140 total das estacoes, um volume de 32604 dados meteorologicos. Em BZ20141 seguida, deu-se a revisao e analise dos dados pelas equipes das BZ20142 Unidades Descentralizadas do DNMET. Equipes dessas mesmas BZ20143 Unidades deram procedimento aos calculos das medias, que, afinal, BZ20144 foram compiladas em um unico volume pela equipe central. BZ20145 BZ20146 A esses incansaveis trabalhadores expressamos os BZ20147 agradecimentos. Ao observador pelo seu trabalho diurno ou BZ20148 noturno; debaixo de sol ou de chuva; de domingo a domingo. Foi BZ20149 um trabalho que durou toda uma geracao. Nada teria sido possivel BZ20150 sem a sua participacao. E as equipes que procederam as criticas, BZ20151 ou que fizeram os calculos ou que os compilaram; nao menos BZ20152 importante foi o seu papel. BZ20153 BZ20154 Um agradecimento especial a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa BZ20155 Agropecuaria - EMBRAPA, que viabilizou a publicacao, executando BZ20156 os trabalhos de impressao das Normais. BZ20157 BZ20158 A todos, BZ20159 BZ20160 Muito obrigado. BZ20161 CN10001 CN10002 The Canadian Climate Normals 1961-1990 CN10003 CN10004 1. Introduction CN10005 CN10006 "Normals" is the term commonly used for values of climatic elements averaged CN10007 over a fixed, standard period of years. In the 1930s, the 30-year period from CN10008 1901 to 1930 was selected as the first international standard period. The CN10009 selection of this number of years was somewhat arbitrary, however it was CN10010 considered sufficiently long to eliminate year-to-year variations. In 1960 it CN10011 was agreed that countries should continue to use 30-year periods, but that CN10012 normals should be up-dated every decade rather than every 30 years, beginning CN10013 with the period 1931 to 1960. CN10014 CN10015 In Canada in the first part of this century there was a limited number of CN10016 stations with observations over the 1901-1930 period. As a result, averages CN10017 were computed based on all available data, rather than the normals period. CN10018 The first set of 30-year normals was computed for the 1921-1950 period, using CN10019 adding machines. Sets were produced after the end of each subsequent decade. CN10020 The first computer for climate applications was installed in 1965, in part to CN10021 facilitate normals production. CN10022 CN10023 This is one of a number of products (publications, diskettes, CD-ROMs) CN10024 containing the 1961-90 normals for locations across Canada. Included here are CN10025 selected sites for which there are at least 20 years of data available in the CN10026 1961-1990 period. Stations are grouped by region as follows: The Atlantic CN10027 Provinces, British Columbia, Ontario, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Que- CN10028 bec, and Yukon and Northwest Territories. CN10029 CN10030 2. Climate Elements CN10031 CN10032 Except where labelled "extreme", values of the climate elements are averages CN10033 for the 1961-90 period, or for a portion of that period no shorter than 20 CN10034 years. Extreme values are the highest or lowest occurrence for all years for CN10035 which data were available. Extremes whose corresponding means are missing CN10036 should be used with caution. They are often derived from less than twenty CN10037 years of observations, and may not be indicative of occurrences which could be CN10038 expected over longer periods. CN10039 CN10040 The starting and ending dates for station observing programs are for the total CN10041 period of observation, and hence refer to the period used to calculate the CN10042 extreme values. CN10043 CN10044 Symbols used with the data include "+" to indicate a value occurred more than CN10045 once in a given period and "M" to indicate there are no data for the period. CN10046 "N" or "X" indicate that some data do exist, but not enough to derive a value. CN10047 See "Missing Data" below for more information. In cases where a "+" appears, CN10048 dates given are for the most recent event. Where a "*" replaces a number in CN10049 the "days with" section, the quantity is less than one. CN10050 CN10051 In the following discussion, stations are categorized as either "ordinary" or CN10052 "principal". The former are typically stations which record daily temperature CN10053 and/or precipitation amounts. In contrast principal stations take hourly CN10054 observations for all or parts of the day. In the following tables, stations CN10055 for which elements such as pressure, relative humidity and wind are included CN10056 are usually principal. CN10057 CN10058 2.1 Temperature CN10059 CN10060 Temperatures are measured in a louvred box called a Stevenson screen, mounted CN10061 1.5 m above the ground, which is usually a level, grassy surface. At most CN10062 ordinary stations the maximum temperature is the highest recorded in a 24-hour CN10063 period ending in the morning of the next day. The minimum values are for a CN10064 period of the same length, beginning in the evening of the previous day. Mean CN10065 temperature is the average of the two. At most principal stations the maximum CN10066 and minimum temperatures are for a day beginning at 0600 Greenwich (or CN10067 Universal) Mean Time, which is within a few hours of midnight local standard CN10068 time in Canada. CN10069 CN10070 Dry-bulb temperature, like daily maximum and minimum temperatures, is measured CN10071 in the Stevenson screen which protects the thermometers from direct sunlight. CN10072 Dry-bulb temperatures are recorded hourly at principal climate stations. CN10073 Values given are hourly averages for each month and year, for all hours CN10074 combined, and for each individual hour. CN10075 CN10076 2.2 Degree-Days CN10077 CN10078 Degree-days for a given day represent the number of Celsius degrees that the CN10079 mean temperature is above or below a given base. For example, heating degree- CN10080 days are the number of degrees below 18C. If the temperature is equal to or CN10081 greater than 18, then the number will be zero. Values above or below the base CN10082 of 18C are used primarily to estimate the heating and cooling requirements of CN10083 buildings. Values above 5C are frequently called growing degree-days, and are CN10084 used in agriculture as an index of crop growth. Values in the tables repre- CN10085 sent the average accumulation of degree-days, above or below a selection of CN10086 base temperatures, for a given month or year. CN10087 CN10088 2.3 Season of Minimum Temperature Above 0C CN10089 CN10090 Averages and extremes are given for the beginning and ending dates of the CN10091 annual cycle in which the minimum temperature, measured in the Stevenson CN10092 screen 1.5 m above ground, rises above 0C and remains there for an extended CN10093 period. These data are often used in agricultural applications. Caution is CN10094 advised since minimum temperatures at ground level are usually colder. CN10095 CN10096 2.4 Precipitation CN10097 CN10098 Rain, drizzle, freezing rain, freezing drizzle and hail are usually measured CN10099 using the standard Canadian rain gauge, a cylindrical container 40 cm high and CN10100 11.3 cm in diameter. The precipitation is funnelled into a plastic graduate CN10101 which serves as the measuring device. Snowfall is the measured depth of newly CN10102 fallen snow, measured using a snow ruler. Measurements are made at several CN10103 points which appear representative of the immediate area, and then averaged. CN10104 "Precipitation" in the tables is the water equivalent of all types of precipi- CN10105 tation. CN10106 CN10107 At most ordinary stations the water equivalent of snowfall is computed by CN10108 dividing the measured amount by ten. At principal stations it is usually CN10109 determined by melting the snow that falls into Nipher gauges. These are CN10110 precipitation gauges designed to minimize turbulence around the orifice, and CN10111 to be high enough above the ground to prevent most blowing snow from entering. CN10112 The amount of snow as determined by this method normally provides a more accu- CN10113 rate estimate of precipitation than using the "ten-to-one" rule. Even at CN10114 ordinary stations the normals precipitation values will not always be equal to CN10115 rainfall plus one tenth snowfall. Missing observations is one cause of such CN10116 discrepancies. CN10117 CN10118 Precipitation measurements are usually made four times daily at principal CN10119 stations. At ordinary sites they are usually made once or twice per day. CN10120 Rainfall, snowfall and precipitation amounts given represent the average CN10121 accumulation for a given month or year. CN10122 CN10123 2.5 Snow Cover CN10124 CN10125 Snow cover is the depth of accumulated snow on the ground, measured at several CN10126 points which appear representative of the immediate area, and then averaged. CN10127 End-of-month values are given. CN10128 CN10129 2.6 Number of Days With Specified Parameters CN10130 CN10131 These give the average number of days per month or year on which a specific CN10132 meteorological event occurs. CN10133 CN10134 - In the case of rainfall and precipitation, 0.2 mm or more must occur CN10135 before a "day with" is counted. The corresponding figure for snowfall is CN10136 0.2 cm. CN10137 - A day with freezing precipitation is counted if there is an occurrence of CN10138 0.2 mm or more of rain or drizzle which turns to ice on contact with the CN10139 underlying surface. CN10140 - Fog for this purpose is defined as a suspension of very small water CN10141 droplets reducing the horizontal visibility to less than 1 km. CN10142 - A day with thunderstorms occurs if thunder is heard. CN10143 - Days with smoke/haze, blowing dust or blowing snow are counted if the CN10144 horizontal visibility is reduced to 10 km or less by these elements. CN10145 - A day with hail is counted when hail, ice pieces 5 mm or more in CN10146 diameter, occur at the observing site. CN10147 CN10148 CN10149 2.7 Pressure CN10150 CN10151 Station pressure is the force exerted on the earth's surface by a column of CN10152 air of unit cross-sectional area extending from the surface of the earth to CN10153 the outer limit of the atmosphere. It is given in kilopascals: one kilopascal CN10154 is equal to 10 millibars, 0.2953 inches of mercury, or 0.145 pounds per square CN10155 inch. The standard instrument for the measurement of atmospheric pressure is CN10156 the mercury barometer, in which the air pressure is balanced against the CN10157 weight of a column of mercury in a glass tube that contains a vacuum. CN10158 CN10159 Sea level pressure is computed by adding to station pressure the equivalent CN10160 weight of an air column extending from the station elevation to sea level. CN10161 CN10162 Values are monthly averages computed from individual hourly observations. CN10163 CN10164 2.8 Moisture CN10165 CN10166 Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by the moisture in the air. It CN10167 increases with both atmospheric temperature and moisture content. It is CN10168 related to relative humidity in that the latter is the ratio of the actual CN10169 value of vapour pressure to its value if the air were saturated at the same CN10170 temperature. For a note on the unit of measurement, see the section on CN10171 station pressure. CN10172 CN10173 Relative humidity and vapour pressure are derived from standard air tempera- CN10174 ture measurements, and directly measured moisture parameters, such as wet-bulb CN10175 temperature. Dew-point temperature, similarly derived, is also an indicator CN10176 of moisture in the air. CN10177 CN10178 2.9 Wind CN10179 CN10180 The majority of wind measurements are made by anemometers installed at ten CN10181 metres above the ground. A substantial minority of sites have instruments CN10182 installed at other heights, usually greater than ten metres. Wind in the CN10183 first ten's of metres above the ground tends to increase in speed and veer CN10184 with height. CN10185 CN10186 Winds are normally measured at level, open sites removed as much as possible CN10187 from obstacles to wind flow such as trees, buildings, or hills. CN10188 CN10189 At the majority of principal stations, wind is measured by taking a one- or CN10190 (since 1985) two-minute mean at each observation, from a U2A anemometer. At CN10191 other wind-measuring sites, values are usually obtained from autographic CN10192 records of U2A or 45B anemometers. Averaging periods may vary from one minute CN10193 to an hour. Winds measured by U2A's are recorded to the nearest ten degrees, CN10194 while those from the 45B provide them to eight points of the compass. The CN10195 extreme gust speed is the instantaneous peak wind observed from the anemometer CN10196 dials, or abstracted from a continuous chart recording. CN10197 CN10198 Where directions were measured more precisely than eight points, they have CN10199 been converted to this format. The direction is defined as that from which CN10200 the wind blows. CN10201 CN10202 2.10 Sunshine and Solar Radiation CN10203 CN10204 In Canada, bright sunshine observations are made using the Campbell-Stokes CN10205 sunshine recorder, first developed in 1863. It consists of a 10-cm glass CN10206 sphere which focuses sunlight on a card calibrated in hours. Sunlight burns a CN10207 trace on the card, allowing the observer to determine to the nearest tenth of CN10208 an hour the amount of sunshine that occurs on a given day. It should be noted CN10209 that the recorder measures only "bright" sunshine, which is less than "vis- CN10210 ible" sunshine. For example, sunshine immediately after sunrise and just CN10211 before sunset would not be bright enough to register. Values given are the CN10212 totals for each month and year. CN10213 Solar radiation, which is a measure of the sun's electro-magnetic energy, is CN10214 available for a small number of stations across Canada. These data are CN10215 presented for each measured radiation field, namely, global (RF1), diffuse CN10216 (RF2), reflected (RF3), and net (RF4) radiation. CN10217 CN10218 2.11 Visibility and Cloud Cover CN10219 CN10220 The number of hours (or observations) in three classes, of visibility in kilo- CN10221 metres (< 1 km, 1-9 km, > 9 km), and cloud cover in tenths of sky covered (0- CN10222 2/10, 3-7/10, 8-10/10), are computed for principal stations. CN10223 CN10224 2.12 Soil Temperature CN10225 CN10226 Monthly averages of soil temperatures measured at a selection of standard CN10227 depths (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 300 cm) are given. Morning and afternoon CN10228 averages are also given for depths of 5, 10 and 20 cm. CN10229 CN10230 2.13 Evaporation CN10231 CN10232 Monthly averages of calculated lake evaporation (mm) derived from evaporation CN10233 pan measurements are given. Lake evaporation represents water loss from ponds CN10234 and small reservoirs but not large lakes. Lake evaporation tends in general CN10235 to be about a third less than measured pan evaporation. CN10236 CN10237 3. Accuracy and Representativeness of Data CN10238 CN10239 The normals values are derived from data in the national climatological CN10240 archive of Environment Canada. While considerable effort is made to ensure CN10241 the accuracy of these data, no guarantee can be given that they are error CN10242 free. CN10243 CN10244 The question of the extent to which climate elements measured at one site are CN10245 representative of surrounding locations is often raised. There is no simple CN10246 answer to this question, with factors such as the magnitude of the distance CN10247 from the observing site, homogeneity of the terrain, and nature of the element CN10248 having to be considered. For example, over rough ground or in a built-up CN10249 area, wind speeds can vary dramatically over distances of a few metres. In CN10250 contrast, air temperature tends to be a less variable weather element. Over CN10251 flat, uniform terrain temperature measurements at a single site may be CN10252 representative of conditions tens of kilometres, or even further, away. CN10253 Expert advice should be sought when using these data at locations where CN10254 representativeness is in question. CN10255 CN10256 4. Missing Data CN10257 CN10258 Except for extremes, the following rules were used to determine whether CN10259 monthly values would be calculated. In the case of daily temperatures (maxi- CN10260 mum, minimum and mean values) the "three-five rule" was used, i.e. a month was CN10261 counted as missing if more than five daily observations were missing (more CN10262 than three, if consecutive). CN10263 CN10264 In the case of average monthly amounts of rain, snow and precipitation, months CN10265 were excluded if one or more days were missing. The same method was used for CN10266 elements which are accumulative, such as degree-days and "days with". In the CN10267 case of extreme values, no data were excluded from the selection process. CN10268 The "three-five" rule was used for most of the remaining elements. CN10269 CN10270 5. Acknowledgements CN10271 CN10272 The 1961-90 normals project was made possible by the efforts of many people in CN10273 all parts of Canada, in particular those who made the weather observations, CN10274 quality controlled the collected data, and were responsible for the communica- CN10275 tions and computer systems on which the information was distributed and CN10276 stored. This product was developed by the Climate Information Branch under the CN10277 direction of Linda Stirling. CN10278 CN10279 - Project manager: Mal Berry CN10280 - Primary software development:Lisa Ang CN10281 - Other contributors: Krystyna Czaja CN10282 Anna Deptuch-Stapf CN10283 Malcolm Geast CN10284 Don Gullett CN10285 Tom Mathews CN10286 Fernando Proietto CN10287 Phil Sajecki CN10288 CN10289 Particular thanks go to the climate specialists in the Atmospheric Environment CN10290 Service's regional offices, who provided extensive advice. A headquarters- CN10291 based AES Climate Normals User Advisory Committee also provided valuable CN10292 input. CN10293 CN20001 CN20002 Normales climatiques canadiennes (1961-90) CN20003 CN20004 1. Introduction CN20005 CN20006 Les normales dsignent communment les valeurs des lments climatiques dont CN20007 on a tabli la moyenne sur une certaine priode fixe standard. Dans les annes CN20008 30, on a choisi, comme premire priode standard internationale, la priode de CN20009 30 ans allant de 1901 1930. Ce nombre d'annes, quoique fix d'une faon un CN20010 peu arbitraire, tait considr comme assez lev pour liminer les variations CN20011 qui surviennent d'une anne l'autre. En 1960, on a convenu que les pays CN20012 devraient continuer d'utiliser les priodes de 30 ans, mais qu'il faudrait CN20013 mettre les normales jour chaque dcennie, au lieu de tous les 30 ans, CN20014 commencer par la priode allant de 1931 1960. CN20015 CN20016 Au Canada, pendant la premire partie de ce sicle, il existait un nombre trs CN20017 limit de stations qui avaient effectu des observations pendant la priode CN20018 1901-1930. En consquence, on a calcul les moyennes d'aprs toutes les CN20019 donnes disponibles et non pas pour la priode des normales. l'aide CN20020 d'additionneuses, on a tabli le premier ensemble de normales sur 30 ans, de CN20021 1921 1950. On a constitu des ensembles aprs la fin de chaque dcennie CN20022 ultrieure. C'est en 1965 qu'on a install le premier ordinateur destin aux CN20023 applications climatologiques, en partie pour faciliter l'tablissement des CN20024 normales. CN20025 CN20026 Il s'agit d'un nombre de produits (publications, disquettes, CD-ROM) CN20027 renfermant les normales de 1961-1990 pour des stations rparties dans tout le CN20028 Canada. On y a inclus des stations choisies pour lesquelles il existe au moins CN20029 20 annes de donnes disponibles dans la priode 1961-1990. On a group les CN20030 stations par rgion, comme suit : Les provinces atlantiques, la Colombie- CN20031 Britannique, l'Ontario, l'Alberta, la Saskatchewan et le Manitoba, le Qubec, CN20032 ainsi que le Yukon et les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. CN20033 CN20034 2. lments climatiques CN20035 CN20036 Sauf si elles sont qualifies d'extrmes, les valeurs des lments sont des CN20037 moyennes pour la priode de 1961-1990 ou pour une partie d'au moins 20 ans de CN20038 cette priode. Les extrmes reprsentent la plus forte ou la plus basse CN20039 occurrence de toutes les annes pour lesquelles il existe des donnes. Les CN20040 extrmes dont la moyenne correspondante manque doivent tre utiliss avec CN20041 prudence. Ils drivent souvent de moins de 20 annes d'observations et CN20042 n'indiquent peut-tre pas les occurrences auxquelles on pourrait s'attendre CN20043 sur de plus longues priodes CN20044 CN20045 Pour les programmes d'observation des stations, les dates de dbut et de fin CN20046 correspondent la priode totale d'observation et, de ce fait, renvoient la CN20047 priode utilise pour calculer les extrmes. CN20048 CN20049 Les symboles des tableaux comprennent le +, signalant une valeur qui s'est CN20050 prsente plus d'une fois dans une priode donne, et le M, qui indique CN20051 l'absence de donnes pour la priode. Les N et X informent qu'il existe CN20052 bien des donnes, mais en nombre insuffisant pour calculer une valeur. Le CN20053 paragraphe Donnes manquantes ci-aprs donne de plus amples renseignements. CN20054 Si le signe + apparat, les dates sont celles du phnomne le plus rcent. CN20055 Ou un "*" remplace un nombre la section "journes avec", la quantit est CN20056 moins qu'un. CN20057 CN20058 Dans l'tude ci-dessous, on a qualifi les stations d'ordinaires ou de CN20059 principales. Les premires sont des stations types qui enregistrent la CN20060 temprature quotidienne et la hauteur quotidienne des prcipitations. Par CN20061 constraste, les stations principales effectuent des observations horaires pour CN20062 la totalit ou une partie de la journe. Dans la prsente disquette, les CN20063 stations pour lesquelles il existe des lments comme la pression, l'humidit CN20064 relative et le vent sont d'habitude des stations principales. CN20065 CN20066 2.1 Temprature CN20067 CN20068 On mesure la temprature dans une bote persiennes appele abri Stevenson, CN20069 monte 1,5 m du sol, lui-mme constitu d'ordinaire d'une surface herbeuse CN20070 et de niveau. la plupart des stations ordinaires, la temprature maximale CN20071 est la plus forte temprature enregistre en une priode de 24 heures se CN20072 terminant le lendemain matin. Les minimums se rapportent une priode de la CN20073 mme dure, commenant la veille du jour prcdent. La temprature moyenne est CN20074 la moyenne des deux. la plupart des stations principales, les tempratures CN20075 maximales et minimales correspondent une journe qui commence 0600 heures, CN20076 heure moyenne de Greenwich (temps universel), quelques heures de l'heure CN20077 normale locale de minuit au Canada. CN20078 CN20079 Les tempratures du thermomtre sec, comme les tempratures maximales et CN20080 minimales quotidiennes, sont mesures dans l'abri Stevenson qui protge les CN20081 thermomtres contre la lumire directe du soleil. Les tempratures du CN20082 thermomtre sec sont enregistres toutes les heures aux principales stations CN20083 climatiques. CN20084 CN20085 2.2 Degrs-jours CN20086 CN20087 Les degrs-jours d'une journe reprsentent l'cart ngatif ou positif, en CN20088 degrs Celsius, qui spare la temprature moyenne d'une valeur de base donne. CN20089 Par exemple, les degrs-jours de chauffe sont le nombre de degrs infrieurs CN20090 18 C. Si la temprature est gale ou infrieure 18 C, ce nombre sera nul. CN20091 Les valeurs suprieures ou infrieures la base de 18 C servent d'habitude CN20092 estimer les besoins en chauffage et en climatisation des btiments. Les CN20093 valeurs suprieures 5 C sont souvent appeles degrs-jours de croissance et CN20094 servent, en agriculture, d'indice de croissance des rcoltes. Les valeurs CN20095 disponibles reprsentent l'accumulation moyenne de degrs-jours, au-dessus ou CN20096 au-dessous d'une slection de tempratures de basse, pour un mois donn de CN20097 l'anne. CN20098 CN20099 2.3 Saison de temprature minimale suprieure 0C CN20100 CN20101 On donne les dates de dbut et de fin du cycle annuel pendant lequel la CN20102 temprature minimale, mesure dans un abri Stevenson 1,5 m du sol, s'lve CN20103 au-dessus de 0 C et reste positive pendant une priode prolonge. Les valeurs CN20104 indiques sont les dates effectives de chaque anne pour laquelle il existe CN20105 des donnes. Ces donnes servent souvent aux applications agricoles. CN20106 Toutefois, il convient d'user de prudence, car les tempratures minimales au CN20107 niveau du sol sont d'ordinaire plus basses. CN20108 CN20109 2.4 Prcipitations CN20110 CN20111 D'ordinaire, la pluie, la bruine, la pluie verglaante, la bruine verglaante CN20112 et la grle sont mesures avec le pluviomtre canadien standard : contenant CN20113 cylindrique de 40 cm de haut et de 11,3 cm de diamtre. Les prcipitations CN20114 sont canalises dans des rcipients de plastique gradus pour les mesures. La CN20115 hauteur de neige est la hauteur de neige frachement tombe, mesure la CN20116 rgle gradue. On procde des mesures plusieurs points qui paraissent CN20117 reprsentatifs de la zone immdiate, puis on en tablit la moyenne. Les CN20118 prcipitations des tableaux donnent l'quivalent en eau de tous les types de CN20119 prcipitations. CN20120 CN20121 la plupart des stations ordinaires, pour calculer l'quivalent en eau de la CN20122 neige, on divise par dix la hauteur mesure. Aux stations principales, pour CN20123 tablir cette mme donne, on fait fondre la neige qui tombe dans les CN20124 nivomtres de Nipher. Ce sont des appareils conus pour attnuer la turbulence CN20125 autour de l'orifice et installs assez haut du sol pour empcher l'entre de CN20126 la plus grande partie de la poudrerie leve. En rgle gnrale, la hauteur de CN20127 neige dtermine par cette mthode permet d'obtenir une estimation plus CN20128 prcice des prcipitations que la mthode de la rgle de 10 pour 1. Mme CN20129 des stations climatiques ordinaires, la hauteur normale des prcipitations ne CN20130 sera pas toujours gale la hauteur de pluie augmente d'un dixime de la CN20131 hauteur de neige. Les observations manquantes sont une des causes de ces CN20132 divergences. CN20133 CN20134 En principe, aux stations principales, on mesure les prcipitations quatre CN20135 fois par jour. Aux stations ordinaires, on les mesure gnralement une ou deux CN20136 fois par jour. Les hauteurs de pluie, de neige et de prcipitations donnes CN20137 reprsentent l'accumulation moyenne pour un certain mois ou une certaine CN20138 anne. CN20139 CN20140 2.5 Enneigement CN20141 CN20142 L'enneigement est la hauteur de neige accumule au sol, mesure plusieurs CN20143 points qui paraissent reprsentatifs de la zone immdiate, puis ramene la CN20144 moyenne. Les valeurs de fin de mois sont disponibles. CN20145 CN20146 2.6 Nombre de jours avec des paramtres CN20147 spcifis CN20148 CN20149 Nombre moyen de jours par mois ou par an pendant lesquels survient un CN20150 vnement mtorologique dtermin. CN20151 CN20152 -Dans le cas de la pluie et des prcipitations, il faut au moins 0,2 mm CN20153 pour qu'il y ait un jour avec. Le valeur correspondant pour la neige CN20154 est 0,2 cm. CN20155 -On compte un jour avec prcipitations verglaantes s'il tombe au moins 0,2 CN20156 mm de pluie ou de bruine qui se transforme en glace au contact de la CN20157 surface sous-jacente. CN20158 -Par dfinition, le brouillard est une suspension de minuscules CN20159 gouttelettes d'eau qui rduisent la visibilit moins de 1 km. CN20160 -Un jour avec orages est un jour au cours duquel on a entendu le tonnerre. CN20161 -Un jour avec fumme/brume, chasse-poussire ou poudrerie leve est un CN20162 jour au cours duquel la visibilit horizontale est rduite moins de 10 CN20163 km. CN20164 -On compte un jour avec grle s'il tombe de la glae de moins de 5 mm de CN20165 diamtre. CN20166 CN20167 2.7 Pression CN20168 CN20169 La pression la station est la force exerce sur la surface terrestre par une CN20170 colonne d'air d'une section transversale unitaire allant de la surface de la CN20171 terre la limite extrieure de l'atmosphre. Elle est donne en kilopascals : CN20172 un kilopascal est gal 10 millibars, soit 0,2953 pouces de mercure, soit CN20173 encore 0,145 livres par pouce carr. L'instrument standard de mesure de la CN20174 pression atmosphrique est le baromtre mercure, dans lequel la pression de CN20175 l'air est contrebalance par le poids d'une colonne de mercure dans un tube de CN20176 verre qui renferme le vide. CN20177 CN20178 Pour calculer la pression au niveau de la mer, on ajoute la pression de la CN20179 station le poids quivalent d'une colonne d'air qui va de l'altitude de la CN20180 station au niveau de la mer. CN20181 CN20182 Les valeurs sont les moyennes mensuelles tablies d'aprs les observations CN20183 horaires particulires. CN20184 CN20185 2.8 Humidit CN20186 CN20187 La pression de la vapeur est la pression exerce par l'humidit de l'air. Elle CN20188 s'accrot avec la temprature et la teneur en humidit de l'air. Elle CN20189 s'apparente l'humidit relative en ce que celle-ci est le rapport de la CN20190 valeur effective de la pression de la vapeur la valeur qu'elle prendrait si CN20191 l'air tait satur la mme temprature. La partie consacre la pression CN20192 des stations renferme une note sur l'unit de mesure. CN20193 CN20194 L'humidit relative et la pression de la vapeur sont tablies d'aprs les CN20195 mesures types de la temprature du thermomtre sec et des paramtres CN20196 d'humidit directement mesurs, comme la temprature du thermomtre mouill. CN20197 Le point de rose, tabli d'une faon analogue, donne aussi une indication de CN20198 l'humidit de l'air. CN20199 CN20200 2.9 Vent CN20201 CN20202 La plupart des mesures du vent sont effectues par des anmomtres installs CN20203 dix mtres du sol. Un nombre important, mais minoritaire, de ces stations CN20204 possdent des instruments installs une autre hauteur, d'ordinaire de plus CN20205 de dix mtres. Sur les premires dizaines de mtres du sol, le vent a tendance CN20206 augmenter de vitesse et virer en fonction de la hauteur. CN20207 CN20208 En rgle gnrale, on mesure les vents des stations dgages et CN20209 horizontales, situes le plus possible l'cart d'obstacles la circulation CN20210 du vent, comme les arbres, les btiments ou les collines. CN20211 CN20212 chaque observation, pour mesurer le vent la plupart des stations CN20213 principales, on consulte un anmomtre U2A pour en relever la moyenne sur une CN20214 ou (depuis 1985) deux minutes. D'ordinaire, d'autres stations de mesure du CN20215 vent, on obtient les valeurs partir de relevs autographiques d'anmomtres CN20216 U2A ou 45B. Les priodes slectionnes pour le calcul des moyennes peuvent CN20217 aller d'une minute une heure. Les vents mesurs par les U2A sont enregistrs CN20218 10 degrs prs, ceux qui le sont par le 45B sont ramens huit points de la CN20219 boussole. La vitesse extrme de rafale correspond au vent de pointe instantan CN20220 observ partir du cadran des anmomtres ou tir d'un relev continu sur CN20221 tableau. CN20222 CN20223 Dans la prsente disquette, on a ramen huit points la direction des vents CN20224 qui avaient t mesur avec plus de prcision. Par dfinition, la direction CN20225 du vent dsigne la zone d'origine de celui-ci. CN20226 CN20227 2.10 Insolation et rayonnement solaire CN20228 CN20229 Au Canada, on observe l'insolation effective l'aide de l'hliographe CN20230 Campbell-Stokes, conu en 1863. Il se compose d'une sphre de verre de 10 cm CN20231 qui fait converger la lumire du soleil sur une carte talonne en heures. La CN20232 lumire du soleil laisse une trace l o le papier brle sur la carte, ce qui CN20233 permet l'observateur de dterminer, au plus proche dixime d'heure, le CN20234 nombre d'heures d'insolation d'une journe donne. Notons que cet enregistreur CN20235 ne mesure que l'insolation effective, qui n'est pas toute l'insolation vis- CN20236 ible. Par exemple, juste aprs le lever et avant le coucher du soleil, celui- CN20237 ci ne serait pas assez vif pour que l'appareil enregistre l'insolation. Les CN20238 valeurs donnes sont le total par mois et par an. CN20239 CN20240 Mesure de l'nergie lectro-magntique du soleil, le rayonnement solaire CN20241 existe pour un petit nombre de stations rparties dans l'ensemble du Canada. CN20242 Quand elles existent, les donnes du rayonnement solaire sont inclus. On les CN20243 prsente pour chaque champ de rayonnement mesur, savoir : rayonnement CN20244 mondial (RF1), diffus (RF2), rflchi (RF3) et net (RF4). CN20245 CN20246 2.11 Visibilit et nbulosit CN20247 CN20248 On a calcul, pour les principales stations, le nombre d'heures (ou CN20249 d'observations) dans trois catgories de visibilit en kilomtres < 1 km, 1 CN20250 9 km, > 9 km) et la nbulosit en diximes de ciel couvert (0-2/10, 3-7/10, 8- CN20251 10/10). CN20252 CN20253 2.12 Temprature du sol CN20254 CN20255 Les moyennes mensuelles des tempratures du sol pour chaque mois et anne sont CN20256 mesures certaines profondeurs types (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 et 300 cm). On CN20257 a aussi donn les valeurs du matin et de l'aprs-midi pour les profondeurs de CN20258 5, 10 et 20 cm. CN20259 CN20260 2.13 vaporation CN20261 CN20262 On a donn les totaux mensuels (en mm) de l'vaporation calcule des lacs, CN20263 totaux tablis d'aprs des mesures aux bacs d'vaporation. L'vaporation des CN20264 lacs reprsente la perte d'eau des tangs et des petits rservoirs, non pas CN20265 celle des grands lacs. En gnral, l'vaporation des lacs tend tre CN20266 infrieure d'environ un tiers l'vaporation mesure des bacs. CN20267 CN20268 3. Exactitude et reprsentativit des donnes CN20269 CN20270 Les valeurs figurant dans le prsent disque sont drives de donnes des CN20271 archives climatologiques nationales d'Environnement Canada. Nous avons fait CN20272 tout notre possible pour que ces donnes soient exactes, mais nous ne pouvons CN20273 garantir qu'elles sont exemptes d'erreurs. CN20274 CN20275 On se demande souvent si les mesures des lments climatiques effectues une CN20276 station sont reprsentatives des emplacements environnants. Il n'existe pas de CN20277 rponse simple cette interrogation, car il faut tenir compte de facteurs CN20278 comme la distance par rapport la station d'observation, l'homognit du CN20279 terrain et la nature de l'lment. Par exemple, sur un terrain accident ou CN20280 dans une zone btie, la vitesse du vent peut varier d'une faon considrable CN20281 en l'espace de quelques mtres. En revanche, la temprature de l'air est un CN20282 lment mtorologique qui tend moins varier. Sur un terrain plat et CN20283 uniforme, la temprature du vent releve une seule station peut tre CN20284 reprsentative de conditions qui prdominent des dizaines de kilomtres et CN20285 mme plus. CN20286 CN20287 Il convient de se faire conseiller par un expert pour utiliser ces donnes CN20288 des endroits o la reprsentativit est contestable. CN20289 CN20290 4. Donnes manquantes CN20291 CN20292 On se sont servi des rgles suivantes pour determiner si les moyennes CN20293 mensuellees tait manquantes. Dans le cas des tempratures quotidiennes CN20294 (maximum, minimum et moyenne), on a observ la rgle des trois et cinq : CN20295 S'il manque plus que cinq observations (ou plus que trois observations CN20296 conscutives), le mois est considr comme manquant. CN20297 CN20298 Dans le cas des hauteurs mensuelles moyennes de pluie, de neige et de CN20299 prcipitations, on a exclu le mois quand il manquait un ou plusieurs jours. On CN20300 a suivi le mme principe pour les lments cumulatifs, comme les degrs-jours CN20301 et les jours avec. Dans le cas de valeurs extrmes, on n'a exclu aucune CN20302 donne du processus de slection. On a appliqu la rgle des trois et cinq CN20303 pour la plupart des lments restants. CN20304 CN20305 5. Remerciements CN20306 CN20307 Le projet des normales de 1961-1990 a t rendu possible par les efforts de CN20308 nombre de personnes de tout le Canada, en particulier de celles qui ont CN20309 effectu les observations mtorologiques, contrl la qualit des donnes CN20310 recueillies et taient responsables des systmes de tlcommunications et CN20311 d'informatique ayant permis de diffuser et de mmoriser l'information. Ce CN20312 produit tait developp par la Direction de l'information climatique sons la CN20313 conduite de Linda Stirling. CN20314 CN20315 - Directeur du projet: - Malcolm Berry CN20316 - Conception fondamentale du produit:- Lisa Ang CN20317 - Autres collaborateurs: - Krystyna Czaja CN20318 - Anna Deptuch-Stapf CN20319 - Malcolm Geast CN20320 - Don Gullett CN20321 - Tom Mathews CN20322 - Fernando Proietto CN20323 - Philip Sajecki CN20324 CN20325 Nous remercions tout particulirement les spcialistes en climatologie des CN20326 bureaux rgionaux du Service de l'environnement atmosphrique, qui ont fourni CN20327 nombre de conseils. l'Administration centrale, un Comit consultatif des CN20328 usagers des donnes climatiques du SEA a aussi offert une utile participation. CN20329 CO10001 CO10002 CO10003 The following procedures were followed for the Colombia normals: CO10004 CO10005 (1) the mean monthly temperature was computed from three observations per CO10006 day using the formula: (07h+13h+2*19h)/4 CO10007 CO10008 (2) the vapor pressure and dew point temperature elements were computed CO10009 from three observations per day using the formula: (07h+13h+19h)/3 CO10010 CO10011 (3) for monthly total precipitation, the quantity of precipitation was measured CO10012 four times a day, at 00, 06, 12, and 18 hours GMT. A month ends at the CO10013 12 GMT hour of the first day of the following month. The total CO10014 precipitation, for each month, is the sum of the respective daily values. CO10015 CO10016 (4) for evaporation, observations were taken three times a day, at 00, 12, CO10017 and 18 hours GMT. A month ends at the 12 GMT hour of the first day of CO10018 the following month. CO10019 CO10020 CO20001 CO20002 CO20003 CO20004 CO20005 CO20006 CO20007 CO20008 CO20009 CO20010 CO20011 N O T A S E X P L I C A T I V A S CO20012 CO20013 CO20014 CO20015 CO20016 CO20017 CO20018 CO20019 CO20020 1-MESES FALTATANTES CO20021 CO20022 CO20023 A continuacin se describe , para los valores de las normales climatolgicas , la informacin faltante en cada uno de los perodos registrados CO20024 en las diferentes estaciones; dicha informacin se presenta bajo los siguientes cdigos alfanumricos en el cuadro corespondiente a cada estacin. CO20025 CO20026 CODIGO PARAMETRO CLIMATOLOGICO UNIDADES CO20027 CO20028 1 TEMPERATURA oC CO20029 2 DURACION DE LA INSOLACION Horas CO20030 3 TENSION DE VAPOR hP CO20031 4 TOTALES DE PRECIPITACION mms CO20032 5 # DIAS CON PRECIPITACION IGUAL O SUPERIOR A 0.1 mm Conteo CO20033 6 HUMEDAD RELATIVA MAXIMA % CO20034 7 HUMEDAD RELATIVA MINIMA % CO20035 8 PUNTO DE ROCIO oC CO20036 9 EVAPORACION TOTAL mms CO20037 A TEMPERATURA MEDIA MAXIMA MENSUAL oC CO20038 B TEMPERATURA MEDIA MINIMA MENSUAL oC CO20039 C TEMPERATURA MAXIMA ABSOLUTA oC CO20040 D TEMPERATURA MINIMA ABSOLUTA oC CO20041 CO20042 CO20043 CO20044 CO20045 CO20046 CO20047 CO20048 CO20049 CO20050 CO20051 CO20052 CO20053 CO20054 CO20055 CO20056 CO20057 CO20058 CO20059 CO20060 CO20061 CO20062 CO20063 CO20064 AEPTO. S E S Q U I C E N T E N A R I O CO20065 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20066 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20067 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20068 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20069 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20070 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20071 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20072 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20073 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20074 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20075 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20076 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20077 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20078 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20079 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20080 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20081 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20082 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20083 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20084 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20085 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20086 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20087 | 1970 |D | | | | | | | | |BD |BD | | CO20088 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20089 | 1971 | | |D |D | | |D | |3ABCD | |BD | | CO20090 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20091 | 1972 |BD |BD | | | | | |ABCD |ABCD | | |D | CO20092 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20093 | 1973 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |9 | | | |9 | CO20094 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20095 | 1974 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20096 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20097 | 1975 | | | |ABCD |3ABCD |9BD |BD | | | |9 | | CO20098 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20099 | 1976 |BD | |35679ABCD | | |2 |35679ABCD |35679ABCD | | | |9 | CO20100 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20101 | 1977 | |35679ABCD |35679ABCD |35679ABCD | |235679ABD | |35679ABCD |35679ABCD | | | | CO20102 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20103 | 1978 |29 |9 |9AB |9 |9 |2 |9AB |9 |9 |9AB |9AB |9AB | CO20104 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20105 | 1979 |9 | | |BD |9BD |BD | | | |2 |9 | | CO20106 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20107 | 1980 | 3 | |3 | |3 |3 | | | | | | | CO20108 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20109 | 1981 |9 | | | | |9 | | |9 | |9 | | CO20110 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20111 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20112 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20113 | 1983 | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | CO20114 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20115 | 1984 | | |AC |9AC |AC |235679AB |235679AB |235679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB | CO20116 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20117 | 1985 |35679ABD |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB |35679AB | | | | | CO20118 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20119 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20120 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20121 | 1987 | | | | | | | |3679AB | | | | | CO20122 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20123 | 1988 |9 |9 | | | |9 |367AB |3679AB |3679AB |3679AB |3679AB |3679AB | CO20124 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20125 | 1989 |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB | |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB | CO20126 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20127 | 1990 |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB |367AB | | | | | | | | CO20128 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20129 CO20130 AEPTO. S I M O N B O L I V A R CO20131 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20132 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20133 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20134 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20135 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | |35678 |35678 |35678 | CO20136 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20137 | 1962 |356767 |3567 |3567 |35 |3567 |3567 |3567 |35 |3567 |3567 |3567 |3567 | CO20138 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20139 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20140 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20141 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20142 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20143 | 1965 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 | | | | | | | | CO20144 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20145 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20146 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20147 | 1967 | | |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 | | CO20148 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20149 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | |5 | | | CO20150 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20151 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20152 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20153 | 1970 | | | | | | | | | | | |3678 | CO20154 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20155 | 1971 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 | CO20156 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20157 | 1972 |38 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 | CO20158 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20159 | 1973 |3678 |3678 |3678ABCD |AC |AC | | | | | | | | CO20160 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20161 | 1974 | |3678 | |3678 | | | | | | | | | CO20162 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20163 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20164 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20165 | 1976 | | | | | | |38 | | | | | | CO20166 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20167 | 1977 | | | |38 |AC | | |358 | | | | | CO20168 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20169 | 1978 | | |3678 |3678 | | | | | | | | | CO20170 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20171 | 1979 | |38 | | | | | | |38 | |BD |BD | CO20172 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20173 | 1980 |BD | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20174 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20175 | 1981 | | | |3678 |38 | |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |67 |3678 | CO20176 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20177 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20178 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20179 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20180 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20181 | 1984 |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678ABCD |35678ABC | | | | | CO20182 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20183 | 1985 |5678ABCD |5678AB |5678AB | | | | | | | | | | CO20184 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20185 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | |3678 | CO20186 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20187 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20188 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20189 | 1988 | |3678 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 |5678 |35 |35678 |35678 |35678 |35678 | CO20190 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20191 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20192 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20193 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | |5 |5 |5 | CO20194 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20195 CO20196 AEPTO. R A F A E L N U E Z CO20197 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20198 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20199 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20200 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20201 | 1961 | | |8 |58 | | | | | | | | | CO20202 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20203 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20204 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20205 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20206 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20207 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20208 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20209 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20210 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20211 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20212 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20213 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20214 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20215 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20216 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20217 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20218 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20219 | 1970 | | | | | |3678 | | | | | | | CO20220 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20221 | 1971 | | | | | | |3678C | |35678BCD | | | | CO20222 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20223 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | |38AC |38AC | CO20224 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20225 | 1973 |3678AC |3678AC | | | | |9 |9 |9 |9 | | | CO20226 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20227 | 1974 | | | | | |BD |ABD | | | | | | CO20228 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20229 | 1975 |A | | | | | | | | |9 | | | CO20230 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20231 | 1976 | |2 | | | | | | |9 | | |ABD | CO20232 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20233 | 1977 | | | | |2D |2 | | | | | |2 | CO20234 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20235 | 1978 |B |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |9BD |9BD |9BD |BD |9BD | CO20236 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20237 | 1979 |BD |BD |9BD |9BD |9BD |9 |9BD |9BD |9BD |9BD |9BD |9BD | CO20238 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20239 | 1980 |9BD |9BD |9BD |BD |2BD |9BD | |ABCD |BD |BD | |BD | CO20240 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20241 | 1981 |9D |9AC |9AC |9AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC | | | | CO20242 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20243 | 1982 |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |9 |AC |9AC |AC | | | CO20244 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20245 | 1983 | | | |AC |9AC |389AC |38 |389 |38 |389 |2389 |389 | CO20246 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20247 | 1984 | | | | | |5 | | | | | |ABCD | CO20248 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20249 | 1985 | |AB | | | | | | | | | | | CO20250 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20251 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20252 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20253 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20254 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20255 | 1988 | | | | |2 | | | | | | | | CO20256 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20257 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20258 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20259 | 1990 | |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 |3 | CO20260 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20261 CO20262 AEPTO. E. C O R T I S S O Z CO20263 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20264 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20265 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20266 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20267 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20268 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20269 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20270 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20271 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | |3 | CO20272 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20273 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20274 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20275 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20276 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20277 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20278 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20279 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20280 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20281 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20282 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20283 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20284 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20285 | 1970 | | | | | | | | |38 | | | | CO20286 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20287 | 1971 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | |9 |9 | | | | CO20288 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20289 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20290 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20291 | 1973 |2 |2 |2 | |2 |2 | | | | | | | CO20292 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20293 | 1974 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20294 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20295 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20296 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20297 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | CO20298 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20299 | 1977 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20300 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20301 | 1978 |2 |2 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | | |9 |9 |9 | CO20302 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20303 | 1979 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20304 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20305 | 1980 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9AC |9AC |9AC |9 |9AC |9AC |9AC |9AC | CO20306 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20307 | 1981 |9AC |9AC |9AC |9 |9 |9D |9 |9 | | | | | CO20308 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20309 | 1982 |9 |9 |9 |9 | | | | |38AB | | | | CO20310 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20311 | 1983 |2 | | | | | |9 | |9 |2 |389AB |38 | CO20312 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20313 | 1984 | | | | | |2 |2 |2 | | | | | CO20314 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20315 | 1985 | | | | | | |2 | | | | | | CO20316 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20317 | 1986 | | | | | | | |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC | CO20318 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20319 | 1987 |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |389ABCD |9C |9C |389ABCD |9C |9C | CO20320 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20321 | 1988 | |38 |358 | | | |358 |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 | CO20322 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20323 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | |67 | CO20324 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20325 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20326 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20327 CO20328 AEPTO. Y A R I G U I E S CO20329 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20330 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20331 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20332 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20333 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20334 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20335 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20336 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20337 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | |358ABCD |358ACD | CO20338 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20339 | 1964 | | | | | | |5 |5 |5 |5 |5 | | CO20340 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20341 | 1965 |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC |3BC | CO20342 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20343 | 1966 |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC |38BC | CO20344 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20345 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20346 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20347 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20348 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20349 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20350 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20351 | 1970 | | | | |5 |3ABCD |8 | | | | | | CO20352 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20353 | 1971 | | | | | | | | |35678ABCD | | | | CO20354 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20355 | 1972 | | | |ABCD | | | |ABCD | | | |ABC | CO20356 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20357 | 1973 |29 |29ABCD |29 |29 |2 | | |ABCD |9 |9 |9 |ABCD | CO20358 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20359 | 1974 |ABCD |9ACD |B |ABCD |ABCD | | |ABCD |D |9 | |2 | CO20360 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20361 | 1975 |ABCD | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20362 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20363 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20364 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20365 | 1977 | | |2 | |2 |23589ABCD | |BD | | |2 | | CO20366 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20367 | 1978 | |2 |9 | | | | | | | | |9 | CO20368 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20369 | 1979 | | | | | |BD | | | | | | | CO20370 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20371 | 1980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20372 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20373 | 1981 | |3678 |35678 |BD | | | | |3678 |38ABCD | | | CO20374 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20375 | 1982 | |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD | | | CO20376 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20377 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | |26789ABD |C | CO20378 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20379 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20380 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20381 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20382 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20383 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20384 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20385 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20386 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20387 | 1988 |59 |59 | | | | |23567ABCD |2679AB |267AB |267AB |267AB |267AB | CO20388 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20389 | 1989 | | | |3 |3 | | | | | | | | CO20390 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20391 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20392 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20393 CO20394 AEPTO. C A M I L O D A Z A CO20395 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20396 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20397 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20398 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20399 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20400 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20401 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20402 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20403 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20404 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20405 | 1964 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 | CO20406 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20407 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20408 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20409 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20410 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20411 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20412 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20413 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20414 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20415 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20416 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20417 | 1970 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20418 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20419 | 1971 |3678ABCD | |A |A3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678AB |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |35678ABCD |3678AC |3678ABCD |3678ABCD | CO20420 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20421 | 1972 |3678ABCD |3678ABC |3678ABCD |35678ABC |ABCD |ABCD |3678ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABD | CO20422 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20423 | 1973 |38 |389 |9 | | | | | | | | | | CO20424 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20425 | 1974 | | | |3678 | | | | | | | | | CO20426 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20427 | 1975 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |29 | | | | |2 | CO20428 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20429 | 1976 |2 | |2 | | | |9 | |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20430 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20431 | 1977 |9 | | |23589 | |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20432 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20433 | 1978 |29 |29 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | | | | CO20434 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20435 | 1979 |29 |2 |2 |2 | |2 |2 |2A |2 |2 |29A |9A | CO20436 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20437 | 1980 |AC |9 |9 | | | | | |3 | |2 | | CO20438 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20439 | 1981 | | | | | | | | | | | |3 | CO20440 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20441 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20442 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20443 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20444 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20445 | 1984 | | | | |3678AB |2356789AB |38 |2356789AB | | | | | CO20446 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20447 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20448 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20449 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20450 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20451 | 1987 |C |C |C |C |C |AC |C |C |C |C |C |9 | CO20452 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20453 | 1988 | | | | | |9 | |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20454 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20455 | 1989 | | | | |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC | | | | CO20456 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20457 | 1990 | | | | | | |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20458 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20459 CO20460 AEPTO. A R A U C A CO20461 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20462 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20463 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20464 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20465 | 1961 | | | |35678AB |35678AB |3678AB |3678AB |3678AB |3678AB | | | | CO20466 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20467 | 1962 |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB | CO20468 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20469 | 1963 |3678 |3678 | | | | | | | | | | | CO20470 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20471 | 1964 | | | | |AB |AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB |35678AB | | CO20472 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20473 | 1965 |1 |13678AB |13678AB |13678AB |13678AB |13678AB |13678AB |13678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB |135678AB | CO20474 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20475 | 1966 |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B |135678B | CO20476 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20477 | 1967 | | | | | | | |3678AB |3678AB | | | | CO20478 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20479 | 1968 | | | | | | |B | | | | | | CO20480 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20481 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20482 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20483 | 1970 | | | |B | | | | | | | | | CO20484 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20485 | 1971 |BD |BD | | | | |35678ABCD | | | | | | CO20486 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20487 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20488 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20489 | 1973 | | | | | |CD | | | | | | | CO20490 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20491 | 1974 | |D | |ABCD |ABCD |BD |BD | | | | |ABCD | CO20492 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20493 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | |BD | | | CO20494 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20495 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20496 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20497 | 1977 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20498 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20499 | 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20500 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20501 | 1979 | | |35678BD | | | | | | |3678 |3678 |3678 | CO20502 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20503 | 1980 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 | | | |67 |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD | CO20504 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20505 | 1981 |123678ABCD |123678ABCD |123678ABCD |123678ABCD |123678ABCD |1ABCD |1ABCD |167ABCD |167ABCD |167AC |167AC |167AC | CO20506 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20507 | 1982 |AC |AC | |AC | |AC |ABCD | |AC |AC |AC |AC | CO20508 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20509 | 1983 |AC | | | | | |AC |AC | |2358AD | | | CO20510 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20511 | 1984 | | | | | | | |238ABCD | |C | |AC | CO20512 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20513 | 1985 |AC |A |235678ABC |2AC |2AC |23567ABCD |8 |2 | |2 | | | CO20514 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20515 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20516 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20517 | 1987 | | | | |5 | | | | |AC | | | CO20518 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20519 | 1988 | | |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |AB |AB |367ABCD |AB |AB | CO20520 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20521 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20522 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20523 | 1990 |C | | |367 | | | | | | | | | CO20524 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20525 CO20526 CO20527 CO20528 CO20529 CO20530 AEPTO. P U E R T O C A R R E O CO20531 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20532 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20533 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20534 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20535 | 1971 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20536 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20537 | 1972 |35 |35 |35678ABCD |35678ABCD |35 | | | | | | | | CO20538 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20539 | 1973 |B | | | | | |3 | |C | | | | CO20540 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20541 | 1974 | |678ABCD | | | | |3 | | | | | | CO20542 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20543 | 1975 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20544 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20545 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | |36789 | | | CO20546 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20547 | 1977 | | | | | | | | |35678ABCD |AC | | | CO20548 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20549 | 1978 | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | CO20550 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20551 | 1979 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20552 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20553 | 1980 |59 |9 |9 |9 |9 | |2 | | | | |9 | CO20554 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20555 | 1981 |9 | | |BD |BD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD | | | | | CO20556 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20557 | 1982 |38 | | |59 | | | | | |2 |59 |356789ABCD | CO20558 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20559 | 1983 | |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 | |3678 |3678ABCD |678ABCD |3678 | CO20560 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20561 | 1984 | |67 | | | | | | | | | | | CO20562 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20563 | 1985 | | |9 |9 | | | | | | | | | CO20564 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20565 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | |BD | CO20566 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20567 | 1987 | |9 |9 | | | | | |9AC | |9 |9 | CO20568 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20569 | 1988 |59 | |59 | |59 | | |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20570 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20571 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | |5 | | CO20572 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20573 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20574 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20575 CO20576 CO20577 CO20578 CO20579 CO20580 CO20581 CO20582 CO20583 CO20584 CO20585 CO20586 CO20587 CO20588 CO20589 CO20590 CO20591 CO20592 AEPTO. E L C A R A O CO20593 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20594 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20595 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20596 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20597 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20598 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20599 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20600 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20601 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20602 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20603 | 1964 | | |ACD |D |D |D |D |D |D |D | | | CO20604 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20605 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20606 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20607 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20608 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20609 | 1967 |3678ACD |3678ACD |35678ACD |3678ACD | | | | | | | | | CO20610 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20611 | 1968 |AC |AC |AC |ACD | | | | | | | | | CO20612 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20613 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20614 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20615 | 1970 | | | | | | | |D | | | | | CO20616 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20617 | 1971 | | | | | | | | | | |3678ACD |3678ACD | CO20618 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20619 | 1972 |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ABCD |1B |1ACD |1 |1ACD |13678ACD |135678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD | CO20620 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20621 | 1973 |13678ABCD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678ACD |13678AC |13678AC |13678 | CO20622 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20623 | 1974 |13678 |13678ABCD |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678D |13678D |13678 |13678ACD | CO20624 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20625 | 1975 | | | | | |ACD |D |D | | | | | CO20626 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20627 | 1976 |D | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20628 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20629 | 1977 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 | | | |B |29 |2 | | CO20630 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20631 | 1978 |2 |2A |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | CO20632 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20633 | 1979 | |9 | | | | |AC | | | | |2 | CO20634 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20635 | 1980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20636 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20637 | 1981 | | | |B |B |B |B |B | | | | | CO20638 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20639 | 1982 | | | | |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC | | |B | CO20640 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20641 | 1983 | | | | | | | |2 |2 |B |B | | CO20642 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20643 | 1984 |A | | |29AD | | | | | | | | | CO20644 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20645 | 1985 | | |2AC |2AC |AC |67AC |AC | | | | | | CO20646 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20647 | 1986 | | | | | | |9 | | | | |B | CO20648 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20649 | 1987 | | |3678A | | |67A |236789ACD | |36789ACD |5 | | | CO20650 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20651 | 1988 |9 |3589CD |59 | |59 |3589CD |3589CD |389CD |389ACD |389ACD |389ACD |389ACD | CO20652 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20653 | 1989 | | | | |389 |389 | | | | |9 |9 | CO20654 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20655 | 1990 |AC |A | | | | | | | | | | | CO20656 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20657 CO20658 AEPTO. M A T E C A A CO20659 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20660 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20661 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20662 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20663 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20664 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20665 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20666 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20667 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20668 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20669 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20670 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20671 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20672 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20673 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20674 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20675 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20676 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20677 | 1968 |5 | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20678 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20679 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20680 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20681 | 1970 | |38 | | | | | | | | | | | CO20682 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20683 | 1971 | | | | | | | | |358ABCD | | | | CO20684 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20685 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20686 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20687 | 1973 | |BD |BCD | | |AC | | | | | | | CO20688 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20689 | 1974 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20690 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20691 | 1975 | | |38 | | | | | | | | | | CO20692 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20693 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20694 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20695 | 1977 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 | | | |2 |2 |2 |2 | CO20696 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20697 | 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | CO20698 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20699 | 1979 | |A | | |A | | | | | | | | CO20700 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20701 | 1980 | | | | | | | | |389AB |89AB |89AB |3 | CO20702 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20703 | 1981 | | | |38 | | | | |38 |38 | | | CO20704 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20705 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20706 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20707 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | |9 |9 | CO20708 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20709 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20710 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20711 | 1985 | | |2 | | | | | | | | | | CO20712 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20713 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | |AC | CO20714 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20715 | 1987 |AC |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD | CO20716 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20717 | 1988 |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |ACD |AB |2AB |AB |2AB | CO20718 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20719 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20720 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20721 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20722 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20723 CO20724 CO20725 CO20726 CO20727 CO20728 CO20729 CO20730 CO20731 AEPTO. P E R A L E S CO20732 CO20733 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20734 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20735 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20736 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20737 | 1971 | |2 | | | | |C | | | |3678CD |3678 | CO20738 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20739 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | |C |AC | | CO20740 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20741 | 1973 | | | | | | | | | |36789 |3678 |3678 | CO20742 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20743 | 1974 | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | CO20744 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20745 | 1975 | | | | |2 | | | | | | | | CO20746 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20747 | 1976 | |BD |BD | | |3678ABCD |2 | | | | | | CO20748 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20749 | 1977 |3678 | | | | | | | |2 |2 |9 |29 | CO20750 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20751 | 1978 |9 | | | | |38AC | | | | | | | CO20752 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20753 | 1979 |3678 |9 | |3678AC |36789ABCD |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20754 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20755 | 1980 |9 |389 |389 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |389 | CO20756 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20757 | 1981 |9 | | |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20758 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20759 | 1982 |9 |9 |9 |9 | | | | | |2389 |9 | | CO20760 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20761 | 1983 | |9 | |236789 | | | | | | | | | CO20762 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20763 | 1984 | | |3678 | | | | |2 | |3678 |3678 |2 | CO20764 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20765 | 1985 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 |367 | CO20766 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20767 | 1986 |3678 | | | | | | | |23678ABCD | | | | CO20768 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20769 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20770 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20771 | 1988 |38 |38 | |38 | |38ABC | | |ABC |38ABC |38ABC |38ABC | CO20772 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20773 | 1989 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20774 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20775 | 1990 | | | | | | | |5 |9 |9 |9 |9 | CO20776 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20777 CO20778 CO20779 CO20780 CO20781 CO20782 CO20783 CO20784 CO20785 CO20786 CO20787 CO20788 CO20789 CO20790 CO20791 CO20792 CO20793 CO20794 CO20795 APTO. E L D O R A D O CO20796 CO20797 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20798 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20799 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20800 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20801 | 1971 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20802 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20803 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20804 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20805 | 1973 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20806 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20807 | 1974 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20808 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20809 | 1975 |9 | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20810 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20811 | 1976 | | | | | | | |9 | | | | | CO20812 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20813 | 1977 | |9 | | | | | | | | | |9 | CO20814 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20815 | 1978 |9 |2 | | | | | | | | | | | CO20816 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20817 | 1979 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20818 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20819 | 1980 | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | CO20820 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20821 | 1981 | | | | | |2 | | | | | | | CO20822 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20823 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20824 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20825 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20826 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20827 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20828 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20829 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20830 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20831 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20832 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20833 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20834 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20835 | 1988 | | | | | | | |28BCD | | | | | CO20836 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20837 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | |5 |5 |5 | CO20838 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20839 | 1990 | |2 |2 |2 | |2 |2 |2 | |28 |2 | | CO20840 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20841 CO20842 CO20843 CO20844 CO20845 CO20846 CO20847 CO20848 CO20849 CO20850 CO20851 CO20852 CO20853 CO20854 CO20855 CO20856 AEPTO. V A N G U A R D I A CO20857 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20858 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20859 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20860 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20861 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20862 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20863 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20864 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20865 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20866 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20867 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20868 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20869 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | |358ABCD | CO20870 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20871 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20872 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20873 | 1967 |5 |5 |5 | | | | | | | | | | CO20874 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20875 | 1968 | | | | | | |D | | | | | | CO20876 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20877 | 1969 | | | | | | | |5 | | | | | CO20878 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20879 | 1970 | | | | | | | | | | |5 | | CO20880 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20881 | 1971 |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD |BD | |BD |5CD | |BD |ABCD | CO20882 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20883 | 1972 | | |ABCD |D |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABD | | |ABCD | | CO20884 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20885 | 1973 |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD | | | | | | |ABCD | CO20886 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20887 | 1974 | | |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |5ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD | CO20888 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20889 | 1975 | | |ABCD |D | | |D | | | | | | CO20890 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20891 | 1976 |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20892 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20893 | 1977 |2 | |3678ABCD |2 |2 |2 |2 | |2 | |2 |2 | CO20894 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20895 | 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20896 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20897 | 1979 | |ABCD | | | | | | | | |59 | | CO20898 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20899 | 1980 | | | | | |2 | | | | | | | CO20900 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20901 | 1981 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20902 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20903 | 1982 | | | | | | | |36789ABCD |9 | | | | CO20904 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20905 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20906 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20907 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | CO20908 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20909 | 1985 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | |2 |2 | CO20910 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20911 | 1986 | | | |2 | | | | | | | | | CO20912 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20913 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | |38 |38 | | CO20914 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20915 | 1988 | | | | | |2 | | | | | |238 | CO20916 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20917 | 1989 | | | | | |9 | |236789ABCD |9 |238 |238 |238 | CO20918 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20919 | 1990 |38 |38 | | | | | |38 |38 | | | | CO20920 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20921 CO20922 CO20923 CO20924 CO20925 CO20926 CO20927 CO20928 CO20929 CO20930 L A S G A V I O T A S CO20931 CO20932 CO20933 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20934 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20935 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20936 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20937 | 1971 | | | | | |D |D |9BD |9BD | | | | CO20938 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20939 | 1972 | | | | | | | |3678 | | | | | CO20940 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20941 | 1973 |3678 | |39ABCD |2AC |2AC | | | | | | | | CO20942 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20943 | 1974 | | | | | | | | |2356789ABCD | | |2 | CO20944 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20945 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20946 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20947 | 1976 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20948 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20949 | 1977 | | |2 | | | | |2 | | |236789 | | CO20950 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20951 | 1978 |2 |2 | | | | | |2 | | | | | CO20952 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20953 | 1979 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20954 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20955 | 1980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20956 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20957 | 1981 |2 |2 |2 |2 | | | | | | | | | CO20958 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20959 | 1982 |9 | |2 | | |9 | |2 |2 | |2 |2 | CO20960 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20961 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20962 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20963 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | CO20964 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20965 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20966 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20967 | 1986 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | | | CO20968 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20969 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20970 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20971 | 1988 |259 |2 |256789BC | | | | | | | | |3 | CO20972 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20973 | 1989 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | | |2 |2 |2 | CO20974 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20975 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20976 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20977 CO20978 CO20979 CO20980 CO20981 CO20982 CO20983 CO20984 CO20985 CO20986 CO20987 CO20988 AEPTO. B E N I T O S A L A S CO20989 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20990 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO20991 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20992 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20993 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20994 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20995 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20996 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20997 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO20998 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO20999 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21000 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21001 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21002 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21003 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21004 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21005 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21006 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21007 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21008 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21009 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21010 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21011 | 1970 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21012 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21013 | 1971 |9 | | | | | |9 |9 |256789ABCD |9 |BD | | CO21014 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21015 | 1972 |2 |9 |BD | | | | | | |BD | | | CO21016 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21017 | 1973 | | | |9 |679 |9 | |9 | |9 |9 |BD | CO21018 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21019 | 1974 |BD |BD |ABCD |ABCD | | | |AC |AC | |AC |9ABC | CO21020 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21021 | 1975 |AC |9AC | |AC | | | | | | | | | CO21022 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21023 | 1976 | | | |AB | | | | | | | | | CO21024 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21025 | 1977 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21026 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21027 | 1978 |2 |2 | |9 | | | | | |2 |2 | | CO21028 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21029 | 1979 | | | | | | | |AC |AC | | | | CO21030 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21031 | 1980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21032 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21033 | 1981 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21034 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21035 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21036 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21037 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21038 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21039 | 1984 | | | | |2 | | | | | | | | CO21040 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21041 | 1985 | | | | | | |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 | CO21042 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21043 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21044 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21045 | 1987 |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 | | | | | | | | CO21046 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21047 | 1988 |59 | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21048 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21049 | 1989 |D |D |D |267ABCD |236789ABCD |23678ABCD |23678ABCD |23678ABCD |23678ABCD |23678ABCD |23678ABCD |236789ABCD | CO21050 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21051 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21052 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21053 CO21054 AEPTO. A N T O N I O N A R I O CO21055 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21056 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO21057 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21058 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21059 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21060 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21061 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21062 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21063 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21064 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21065 | 1964 | | |5ABCD | | | | | | |CD | | | CO21066 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21067 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21068 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21069 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21070 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21071 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | |BD | | CO21072 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21073 | 1968 |BD |ABCD |ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |A |3678BCD | | |3678 | | | CO21074 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21075 | 1969 |38 | | | | | | | | | |3678ABCD |3678ABCD | CO21076 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21077 | 1970 |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678ABCD |3678 |3678 |3678ABCD |3678 |3678ABCD |3678 |3678 |3678ABCD | CO21078 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21079 | 1971 |1367ABCD |1367ABCD |1367ABCD |13567ABCD |1 |1BD |1BD |1ABCD |1367ABCD |1BD |1367ABCD |1BD | CO21080 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21081 | 1972 |123679ABCD |123679ABCD |123679ABCD |123679ABCD |129 |123679ABCD |129 |123679ABCD |1 |1 |1 |13 | CO21082 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21083 | 1973 | | | | |367ABCD |9D |ABC | | | | |ABCD | CO21084 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21085 | 1974 |ABCD |367ABCD |ABCD | |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD |367ABCD |29ABCD | |ABCD | CO21086 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21087 | 1975 |1367ABCD |1367ABCD |1367ABCD |1D |1367ABCD |1367ABCD |13679 |1 |1367ABCD |1 |1 |1 | CO21088 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21089 | 1976 |1367 |1ABCD |12367 |123679 |123 |12367 |123679 |12367 |1367ABCD |1 |1367 |1 | CO21090 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21091 | 1977 |12356789ABCD|13678ABCD |13678 |136789 |13678 |13678 |123678BD |13678 |13678 |13678 |1236789 |123678 | CO21092 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21093 | 1978 |12356789ABCD|138 |123678ABCD |13678BD |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 |13678 | CO21094 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21095 | 1979 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678 |3678AC |36789ABCD |36789ABCD |23678 |3678 |3678 | CO21096 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21097 | 1980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21098 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21099 | 1981 |38AC |38 |38 |38 | | | | | | | | | CO21100 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21101 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21102 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21103 | 1983 | | | | | | |AC |AC | | | | | CO21104 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21105 | 1984 | | | | | | | | | | |38 |38 | CO21106 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21107 | 1985 | |9AC | |AC |BD | | | | | | |BD | CO21108 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21109 | 1986 |BD | | | | | | | | | | |BD | CO21110 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21111 | 1987 |BD |BD |BD | | | | | | |3678 |AC |9AC | CO21112 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21113 | 1988 |9AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |AC |ACD |AC |AC |AC |AC | | CO21114 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21115 | 1989 | | | | |A | | | | | | | | CO21116 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21117 | 1990 | | |9 | | | | |BD |BD | | | | CO21118 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21119 CO21120 AEPTO. S A N L U I S CO21121 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21122 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO21123 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21124 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21125 | 1961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21126 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21127 | 1962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21128 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21129 | 1963 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21130 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21131 | 1964 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21132 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21133 | 1965 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21134 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21135 | 1966 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21136 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21137 | 1967 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21138 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21139 | 1968 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21140 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21141 | 1969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21142 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21143 | 1970 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21144 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21145 | 1971 |3678 |3678BD |3678BD |3678 |3678BD | | | | | |3678 |3678BD | CO21146 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21147 | 1972 |9 |9 |9 |9 |9D |36789 |9 |9 | | |9 | | CO21148 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21149 | 1973 | | | |2 |3678 |3678BD | |36789BD |BD | | |9 | CO21150 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21151 | 1974 |9 | |3678 | | | | |3678 |3678 | | | | CO21152 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21153 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21154 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21155 | 1976 | | |2 | |2 |2356789BD |23589 |23589 | | | | | CO21156 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21157 | 1977 | | | |2 |2 | | | | | | | | CO21158 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21159 | 1978 | |2 | |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |238 | CO21160 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21161 | 1979 |36789 | | | | | |38 | | | |36789 |36789 | CO21162 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21163 | 1980 |1678 |1678 |1678 |12678 |1678 |1678 |1678 |16789 |1678 |1678 |1678 |1678 | CO21164 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21165 | 1981 | | | | | | | | |2 |29 |9 | | CO21166 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21167 | 1982 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21168 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21169 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21170 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21171 | 1984 | | | | | |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 |38 | CO21172 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21173 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21174 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21175 | 1986 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21176 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21177 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21178 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21179 | 1988 | | | | | |5 | | |B |B |B |B | CO21180 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21181 | 1989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21182 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21183 | 1990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21184 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21185 CO21186 CO21187 CO21188 CO21189 CO21190 CO21191 CO21192 CO21193 AEPTO. V A S Q U E Z C O B O CO21194 CO21195 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21196 | MESES | ENERO | FEBRERO | MARZO | ABRIL | MAYO | JUNIO | JULIO | AGOSTO | SEPTIEMBRE | OCTUBRE | NOVIEMBRE | DICIEMBRE | CO21197 |AOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21198 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21199 | 1971 |3678 |3678 |3678 | | | | | | | | |3678 | CO21200 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21201 | 1972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21202 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21203 | 1973 |ABCD |ABCD |ABCD | |ABCD |ABCD | |ABCD | | | | | CO21204 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21205 | 1974 | | | | | | |ABCD | |ABCD | | | | CO21206 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21207 | 1975 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21208 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21209 | 1976 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2358AB |2 |2358AB |2 |238ABCD |23ABC | |2 | CO21210 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21211 | 1977 | | |2 | |2 | | | | | | | | CO21212 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21213 | 1978 |2 |2BD |BD |BD |BD |2BD |BD | | | | | | CO21214 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21215 | 1979 | | | | | |9 | | | | | | | CO21216 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21217 | 1980 | | | | | | |9 | | | | | | CO21218 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21219 | 1981 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21220 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21221 | 1982 | | | | |2356789BCD | | | | | | | | CO21222 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21223 | 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21224 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21225 | 1984 |678 | | |9 |29 | | | | | | | | CO21226 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21227 | 1985 | | | | | | | | | |9 | | | CO21228 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21229 | 1986 | | | |236789BCD | | | | | | | | | CO21230 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21231 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CO21232 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21233 | 1988 | |59 | | | | | |6789AB |36789AB |36789AB |36789AB |36789AB | CO21234 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21235 | 1989 |2 |2 | | | | | | | | |2 | | CO21236 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21237 | 1990 | |2 | |2 | | | | | |2 |2 |2 | CO21238 +--------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+ CO21239 CO21240 -------------------------- CO21241 C O N V E N C I O N E S CO21242 -------------------------- CO21243 1 TEMPERATURA ( oC ) CO21244 2 DURACION DE LA INSOLACION (HORAS) 8 PUNTO DE ROCIO ( oC ) CO21245 3 TENSION DE VAPOR ( hP ) 9 EVAPORACION TOTAL ( mms ) CO21246 4 TOTALES DE PRECIPITACION ( mms ) A TEMPERATURA MEDIA MAXIMA MENSUAL ( oC ) CO21247 5 No. DIAS CON PRECIPITACION IGUAL O SUPERIOR A 0.1 mm B TEMPERATURA MEDIA MINIMA MENSUAL ( oC ) CO21248 6 HUMEDAD RELATIVA MAXIMA ( % ) C TEMPERATURA MAXIMA ABSOLUTA ( oC ) CO21249 7 HUMEDAD RELATIVA MINIMA ( % ) D TEMPERATURA MINIMA ABSOLUTA ( oC ) CO21250 CO21251 CO21252 CO21253 CO21254 CO21255 CO21256 CO21257 CO21258 CO21259 CO21260 CO21261 CO21262 2-METODOS DE COMPLEMENTACION CO21263 CO21264 CO21265 CO21266 Para cada una de las estaciones , relacionadas en el catalogo , se presentan los meses cuyos valores de temperatura y precipitacin fueron CO21267 estimados mediante el mtodo de regresin lineal o el del promedio multianual de cada serie , permitiendo con esto complementar la informacin. CO21268 En cada estacin se relaciona el mes, ao y mtodo empleado. CO21269 CO21270 CO21271 CO21272 2.1-TEMPERATURA CO21273 CO21274 AEPTO. SESQUICENTENARIO. III VII VIII-76; II III IV VI VIII IX-77.Regresin lineal. CO21275 CO21276 AEPTO. YARIGUIES. XI XII-63; AOS 65,66; VI-70,77; IX 71; III 81; VII 82; XI-83.Regresin lineal. CO21277 VII a XII-88. Promedio multianual. CO21278 CO21279 AEPTO. CAMILO DAZA. I IV V VI VII VII IX X XI XII-71; I II III IV VII X XI XII-72; I II-73.Regresin lineal. CO21280 CO21281 AEPTO. ARAUCA. IV V VI VII VIII IX-61;VII VIII IX X XI-64; VIII IX-67; III 79,85. Promedio multianual. CO21282 CO21283 AEPTO. PTO. CARREO. III IV-72; II-74. Promedio multianual. CO21284 CO21285 AEPTO. EL CARAO. I II III IV-67; XI XII-71; II-78; VII 87. Promedio multianual. CO21286 CO21287 AEPTO. MATECAA. IX X XI XII-88. Promedio multianual. CO21288 CO21289 AEPTO. PERALES. X XI XII-73; VI-76; I IV V-79; IV 83; X XI-84; AO 85; I-86; VI IX X XI XII-88. Regresin lineal. CO21290 CO21291 AEPTO. ELDORADO. AO 71. Regresin lineal. CO21292 CO21293 AEPTO. VANGUARDIA. XII-65; VII-74; III-77; VIII-82,89. Regresin lineal. CO21294 CO21295 LAS GAVIOTAS. III-73; IX-74; III-88. Promedio multianual CO21296 CO21297 AEPTO. ANTONIO NARIO. III-64; IV V VII X-68; I XI XII-69; V-73; II IX 74; X-87. Promedio multianual. CO21298 CO21299 AEPTO. SAN LUIS I II III IV V XI XII-71; VI-72; V VI VIII-73; III VIII IX-74; VI-76; I VII XI XII-79; I II III IV V VI-81; CO21300 IX X XI XII-88. Promedio multianual. CO21301 CO21302 AEPTO. VASQUEZ COBO. I II III-71; Promedio multianual. CO21303 CO21304 CO21305 CO21306 CO21307 CO21308 CO21309 CO21310 CO21311 CO21312 CO21313 CO21314 CO21315 CO21316 CO21317 CO21318 CO21319 CO21320 CO21321 CO21322 CO21323 CO21324 CO21325 2.2- PRECIPITACION CO21326 CO21327 AEPTO. SESQUICENTENARIO. VIII IX-77; I VII- 85. Promedio multianual. CO21328 CO21329 AEPTO. SIMON BOLIVAR. X XI XII-61; AO 62; I II III IV V 65; X-68; VIII IX X XI-71. Regresin lineal. CO21330 I-85. Promedio multianual CO21331 CO21332 AEPTO. RAFAEL NUEZ. IV-61. Promedio multianual. CO21333 CO21334 AEPTO. CORTISSOZ. XII-63. Promedio multianual. CO21335 CO21336 AEPTO. YARIGUIES. AOS 65-66. Regresion lineal CO21337 IX-71. Promedio multianual. CO21338 CO21339 AEPTO. PALONEGRO. I II III IV V VI VII-74; V VI-80. Promedio multianual. CO21340 CO21341 AEPTO. CAMILO DAZA IX-71. Promedio multianual. CO21342 CO21343 AEPTO. ARAUCA. IV V-61; A0 62; VII VIII IX X XI -64; IX X XI XII-65. Promedio multianual. CO21344 CO21345 AEPTO. PTO. CARREO. I-80,88; XI-82,89; XII-82,90; III-88; IV-82; V-80,88. Promedio multianual. CO21346 CO21347 AEPTO. EL CARRAO. IV-84; II III V VI VII-88. Promedio multianual. CO21348 CO21349 AEPTO. MATECAA. I-68; IX-71. Promedio multianual. CO21350 CO21351 AEPTO. PERALES. XII-84; IX-86.Promedio multianual. CO21352 CO21353 AEPTO. ELDORADO. AO 71. Regresin lineal CO21354 CO21355 AEPTO. VANGUARDIA. AO 63; I II III-67; XII-65; VIII-69; XI-70; IX-71. Promedio multianual. CO21356 CO21357 AEPTO. ALFONSO BONILLA. I II III IV V VI-72. Promedio multianual. CO21358 CO21359 AEPTO. BENITO SALAS IX XII-67. Promedio multianual. CO21360 CO21361 CO21362 3-PRUEBAS DE HOMOGENEIDAD CO21363 CO21364 CO21365 3.1- TEMPERATURA MEDIA CO21366 CO21367 Como criterio para analizar la homogeneidad de las series mensuales de temperatura, se utiliz la prueba de rachas. La regla de decisin se CO21368 se determin a los niveles de significacin del 5% Y 10%. CO21369 Como mtodo de correccin para las series mensuales no homogneas, se utiliz el ajuste a la mediana de manera que el nmero de rachas quedase CO21370 includo en los niveles de aceptacin que determinan los niveles de significacin del 5% y 10%. CO21371 CO21372 CO21373 CO21374 3.2- PRECIPITACION CO21375 CO21376 Como criterio para analizar la homogeneidad de las series mensuales de precipitacin se utiliz la prueba de rachas, al nivel de significacin CO21377 del 10%. CO21378 Como mtodo de correccin para las series mensuales no homogneas, se utiliz el ajuste a la mediana de manera que el nmero de rachas quedase CO21379 includo en los niveles que determina los niveles de significacin del 10%. CO21380 CU10001 CU10002 CU10003 Republica de Cuba CU10004 Representante Permanente Ante La Organizacion CU10005 Meteorologica Mundial CU10006 CU10007 City of Havana, 20 August 1991 CU10008 CU10009 Sr. G.O.P. Obasi CU10010 Secretary General CU10011 World Meteorological Organization CU10012 CU10013 Esteemed Sir: CU10014 CU10015 Per the agreement of the 10th Meeting of the Commission of CU10016 Climatology (Lisbon, 1989), I have the pleasure of sending you CU10017 the information corresponding to the climatological normals for CU10018 the period 1961-1990 for the station Casablanca (78325). CU10019 CU10020 Sincerely yours, CU10021 CU10022 Fabio Fajardo Moros CU10023 CU10024 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CU10025 CU10026 Name of Country: Cuba CU10027 Name of Station: Casablanca CU10028 WMO Region: IV CU10029 Latitude: 23o10' N CU10030 Longitude: 82o21' W CU10031 Elevation: 50.08 m CU10032 WMO Block Index No.: 78325 CU10033 Indicators of Accuracy & Quality: CU10034 - Frequency: 24 observations per day CU10035 - Method for computing the quintiles: CU10036 based on the data CU10037 - Provisional Normal: CU10038 no CU10039 Completeness of the Data: CU10040 - Standard Normal with no missing values CU10041 CU10042 CY10001 CY10002 CY10003 Republic of Cyprus CY10004 CY10005 Subject: Preparation, for publication by WMO, of CY10006 climatological standard normals from CY10007 selected stations for the period 1961-1990 CY10008 CY10009 Atmospheric pressure based on four observations per day: (00h+06h+12h+20h)/4 CY10010 Mean air temperature is the mean of the two daily extreme values: CY10011 ((Max. + Min.) 2) CY10012 Max air temperature, min air temperature, and duration of sunshine are the CY10013 mean daily values. CY10014 Vapour pressure and wind speed are the mean of 24 hourly observations per day. CY10015 CY10016 DL10001 DL10002 DL10003 1961-1990 Normals for Germany DL10004 DL10005 DEUTSCHER WETTERDIENST DL10006 DL10007 Climatological normals (CLINO) for CLIMAT stations for the period DL10008 1961-1990 WMO letter of 29 October 1992, No M/CLC. DL10009 DL10010 Dear Madam, Sir, DL10011 DL10012 With reference to the above-mentioned letter, I am sending you DL10013 the climatological standard normals (surface data) of the DL10014 following parameters DL10015 DL10016 - average daily mean air temperature (1/10C) DL10017 - average sunshine total (1/10 hour) DL10018 - average precipitation totals (mm) DL10019 (Encl. 3 to 5, floppy disk 1) DL10020 DL10021 for the 17 newly determined CLIMAT stations of the Deutscher DL10022 Wetterdienst for the global exchange, and the stations. DL10023 DL10024 10 381 Berlin-Dahlem DL10025 10 393 Lindenberg DL10026 DL10027 (Encl. 1). General information on this has been put together in DL10028 enclosure 2. DL10029 DL10030 Of those climatological elements for which monthly values can be DL10031 calculated, we are sending you for DL10032 DL10033 10 147 Hamburg DL10034 DL10035 G global solar radiation DL10036 D diffuse solar radiation DL10037 R reflected solar radiation DL10038 A atmostpheric radiation DL10039 E terrestrial surface radiation DL10040 DL10041 10 962 Hohenpeissenberg DL10042 DL10043 G global solar radiation DL10044 D diffuse solar radiation DL10045 (Encls. 6 and 7, floppy disk 2). DL10046 DL10047 Please note that the data for Hamburg have been compounded as DL10048 follows: DL10049 DL10050 1961 - 1979 10 147 Hamburg-Fuhlsbuttel DL10051 5338'N; 1000N; 14 m above NN DL10052 DL10053 1979 - 1990 10 141 Hamburg-Sasel DL10054 5338'N; 1007'N; 49 m above NN DL10055 DL10056 Sincerly yours, DL10057 DL10058 Julich DL10059 for Dr. T. Mohr DL10060 DL10061 CC: WMO, Geneva DL10062 DL10063 Annex 1 DL10064 DL10065 Climatological Standard Normals (CLINO) 1961 - 1990 DL10066 DL10067 Stationsliste DL10068 DL10069 _________________________________________________________________ DL10070 DL10071 10 035 Schleswig DL10072 10 147 Hamburg-Fuhlsbuttel DL10073 10 170 Rostock-Warnemunde DL10074 10 338 Hannover DL10075 10 379 Potsdam DL10076 10 381 Berlin-Dahlem DL10077 10 393 Lindenberg DL10078 10 410 Essen DL10079 10 438 Kassel DL10080 10 499 Gorlitz DL10081 10 578 Fichtelberg DL10082 10 609 Trier-Petrisberg DL10083 10 628 Geisenheim DL10084 10 727 Karlsruhe DL10085 10 763 Nurnberg DL10086 10 870 Munchen, Flughafen DL10087 10 929 Konstanz DL10088 10 961 Zugspitze DL10089 10 962 HohenpeiBenberg DL10090 DL10091 Annex 2 DL10092 DL10093 General Information DL10094 DL10095 1. The diurnal mean air temperature for the stations DL10096 DL10097 10035 10147 10338 10381 10410 DL10098 DL10099 10438 10609 10628 10727 10763 DL10100 DL10101 10870 10929 10961 10962 DL10102 DL10103 was calculated using the formula DL10104 DL10105 T07 + T14 + 2 (T21) DL10106 TM = ___________________ DL10107 4 DL10108 DL10109 For the Stations DL10110 DL10111 10170 10379 10393 10499 10578 DL10112 DL10113 the diurnal mean was calculated from 1961 - 1966 using the DL10114 formula above and from 1967 - 1990 using the formula DL10115 DL10116 DL10117 T01 + T04 + T07 + T10 + T13 + T16 + T19 + T22 DL10118 TM = ______________________________________________ DL10119 8 DL10120 DL10121 2. The calculation of the climatological normals for the air DL10122 temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation totals is based DL10123 on complete data sets. DL10124 DL10125 3. The data have been checked for their homegeneity. DL10126 DL10127 Reductions with part sets were calculated for inhomogeneous sets DL10128 (see additional information R = part-period, encls. 3 to 5). DL10129 DL10130 4. At the beginning of the period all data acquired were given a DL10131 formal check. This was followed by a subjective, partial DL10132 technical test and correction by specialists. Since the mid- DL10133 seventies all data are checked operationally with the aid of DP. DL10134 The check covers internal and temporal consistency as well as DL10135 additional areal consistency for precipitation and sunshine DL10136 duration. Corrections are decided by specialists. The methods DL10137 used for acquiring data and for quality control differed in part DL10138 in West and East Germany up to 1991. DL10139 DL10140 DN10001 DN10002 DN10003 This is part of the letter from Denmark which was sent with the DN10004 1961-90 WMO global normals: DN10005 DN10006 DanMarks Meteorologiske Institut DN10007 DN10008 Climatological standard normals 1961-90 (30-year averages of DN10009 monthly means or totals) or averages for smaller reference DN10010 periods are calculated for the following elements: DN10011 DN10012 atmospheric pressure (reduced to mean sea level) DN10013 air temperature DN10014 maximum air temperature DN10015 minimum air temperature DN10016 duration of sunshine DN10017 relative humidity DN10018 amount of precipitation DN10019 number of days with precipitation greater than or equal to 1 mm DN10020 wind speed DN10021 DN10022 and for 27 stations from Greenland, 1 from The Faroe Islands and DN10023 61 from Denmark. DN10024 DN10025 All stations used for the calculations have been quality DN10026 controlled using information from neighboring stations. An DN10027 exception is stations from The Faroes and Greenland, where the DN10028 quality control, due to the fact that no representative DN10029 neighboring stations could be found, mainly is based on a visual DN10030 graphic control. DN10031 DN10032 Please notice that duration of sunshine is measured at sunshine DN10033 stations, not placed together with the synoptical stations. For DN10034 that reason they have a local station code number. The same DN10035 accounts for precipitation in Denmark. DN10036 DN10037 Especially for sunshine, you should be aware of the periods used DN10038 for calculating the averages. In Denmark the period is 1971-90 DN10039 except for two stations. It is due to the fact that nearly all DN10040 sunshine stations in Denmark change the observing instrument DN10041 between 1965 and 1970. Severe inhomogeneities were the result, DN10042 and a proper way to correct is not implemented yet. For sunshine DN10043 stations in Greenland the period is 1980-90, due to the fact that DN10044 this is the period digitized. You should also notice that DN10045 sunshine is missing for some months in Greenland. It is simply DN10046 due to the fact that the sun not rises over the horizon in these DN10047 months. DN10048 DN10049 Finally please notice that you are receiving relative humidity DN10050 instead of vapour pressure. DN10051 DN10052 Yours sincerely, DN10053 DN10054 John Cappelen DN10055 DN10056 Master of Science, climatologist DN10057 DN10058 DR10001 DR10002 DR10003 Dominican Republic, 1961-1990 normals, notes: DR10004 DR10005 National Meteorological Office, Climatology Division - Computation Section DR10006 DR10007 The greatest precipitation amount in 24 hours was measured from 0800 to DR10008 0800 LST. DR10009 DR10010 The normal mean temperature was computed using the formula: (Tmax + Tmin) / 2 DR10011 DR10012 EJ10001 EJ10002 EJ10003 FIJI METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE EJ10004 EJ10005 Dear Sir: EJ10006 1961-1990 'NORMALS' EJ10007 EJ10008 Attached find copies of various elements from two stations EJ10009 as contributions from Fiji to the CLINO publication. EJ10010 EJ10011 1. We do not appear to have a copy of the publication WMO Pubn EJ10012 No. 117 in our small library and hence do not know what Fiji EJ10013 stations, if any, were included in the 1931-60 'normals'. EJ10014 EJ10015 2. All the means supplied were calculated from hand-written EJ10016 monthly summaries which were checked from field-book and EJ10017 transcribed summary sheet at the time of entry. No other EJ10018 quality control checks have been made. EJ10019 EJ10020 3. Atmospheric pressure is entered in our written summaries as EJ10021 0900 means only which, because of diurnal fluctuation, is EJ10022 inappropriate for 'normals'. EJ10023 EJ10024 4. Number of days with rain in the local records is a EJ10025 combination of >0.01" i.e. >0.25 mm (up to 1970) and >0.1 mm EJ10026 (1971 on). I know that this is ridiculous for the tropics EJ10027 with 500+mm possible in 1 day but this is only likely to be EJ10028 changed when an electronic archive of some daily data is EJ10029 produced- still a distant prospect! EJ10030 EJ10031 5. Synoptic 3 hourly windspeeds are not collated or summarized EJ10032 in climate records. EJ10033 EJ10034 Yours faithfully EJ10035 EJ10036 (K.J.A. Revfeim) EJ10037 Principal Scientific Officer (Climatology) EJ10038 for Acting Director Meteorology EJ10039 EJ10040 EJ10041 FI10001 FI10002 FI10003 Finnish Meteorological Institute FI10004 30 December 1992 FI10005 No. 242/300/92 FI10006 FI10007 Ref: WMO letter (M/CLC, 29 Oct 1992) concerning the preparation of FI10008 1961-1990 normals (CLINO) FI10009 FI10010 Dear Sirs, FI10011 FI10012 Enclosed please find a discette containing the 1961-1990 normals of FI10013 the Finnish CLIMAT stations. Some explanatory notes are also FI10014 attached. In the case of any problems in the data handling, please FI10015 take a straight contact to our Climatology Division (attn: Raino FI10016 Heino). FI10017 FI10018 Yours faithfully FI10019 FI10020 Erikki Jatila FI10021 Permanent Representative of WMO FI10022 FI10023 cc: WMO Secretariat (only the letter) FI10024 FI10025 encl. 1 diskette FI10026 FI10027 ANNEX FI10028 FI10029 LIST OF THE CLIMATOLOGICAL ELEMENTS OF THE DISCETTE (LOTUS-files) FI10030 FI10031 - atmospheric pressure (from 8 observations/day) FI10032 - air temperature (4 obs/day) FI10033 - maximum air temperature FI10034 - minimum air temperature FI10035 - duration of sunshine FI10036 - vapour pressure (8 obs/day) FI10037 - amount of precipitation FI10038 - number of days with precipitation amount >= 1.0 mm FI10039 - wind speed (4 obs/day) FI10040 - prevailing wind direction (8 obs/day) FI10041 - days with specified phenomenon (thunder, hail, fog) FI10042 - cloud amount (3 obs/day) FI10043 - absolute maximum air temperature FI10044 - absolute minimum air temperature FI10045 - frequency groups of precipitation (WMO-117) FI10046 - frequency distribution of wind direction (8 obs/day) FI10047 (this is a DOS-EDIT-file!) FI10048 FI10049 The observations have gone through the normal quality control FI10050 procedures. FI10051 FI10052 GR10001 GR10002 GR10003 1961-1990 Normals for Greece GR10004 GR10005 MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - GENERAL AIR STAFF GR10006 HELLENIC NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE GR10007 GR10008 21st December, 1992 GR10009 GR10010 Ref. No D. 1309 GR10011 GR10012 Dear Sir, GR10013 Reference to the letter No M/CLC/29.10.92 of WMO Secreteriat, we send GR10014 you the normals for the period 1961-1990 of the elements / parameters listed GR10015 below : GR10016 GR10017 Element / parameter Unit Resolution GR10018 GR10019 1. Air temperature (mean monthly and oC 0.1 GR10020 mean yearly) (6+12+18+18z)/4 GR10021 2. Mean monthly maximum temperature oC 0.1 GR10022 3. Mean monthly minimum temperature oC 0.1 GR10023 4. Mean monthly and yearly atmospheric hpa 0.1 GR10024 pressure (reduced to mean sea level) GR10025 5. Mean total monthly and yearly amount mm 1 GR10026 of precipitation GR10027 6. Mean monthly number of days with count 1 GR10028 precipitation greater than or GR10029 equal to 1 mm GR10030 7. Mean monthly and yearly vapour pressure hpa 0.1 GR10031 (6+12+18z)/3 GR10032 8. Mean monthly and yearly relative humidity % 1 GR10033 (6+12+18z)/3 GR10034 9. Mean monthly and yearly dew point oC 0.1 GR10035 (6+12+18z)/3 GR10036 10. Mean total monthly and yearly cloud amt. octa 0.1 GR10037 11. Mean monthly number of days with rain, count 1 GR10038 thunderstorm, hail, gail ... GR10039 12. Mean monthly duration of sunshine hour 0.1 GR10040 13. Mean monthly wind speed m/sec 0.1 GR10041 14. Monthly absolute maximum and minimum oC 0.1 GR10042 temperature GR10043 15. Frequency groups of precipitation GR10044 (Quintiles) GR10045 GR10046 The elements are derived from : GR10047 a. Meteorological stations whose climatological data (CLIMAT) are GR10048 distributed on the Global Telecommunications System (G.T.S.) in accordance GR10049 with the provisions of Annex II (Manual on codes, Volume 1). GR10050 GR10051 GR10052 Station name index# lat long altitude GR10053 GR10054 Thessaloniki (Macedonia) 16622 40o31' 22o58' 4.8m GR10055 Kerkyra 16641 39o27' 19o55' 4.0m GR10056 Larissa 16648 39o39' 32o27' 73.6m GR10057 Athens (National Observatory) 16714 37o58' 23o43' 107.0m GR10058 Athens (Elliniko) 16716 37o54' 23o45' 15.0m GR10059 Zakynthos 16719 37o47' 20o54' 7.9m GR10060 Kalamata 16726 37o04' 22o00' 11.1m GR10061 Souda 16746 35o33' 24o26' 35.0m GR10062 Hiraklion 16754 35o20' 25o11' 39.3m GR10063 GR10064 b. Other Meteorological Stations of Greek network : GR10065 GR10066 Alexandroupolis 16627 40o51' 25o56' 3.5m GR10067 Ioannina 16642 39o42' 20o49' 484.0m GR10068 Limnos 16650 39o45' 25o04' 3.2m GR10069 Mytilini 16667 39o04' 26o36' 4.8m GR10070 Skyros 16684 38o54' 24o33' 17.9m GR10071 Patra 16689 38o15' 21o44' 1.0m GR10072 Tripolis 16710 37o32' 22o24' 651.9m GR10073 Samos 16723 37o42' 26o55' 7.3m GR10074 Naxos 16732 37o06' 25o23' 9.8m GR10075 Methoni 16734 36o50' 21o42' 52.4m GR10076 Milos 16738 36o44' 24o26' 165.4m GR10077 Kythira 16743 36o08' 23o01' 166.8m GR10078 Rodos 16749 36o24' 28o07' 11.5m GR10079 GR10080 Note : GR10081 (1) The normals of all Meteorological Stations are standard except the GR10082 normals of the stations Limnos and Samos which are provisional because they GR10083 have not been in operation for 30 years. GR10084 GR10085 (2) The atmospheric pressure of station of National Observatory of GR10086 Athens has not reduced to mean sea level. GR10087 GR10088 Yours sincerely, GR10089 GR10090 D. Arsenis GR10091 Major General GR10092 Director of H N M S GR10093 GR10094 GR10095 HK10001 HK10002 ROYAL OBSERVATORY HK10003 HONG KONG HK10004 HK10005 Climatological Data for Hong Kong HK10006 HK10007 Manual quality control procedures have been applied to the HK10008 data for both stations before preparing the normals and extremes. HK10009 Please also note that while the figures for the Royal Observatory HK10010 are based on 24 hourly observations, those for King's Park are HK10011 computed from two observations per day at 08 and 20 hours local HK10012 time. HK10013 HK10014 HK10015 ELEMENT MEANING HK10016 HK10017 Air temperature The 30-year average monthly mean HK10018 temperature, e.g. 15.8 for the Royal HK10019 Observatory for January is the mean of 30 HK10020 years x 31 days x 24 hourly temperature HK10021 readings. HK10022 HK10023 Average monthly The 30-year average monthly maximum HK10024 maximum temperature temperature, e.g. 23.6 is the average of HK10025 the 30 years' monthly maximum temperature HK10026 in January. HK10027 HK10028 Average Monthly The 30-year average monthly minimum HK10029 minimum temperature temperature, e.g. 8.4 is the average of HK10030 the 30 years' monthly minimum temperatures HK10031 in January. HK10032 HK10033 Absolute maximum The greatest daily maximum temperature HK10034 temperature value observed during the 30-year period, HK10035 e.g. 26.8 is the highest daily maximum HK10036 temperatures observed in January during HK10037 the 30 years. HK10038 HK10039 Absolute minimum The lowest daily minimum temperature value HK10040 temperature observed during the 30-year period, e.g. HK10041 4.6 is the lowest daily minimum HK10042 temperature observed in January during the HK10043 30 years. HK10044 HK10045 Maximum air The 30-year average monthly mean daily HK10046 temperature maximum temperature, e.g. 18.6 for January HK10047 is the mean of 30 years x 31 daily maximum HK10048 temperatures. HK10049 HK10050 Minimum air The 30-year average monthly mean daily HK10051 temperature minimum temperature, e.g. 13.6 for January HK10052 is the mean of 30 years x 31 daily minimum HK10053 temperatures. HK10054 HK10055 HK10056 Yours sincerely, HK10057 HK10058 (S.T. Lai) HK10059 for director of the HK10060 Royal Observatory HK10061 HK10062 KBL/SKW/STL HK10063 HK10064 HU10001 HU10002 HU10003 1961-1990 NORMALS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY HU10004 HU10005 For global radiation at Budapest-Lorinc (12843), in the period from 1971 to HU10006 1990, the data series is complete and homogeneous. For the purpose of HU10007 measurements Kipp and Zonen Solarimeter was used. HU10008 HU10009 Pan evaporation from November to March was calculated. HU10010 HU10011 IS10001 IS10002 IS10003 STATE OF ISRAEL IS10004 Ministry of Transport IS10005 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IS10006 IS10007 28 February 1993 IS10008 IS10009 Dear Sir, IS10010 IS10011 We acknowledge with thanks receipt of Prof. Obasi's letter No M/CLC IS10012 of October 29 1992. IS10013 IS10014 We regret the delay of our answer. IS10015 IS10016 Enclosed please find the climatological standard normals from 3 IS10017 stations in Israel: IS10018 Jerusalem Airport (No. of days with precipitation amount >= 1.0 mm IS10019 and frequency groups of precipitation were taken from Jerusalem IS10020 Central), Bet Dagan and Eilat. IS10021 IS10022 The periods for the computation of the averages are indicated, IS10023 separately for each parameter, in the tables. IS10024 IS10025 All the daily values are based on 8 observations per day, at IS10026 3-hourly intervals. IS10027 IS10028 The daily temperature is computed as mean of the daily maximum and IS10029 the daily minimum temperatures. IS10030 IS10031 All the observations are quality-controlled, but no homogeneous IS10032 checks were performed. IS10033 IS10034 Yours Sincerely IS10035 IS10036 Z. Alperson IS10037 Permanent Representative IS10038 of Israel with W.M.O IS10039 IS10040 IS10041 IY10001 IY10002 LIST OF STATIONS FOR ITALY IY10003 IY10004 STATION LAT N LON E PERIOD IY10005 WMO # & NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM 61-90) IY10006 IY10007 16122 ALBENGA 44 03 08 07 IY10008 16520 ALGHERO 40 38 08 17 IY10009 16172 AREZZO 43 28 11 51 IY10010 16270 BARI PALESE MACCHIE 41 08 16 47 IY10011 16076 BERGAMO ORIO AL SERIO 45 40 09 42 IY10012 16140 BOLOGNA BORGO PANIGALE 44 32 11 18 IY10013 16020 BOLZANO 46 28 11 20 IY10014 16337 BONIFATI 39 35 15 53 IY10015 16088 BRESCIA GHEDI 45 25 10 17 IY10016 16320 BRINDISI 40 39 17 57 IY10017 16560 CAGLIARI ELMAS 39 15 09 03 IY10018 16228 CAMPO IMPERATORE 42 27 13 33 61-81 IY10019 16252 CAMPOBASSO 41 34 14 39 IY10020 16550 CAPO BELLAVISTA 39 56 09 43 IY10021 16564 CAPO CARBONARA 39 06 09 31 IY10022 16539 CAPO FRASCA 39 45 08 28 62-90 IY10023 16153 CAPO MELE 43 57 08 10 64-90 IY10024 16310 CAPO PALINURO 40 01 15 17 IY10025 16460 CANTANIA FONTANAROSSA 37 28 15 03 IY10026 16459 CANTANIA SIGONELLA 37 24 14 55 IY10027 16148 CERVIA 44 13 12 18 68-90 IY10028 16214 CIVITAVECCHIA 42 02 11 50 65-90 IY10029 16480 COZZO SPADARO 36 41 15 08 IY10030 16350 CROTONE 39 00 17 04 IY10031 16546 DECIMOMANNU 39 21 08 58 IY10032 16033 DOBBIACO 46 44 12 13 IY10033 16197 ELBA 42 44 10 24 IY10034 16191 FALCONARA 43 37 13 22 64-90 IY10035 16170 FIRENZE PERETOLA 43 48 11 12 IY10036 16261 FOGGIA AMENDOLA 41 32 15 43 IY10037 16538 FONNI 40 07 09 15 IY10038 16179 FRONTONE 43 31 12 44 IY10039 16244 FROSINONE 41 38 13 18 IY10040 16453 GELA 37 05 14 13 65-90 IY10041 16120 GENOVA SESTRI 44 25 08 51 62-90 IY10042 16312 GIOIA DEL COLLE 40 46 16 56 IY10043 16253 GRAZZANISE 41 03 14 04 64-90 IY10044 16206 GROSSETO 42 45 11 04 IY10045 16324 GROTTAGLIE 40 31 17 24 IY10046 16506 GUARDIAVECCHIA 41 13 09 24 IY10047 16234 GUIDONIA 42 00 12 44 IY10048 16490 LAMPEDUSA 35 30 12 36 IY10049 16243 LATINA 41 33 12 54 IY10050 16316 LATRONICO 40 05 16 01 IY10051 16332 LECCE 40 14 18 09 IY10052 16325 MARINA DI GINOSA 40 26 16 53 66-90 IY10053 16146 MARINA DI RAVENNA 44 28 12 17 IY10054 16420 MESSINA 38 12 15 33 IY10055 16080 MILANO LINATE 45 26 09 17 IY10056 16066 MILANO MALPENSA 45 37 08 44 IY10057 16168 MONTE ARGENTARIO 42 23 11 10 64-90 IY10058 16072 MONTE BISBINO 45 52 09 04 IY10059 16134 MONTE CIMONE 44 12 10 42 IY10060 16344 MONTE SCURO 39 20 16 24 IY10061 16258 MONTE S.ANGELO 41 42 15 57 IY10062 16219 MONTE TERMINILLO 42 28 12 59 IY10063 16289 NAPOLI CAPODICHINO 40 51 14 18 IY10064 16064 NOVARA CAMERI 45 31 08 40 64-90 IY10065 16531 OLBIA COSTA SMERALDA 40 54 09 31 70-90 IY10066 16095 PADOVA 45 24 11 51 IY10067 16022 PAGANELLA 46 09 11 02 IY10068 16405 PALERMO PUNTA RAISI 38 11 13 06 IY10069 16470 PANTELLERIA 36 49 11 58 IY10070 16124 PASSO DELLA CISA 44 28 09 56 IY10071 16008 PASSO RESIA 46 50 10 31 IY10072 16021 PASSO ROLLE 46 18 11 47 IY10073 16541 PERDASDEFOGU 39 40 09 26 IY10074 16181 PERUGIA 43 05 12 30 68-90 IY10075 16230 PESCARA 42 26 14 12 IY10076 16084 PIACENZA 44 55 09 44 IY10077 16052 PIAN ROSA 45 56 07 42 IY10078 16158 PISA S.GIUSTO 43 40 10 23 IY10079 16280 PONZA 40 55 12 57 IY10080 16300 POTENZA 40 38 15 48 IY10081 16245 PRATICA DI MARE 41 39 12 26 62-90 IY10082 16434 PRIZZI 37 43 13 26 IY10083 16204 RADICOFANI 42 54 11 46 65-90 IY10084 16149 RIMINI 44 02 12 37 IY10085 16239 ROMA CIAMPINO 41 48 12 35 IY10086 16242 ROMA FIUMICINO 41 48 12 14 IY10087 16235 ROMA URBE 41 57 12 30 IY10088 16108 RONCHI DEI LEGIONARI 45 49 13 29 67-90 IY10089 16125 SARZANA LUNI 44 05 09 59 70-90 IY10090 16360 S.MARIA DI LEUCA 39 49 18 21 IY10091 16040 TARVISIO 46 30 13 35 IY10092 16232 TERMOLI 42 00 15 00 IY10093 16061 TORINO B. DELLA CROCE 45 02 07 44 IY10094 16059 TORINO CASELLE 45 13 07 39 IY10095 16429 TRAPANI BIRGI 37 55 12 30 IY10096 16263 TREVICO 41 03 15 14 IY10097 16098 TREVISO ISTRANA 45 41 12 06 IY10098 16099 TREVISO S.ANGELO 45 39 12 11 IY10099 16110 TRIESTE 45 39 13 45 IY10100 16045 UDINE RIVOLTO 45 59 13 02 69-90 IY10101 16400 USTICA 38 42 13 11 IY10102 16105 VENEZIA TESSERA 45 30 12 20 IY10103 16090 VERONA VILLAFRANCA 45 23 10 52 IY10104 16094 VICENZA 45 34 11 31 IY10105 16224 VIGNA DI VALLE 42 05 12 13 IY10106 16216 VITERBO 42 26 12 05 IY10107 16164 VOLTERRA 43 24 10 52 65-90 IY10108 IY10109 JP10001 JP10002 JP10003 The following description of the data analysis and computational procedures JP10004 for the Japanese normals is from the narrative sections of the publication: JP10005 JP10006 CLIMATIC TABLE OF JAPAN JP10007 JP10008 VOLUME 1 JP10009 JP10010 MONTHLY NORMALS JP10011 JP10012 1961-1990 JP10013 JP10014 EXTREMES JP10015 UP TO 1990 JP10016 JP10017 JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY, TOKYO JP10018 JP10019 MARCH 1991 JP10020 EXPLANATORY NOTES JP10021 JP10022 Monthly normals (Part 1) and the extremes (Part 2) are listed of JP10023 meteorological parameters at domestic stations (158 sites) and Syowa JP10024 station in the Antarctic region. JP10025 JP10026 PART 1 MONTHLY NORMALS JP10027 JP10028 This part includes monthly normals, the standard deviations of JP10029 meteorological parameters as the indices of the scattering around the mean JP10030 values, ranking indices, data on seasonal phenomena and phenological JP10031 observation for the 30-year period, 19161-1990. In the case of having JP10032 shorter observation history than the 30-year period or missing of JP10033 observation, the following statistical method is adopted. JP10034 JP10035 When the data period is less than 30 years but 24 years or more, the JP10036 averages are listed as normals. The data with periods of 8 to 23 years are JP10037 listed as quasi-normals indicated by an asterisk (*) placed after the "N" JP10038 column while the data with periods of five to seven years are listed as JP10039 annual means indicated by a sharp (#) placed after the "N" column. For the JP10040 stations moved five years or more ago, in both cases of having JP10041 discontinuity and being in evaluation of the continuity of data quality JP10042 during the periods before and after the site movement, the data after the JP10043 movement along have been used for processing. The data before the movement JP10044 alone have been used for the stations moved in recent five years or less. JP10045 The latter stations are indicated by @ plced after the "N" column and the JP10046 data should be dealt with care when comparing with data each other. JP10047 JP10048 In Table 1 the duration of observations missing are listed by stations JP10049 and by parameters. Table 2 shows the stations which have observations JP10050 missing during the period of 30 consecutive years because of the site JP10051 movement. A blank in the value column indicates that the value is not JP10052 available. JP10053 JP10054 Computational Procedures JP10055 Normals JP10056 The normals are obtained by averaging monthly (annual) values (mean, JP10057 sum, maximum, etc.). Computation procedures are shown in the table on JP10058 pages (8) and (9). When the number of observations missing is larger than JP10059 the critical number of in a particular month, the monthly and annual normal JP10060 values are computed excluding that year. Therefore, the mean (or the JP10061 total) of the monthly normals may not be equal to the mean values of the JP10062 annual means of individual years. It should be noted that the number of JP10063 days in February is larger than 28 days in the case of leap year. JP10064 JP10065 Standard Deviation JP10066 Standard deviation of a meteorological parameter is computed by the JP10067 following formula for the stations which have data periods longer than JP10068 eight years. JP10069 JP10070 where JP10071 JP10072 : standard deviation, N: the number of samples, JP10073 Xi: the value of the i-th sample, x: the arithmetic mean. JP10074 JP10075 Ranking Index JP10076 The ranking index is computed for the stations which have data perids JP10077 longer than 24 years. Thirty mean values of a meteorological parameter are JP10078 classified by magnitude into five ranked cells : the lowest-value cell JP10079 ranged in 10% from the lowest (i.e., three values including the lower JP10080 extreme) of the thirty values, the second lowest-value cell in 20% (six JP10081 values), the third cell in 40% (twelve values), the fourth cell in 20% (six JP10082 values), and the fifth or the highest-value cell in 10% (three values JP10083 including the higher extreme). The boundary value between any two adjacent JP10084 cells is obtained by taking the average of the two adjacent values in the JP10085 lower and the higher cells. In the case where the data period is less than JP10086 30 years, the weighted average is adopted according to the number of data. JP10087 JP10088 Ranking Very Low Medium High Very JP10089 Index low high JP10090 JP10091 Boundary JP10092 Value A B C D E F JP10093 JP10094 Range A or JP10095 greater greater greater greater greater JP10096 of than A than B than C than D than E JP10097 and B or and C or and D or and E or and F or JP10098 Ranking less less less less less JP10099 than B than C than D than E than F JP10100 JP10101 Note: A is the minimum value and F is the maximum one. JP10102 JP10103 Odd Pages JP10104 Atmospheric pressure JP10105 Indication is in millibars (or in hectopascals). The sea level JP10106 pressure data of the station at 800 m above mean seal level or higher are JP10107 omitted. when the barometer elevation was changed by 1.5m or more in the JP10108 data period, the atmospheric pressure at the station before the change was JP10109 corrected to the value at the elevation as of 31 December 1990 (See Table JP10110 3). If the movement of observation site resulted in interruption of JP10111 statistical continuity of temperature data, the continuity of atmospheric JP10112 station pressure data was also interrupted. JP10113 JP10114 Temperature JP10115 Indication is in degrees Celsius. Liquid-in-glass thermometers have JP10116 been replaced by platinum-resistance thermometers over the years starting JP10117 from 1 January 1971, however, since no significant differences have been JP10118 recognized between the measurements by the two types of instruments, the JP10119 data obtained from the two types of instruments, the data obtained from the JP10120 two types of instruments have been processed as homogeneous. JP10121 JP10122 Indication is the numbers of days by ranking index, for the entire JP10123 period, with: daily mean temperature below 0 deg C, and 25 deg C or above; JP10124 daily maximum temperature below 0 deg C, 25 deg C or above, and 30 deg C or JP10125 above; daily minimum temperature below 0 deg C, and 25 deg C or above. In JP10126 the cases of Fujisan and Syowa, the data are classified by another ranking JP10127 index. JP10128 JP10129 Relative Humidity JP10130 Indication is in percent. Ventilated dry-bulb and wet-bulb JP10131 thermometers have been replaced by platinum-resistance termometers and JP10132 litiium chloride dew-point thermometers over the years from 1 January 1971. JP10133 Since significant differences in measurement arising from this changeover JP10134 have been recognized, the data obtained from the two types of instruments JP10135 have been processed as homogeneous. JP10136 JP10137 Vapour pressure JP10138 Indication is in millibars (or in hectopascals). The installation JP10139 change of instruments and continuity of statistical data quality are the JP10140 same as those of "Relative humidity" mentioned above. JP10141 JP10142 Precipitation amount JP10143 Indiccation is in millimeters. Storage type rain gauges of 0.1 mm JP10144 measuring increment has been replaced over the years from 1 January 1968, JP10145 by tilting bucket rain gauges of 0.5mm measuring increments. In JP10146 statistical processing the two types of data have been connected as JP10147 homogeneous. For Ibukiyama and Tsurgisan where observations were not made JP10148 in some winters, the May-October data alone are indicated. The number of JP10149 days is given in which the amount of daily precipitation is larger than the JP10150 standard levels (0.0, 0.5, 1, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100 mm). The period for JP10151 statistics was 23 years from 1968 to 1990 for precipitation 0.0mm and JP10152 0.5mm. JP10153 JP10154 Sunshine duration JP10155 Indication is in hours. Jordan sunshine recorders have been replaced JP10156 by rotating sunshine recorders over the years from 1 January 1986. JP10157 Although the two types of data were considered as inhomogeneous, the JP10158 following correction was made in statistical processing to make homogeneous JP10159 data of high utility : When the monthly values measured by a Jordan JP10160 sunshine recorded are larger than 75.0 hours, the values substracted 15.0 JP10161 hours from measured values are listed as normals, and when smaller than JP10162 75.0 hours, the values multiplied by 0.8 are connected as homogeneous. JP10163 JP10164 The ratio of monthly (annual) total sunshine hours to monthly (annual) JP10165 possible sunshine hours is indicated in percents. In this caluclation the JP10166 corrected values were used for the sunshine hours measured by a Jordan JP10167 sunshine recorder. JP10168 JP10169 Global solar radiation JP10170 Indication is in megajoules per square meters. Although global JP10171 radiation has been masured over the years from 1971 by a thermopile JP10172 pyranometer, the statistical processing started in 1974 or 1975 (Syowa JP10173 1966) after confirming the stability of instruments. The unit was calorie JP10174 per square centimeter until 1980 and the values masured before 1980 are JP10175 multipled by 0.0428 because of the changes of the international System of JP10176 Units (SI) and the World Radiation Reference (WRR). JP10177 JP10178 Cloud amount JP10179 The fraction of cloud amount in the whole sky is listed in tenths. JP10180 The numbers of days are classified into smaller than 1.5 and larger than JP10181 8.5. JP10182 JP10183 Even Pages JP10184 Depth of snowfall JP10185 Indication is in centimeters. Depth of snowfall indicates the depth JP10186 of snow fallen on the ground for a certain duration. JP10187 JP10188 Monthly maximum depth of snow cover JP10189 Indication is in centimeters. Depth of snow cover indicates the depth JP10190 of snow which covered the ground naturally, different from the depth of JP10191 snowfall. The numbers of days are listed as ones larger than the standard JP10192 levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm, except Fujisan). JP10193 JP10194 Number of days with specified phenomena JP10195 The numbers of days with no sunshine, with thunder, with fog or with JP10196 snow are listed. The number of days with no sunshine indicates the total JP10197 days on which the sunshine duration is smaller than 0.1 hours. The number JP10198 of days with thunder indicaes the total days with thunderstorms or JP10199 thunderclapes except weak thunderclapes. The snow day indicates the day JP10200 when any of the following phenomena occurred, regardless of their JP10201 intensity: snow, snow shower, snow storm, rain and snow mixed, snow grains, JP10202 diamond dust. The day in which snow traces are observed is contained in JP10203 the snow day, not including ice pellets, snow pellets, small hail and hail. JP10204 JP10205 Wind speed JP10206 The wind speed is indicated in meters per second on the basis of 24- JP10207 hour wind run. Cup type anemometers have been replaced by propeller type JP10208 anemometers since 1 January 1975. Significant differences in measurement JP10209 have been recognized between the two types of instruments. For this JP10210 reason, the data from the two were not connected. Propeller data for 16 JP10211 years from 1975 to 1990 (Fujisan (1974-90), Murotomisaki (1970-90), Syowa JP10212 (1967-90) are listed in the present issue. JP10213 JP10214 Frequency in direction was determined for each month on the basis of JP10215 entire observations (eight observations daily, at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, JP10216 24 JST) except in the case of smaller than 0.2 m/s. The prevailing wind JP10217 direction and its percentage are shown. The statistical periods are same JP10218 as those in the wind speed. JP10219 JP10220 For the stations at which the data were inhomogeneous because of JP10221 changing the height of instruments and having shorter statistical periods JP10222 than eight years, the wind speed data before the change were corrected by JP10223 the coefficient estimated from neighborhood observatories' data and the JP10224 mean wind speed data were regarded as homogeneous afater 1975. The number JP10225 of days with daily maximum wind speed larger than standard levels (10, 15, JP10226 20, 30 m/s) are listed. JP10227 JP10228 Frequency distribution of hourly wind speed JP10229 Frequency in wind speed was determined for each month on the basis of JP10230 entire observations (four observations daily, at 3, 9, 15, 21 JST). The JP10231 number of days with three ranks (lower than 2.0 m/s, higher than 5.0 m/s JP10232 and higher than 10.0 m/s) are listed and its percentage is shown. The JP10233 prevailing wind direction and its percentage are also shown. JP10234 JP10235 Precipitation amount during "Baiu" JP10236 The dates of beginning and terminating of Baiu (rainy season in Japan) JP10237 are determined by the Japan Meteorological Agency in each district every JP10238 year. Their normal dates are shown in Table 4. There is always no JP10239 distince difference in weather between before and after Baiu, but generally JP10240 an increasing trend of rainy days when Baiu sets in and that of fine days JP10241 when Baiu is over. Accordingly, the climatological dates of beginning and JP10242 terminating of Baiu are determined after the rainy season, reviewing JP10243 surface data (weather, sunshine duration, etc.). Statistics for Baiu are JP10244 not carried out in Hokkaido district, Chichijima and Minamitorishima JP10245 Islands. JP10246 JP10247 Seasonal phenomena JP10248 The normals of the dates of the first and the last snow and frost, and JP10249 the extremes of them are indicated. The data period for normals is from JP10250 the autumn 1960 to the spring 1990, except years in which there was not JP10251 such a phenomenon and it snowed before frost fell. The data period for JP10252 extremes is from the beginning of observation to the spring 1990. JP10253 JP10254 A 30-year data period with a blank means that the actual data period JP10255 is less than five years. The actual data period is indicated in years in JP10256 parentheses ( ) after the normal. JP10257 JP10258 COMPUTATION METHOD OF ANNUAL VALUES JP10259 JP10260 Item Element Computation method JP10261 JP10262 Daily JP10263 Mean Atmospheric pressure Arithmetic mean of four ob- JP10264 servations (3, 9, 15, 21, JST). JP10265 Relative humidity ditto JP10266 Temperature Arithmetic mean of eight ob- JP10267 servations (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, JP10268 21, 24 JST). JP10269 Vapour pressure Arithmetic mean of four ob- JP10270 servations (3, 9, 15, 21 JST), JP10271 or three observations (9, 15, JP10272 21 JST), or two observations JP10273 (9, 15 JST). JP10274 Cloud amount ditto JP10275 Wind speed Arithmetic mean of 24-hour JP10276 wind run from 0 to 24 JST. JP10277 Total Precipitation Total amount of hourly data JP10278 for the 24-hour period JP10279 starting at 00 JST, or for data JP10280 until 1964 at 09 JST. JP10281 Sunshine duration ditto JP10282 Global solar radiation ditto JP10283 Depth of snowfall Total amount of three obser- JP10284 vations (9, 15, 21 JST), or two JP10285 observations (15 JST and 09 JP10286 JST next day). JP10287 Extreme Maximum depth of Maximum value among three JP10288 snow cover observations (9, 15, 21 JST), JP10289 or two observations (9, 15 JST). JP10290 Monthly JP10291 Mean Atmospheric pressure Arithmetic mean of daily means. JP10292 Mean temperature ditto JP10293 Relative humidity ditto JP10294 Vapor pressure ditto JP10295 Cloud amount ditto JP10296 Wind speed ditto JP10297 Global solar radiation Arithmetic mean of daily JP10298 total values. JP10299 Maximum temperature Arithmetic mean of daily JP10300 extreme values. JP10301 Minimum temperature ditto JP10302 Total Precipitation Total of daily total values. JP10303 Sunshine duration ditto JP10304 Depth of snowfall ditto JP10305 Percent- Sunshine duration Ratios of monthly total JP10306 age sunshine durations to possible JP10307 sunshine durations of the JP10308 corresponding months. JP10309 Number Number of days with specific JP10310 of days phenomena or total number of JP10311 days with pertinent JP10312 phenomena. JP10313 Extreme Depth of snowfall Maximum of daily total JP10314 depth of snowfall. JP10315 Maximum depth of Maximum of daily extreme JP10316 snow cover value. JP10317 Annual JP10318 Mean Atmospheric pressure Arithmetic mean of monthly JP10319 means, without considering JP10320 number of days for each month. JP10321 Temperature ditto JP10322 Relative humidity ditto JP10323 Vapor pressure ditto JP10324 Cloud amount ditto JP10325 Wind speed ditto JP10326 Global solar radiation ditto JP10327 Total Precipitation Total of monthly total values JP10328 Sunshine duration ditto JP10329 Depth of snowfall Total of monthly total values JP10330 during the cold season. JP10331 Percent- Sunshine duration Ratio of annual total JP10332 age sunshine durations to possible JP10333 sunshine durations of the cor- JP10334 responding years. JP10335 Number Total of monthly total values JP10336 of days of days except for the number JP10337 of days for daily maximum JP10338 snow cover during the cold JP10339 season. JP10340 Extreme Depth of snowfall Maximum daily total during JP10341 the cold season JP10342 Maximum depth of Maximum depth during the JP10343 snow cover cold season. JP10344 JP10345 JP10346 JP10347 JP10348 JP10349 Table 1 Missed observations JP10350 JP10351 All parameters except global solar radiation JP10352 JP10353 Pressure*************** Temperature****************************** JP10354 Num. Station level Sea level Mean Maximum Minimum JP10355 47598 1977. 6-79. 5 1977. 6-79. 5 1977. 6-79. 5 JP10356 47622 JP10357 47639 1970. 8 1970. 8 1970. 8 JP10358 47640 1984. 2 1984. 2 1984. 2 JP10359 47654 1989. 9 JP10360 47675 1986.11 1986.11 JP10361 47677 JP10362 47742 JP10363 47751 JP10364 47766 JP10365 47767 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1- 4 JP10366 47769 JP10367 47837 1982.11- 12 1982.11- 12 1982.11- 12 1982.11- 12 JP10368 47890 JP10369 47897 JP10370 47917 JP10371 47929 JP10372 47940 1967. 1-71.12 1967. 1-71.12 JP10373 89532 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 JP10374 JP10375 JP10376 Table 1 (cont.) JP10377 JP10378 Vapour Relative Wind Cloud JP10379 Number pressure humidity speed amount JP10380 47598 1977. 6-79. 5 JP10381 47622 1964. 4- 12 1964. 4- 12 1964. 4- 12 JP10382 47639 1970. 8 1970. 8 1981. 5 JP10383 " 1981. 1- 2 1981. 1- 2 JP10384 " 1984. 1 1984. 1 JP10385 " 1986. 2 1986. 2 JP10386 " 1990. 1 1990. 1 JP10387 47640 1984. 2 JP10388 47654 1989. 9 JP10389 47675 1986.11-87. 4 JP10390 47677 JP10391 47742 1961. 1-62. 4 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10392 47751 1989.12 JP10393 " 1990.12 JP10394 47766 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10395 47767 1961. 1-62. 4 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10396 47769 1961. 1-62. 4 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10397 47837 1982.11- 12 JP10398 47890 1961. 1-62. 4 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10399 47897 1961. 1-62. 4 1961. 1-62. 4 JP10400 47917 1965. 1-68.12 1968. 1- 2 1964. 8-69. 4 JP10401 " 1972. 1-74.12 1971. 1- 12 JP10402 " 1972. 7- 8 JP10403 47929 1966. 1-69.12 1966. 1-69.12 JP10404 47940 1967. 1-80.12 1967. 1.73. 3 1967. 1-81. 3 JP10405 89532 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 1962. 2-66. 1 JP10406 " 1972. 9 1972. 9 JP10407 " 1976. 5 1976. 5 Number Sunshine Precipitation Depth of snow- Maximum depth JP10408 duration amount fall of snow cover JP10409 JP10410 47402 1964. 2 JP10411 47421 1983. 4 JP10412 47424 1982. 1 JP10413 47430 1963.11 JP10414 47587 1988.11 JP10415 47622 1964. 4- 12 1960.10-61. 9 160.10-61. 9 JP10416 " 1964. 4- 12 1964. 4- 12 JP10417 47639 1964. 9-65. 8 JP10418 " 1990. 8 JP10419 47646 1963. 2 1990. 1- 3 1990. 1- 3 JP10420 47675 1986.11 1986.11 JP10421 47742 JP10422 47751 1989. 7 JP10423 47767 1961. 1- 4 1961. 1- 4 1960.10-61. 4 1960.10-61. 4 JP10424 47769 JP10425 47778 1986.10 JP10426 47800 1987. 8 JP10427 47809 1989. 9 JP10428 47829 1989. 1- 2 JP10429 47835 1968.10 JP10430 47843 1962.10- 12 1962.10- 12 JP10431 47890 1962.11 JP10432 47899 1988. 3 JP10433 47912 JP10434 47929 JP10435 47940 JP10436 47971 1969. 1-70. 7 JP10437 47991 1970. 1- 7 JP10438 JP10439 JP10440 JP10441 Number Snow Fog Thunder JP10442 JP10443 47402 JP10444 47421 JP10445 47424 JP10446 47430 JP10447 47587 JP10448 47622 JP10449 " JP10450 47639 JP10451 " JP10452 47646 JP10453 47675 1986.11-87. 4 1986.11-87. 4 JP10454 47742 1961. 1-63.12 1961. 1-63.12 1961. 1-63.12 JP10455 47751 JP10456 47767 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 JP10457 47769 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 JP10458 47778 JP10459 47800 JP10460 47809 JP10461 47829 JP10462 47835 JP10463 47843 JP10464 47890 JP10465 47899 JP10466 47912 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 1961. 1-66.12 JP10467 47929 1961. 1-69.12 1961. 1-69.12 1961. 1-69.12 JP10468 47940 1967. 1-77. 7 1967. 1-77. 7 1967. 1-77. 7 JP10469 47971 1969. 1- 12 1969. 1- 12 1969. 1- 12 JP10470 47991 JP10471 JP10472 JP10473 JP10474 Global solar radiation JP10475 JP10476 Number Period JP10477 JP10478 47401 1975. 7- 8 JP10479 47406 1977. 5- 6 JP10480 47575 1979. 2 JP10481 47582 1985. 4 JP10482 47585 1974. 6-75. 5 JP10483 47600 1980.10 JP10484 47604 1975. 2- 3 JP10485 47607 1975. 9- 10 JP10486 47607 1978. 3 JP10487 47612 1978. 1- 2 JP10488 47636 1977.11- 12 JP10489 47638 1974. 8 JP10490 " 1978.12-79. 1 JP10491 " 1979. 8 JP10492 47648 1976. 1 JP10493 47678 1979. 9- 11 JP10494 47744 1975. 8 JP10495 47800 1980. 2- 3 JP10496 " 1987. 8 JP10497 47817 1977. 3 JP10498 47819 1978. 6- 7 JP10499 47830 1974.11-75. 3 JP10500 47893 1975. 6- 9 JP10501 " 1980.12 JP10502 47898 1977.10 JP10503 " 1980. 5 JP10504 47918 1975. 8 JP10505 " 1979. 6 JP10506 47971 1979. 4- 5 JP10507 47991 1979. 8 JP10508 89532 1963. 1 JP10509 JP10510 JP10511 JP10512 JP10513 Table 2 List of station name whose dataperiod is less than 30 years and it's dataperiod JP10514 JP10515 Except wind speed JP10516 JP10517 Number Parameters Period Remarks JP10518 JP10519 47404 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10520 47405 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10521 47421 All parameters 1961-88 1989. 9.22 Moved on JP10522 47424 All parameters 1961-87 1988. 6.25 Moved on JP10523 47512 All parameters 1964-90 1963. 8. 1 Newly Established JP10524 47520 All parameters 1986-90 1985.11. 1 Moved on JP10525 47576 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10526 47587 All parameters 1971-90 1970. 3. 6 Moved on JP10527 47604 Pressure (station level) 1966-90 1965.10.14 Moved on JP10528 47606 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10529 47620 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10530 47622 1965-90 1964. 4. 1 Moved on JP10531 47639 All parameters 1965-90 1964.10. 5 Moved on JP10532 47648 Fog 1961-85 1986. 8.22 Moved on JP10533 47653 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10534 47672 All parameters 1969-90 1968. 5.11 Newly established JP10535 47682 All parameters 1967-90 1966. 4. 1 Newly established JP10536 47684 All parameters 1967-90 1966. 5.11 Newly established JP10537 47746 Fog 1978-90 1977.11. 1 Moved on JP10538 47747 Frost 1963-90 1962. 5. 1 Moved on JP10539 47750 All parameters 1975-90 1974. 7.11 Moved on JP10540 47751 1961-88 1989. 4. 1 Stopped a part of observation JP10541 47754 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10542 47765 All parameters 1961-87 1988. 1. 1 Moved on JP10543 47766 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10544 47768 All parameters 1983-90 1982.10. 1 Moved on JP10545 47769 1965-90 1965. 1. 1 Moved on JP10546 47772 Frost, Fog 1969-90 1968. 8. 1 Moved on JP10547 47784 All parameters 1967-90 1966. 4. 1 Newly established JP10548 47805 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10549 47809 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10550 47818 All parameters 1978-90 1977. 4. 1 Moved on JP10551 47822 All parameters 1962-90 1961. 6. 1 Newly established JP10552 47823 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10553 47829 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10554 47835 1973-90 1972. 4. 1 Moved on JP10555 47836 All parameters 1976-90 1975. 4. 1 Moved on JP10556 47843 All parameters 1963-90 1962. 5. 1 Newly established JP10557 47890 1982-90 1981 .4 .1 changed of statistical method JP10558 47897 1982-90 1981. 4. 1 changed of statistical method JP10559 47897 Fog 1983-90 1982. 4. 1 Moved on JP10560 47936 Fog 1961-86 1987. 3. 1 Moved on JP10561 47940 All parameters 1967-86 1966. 7.29 Newly established JP10562 47940 1987. 7. 1 Moved on JP10563 47942 All parameters 1970-90 1969. 5. 1 Moved on JP10564 47971 All parameters 1969-90 1968. 6.26 Newly established JP10565 47991 All parameters 1970-90 1969. 7. 7 Reopened JP10566 JP10567 Note) All parameters are except wind speed and phenological observation. JP10568 a :Cloud amount, number of days with specified phenomena, seasonal phenomena. JP10569 b :Temperature, pressure (station level) JP10570 b*:Temperature, frost, relative humidity, vapor pressure, pressure (station level) JP10571 c :Precipitation, depth of snowfall. JP10572 d :Relative humidity, vapor pressure, sunshine duration, monthly maximum of snow JP10573 cover. JP10574 JP10575 JP10576 Wind speed. Frequency in direction JP10577 JP10578 Number Moved on Frequency period Wind speed periodCoefficient estimate JP10579 JP10580 47406 1980. 6.21 1981-90 1981-90 -- JP10581 47421 1989. 9.22 1975-88 1975-88 -- JP10582 47423 1984. 1. 1 1986-90 1975-90 1.21 JP10583 47423 1985. 7. 1 1.52 JP10584 47424 1976. 6. 1 1977-87 1977-87 -- JP10585 47424 1988. 6.25 JP10586 47426 1983. 3. 1 1984-90 1975-90 1.06 JP10587 47428 1979. 9. 1 1980-90 1980-90 -- JP10588 47435 1983. 1. 1 1983-90 1983-90 -- JP10589 47512 1990. 3.15 1975-89 1975-89 -- JP10590 47520 1985.11. 1 1986-90 1986-90 -- JP10591 47575 1989.12. 1 1975-88 1975-88 -- JP10592 47576 1978. 1. 1 1978-90 1978-90 -- JP10593 47582 1982. 3.11 1983-88 1983-88 -- JP10594 47582 1989.10.30 JP10595 47585 1990.10.18 1975-89 1975-89 -- JP10596 47587 1984. 2.10 1985-90 1975-90 1.20 JP10597 47590 1982. 3. 1 1983-90 1983-90 -- JP10598 47592 1990. 1.25 1975-89 1975-89 -- JP10599 47598 1979. 1.18 1980-90 1980-90 -- JP10600 47600 1985. 5. 8 1975-84 1975-90 1.49 JP10601 47600 1986. 6.20 1.45 JP10602 47607 1986. 1.30 1975-85 1975-90 1.15 JP10603 47615 1989.12.20 1975-88 1975-88 -- JP10604 47631 1987. 3.25 1975-86 1975-90 1.38 JP10605 47631 1988. 2.12 1.31 JP10606 47648 1986. 8.22 1975-85 1975-85 -- JP10607 47649 1985. 1.30 1986-90 1975-90 1.35 JP10608 47651 1987. 9. 1 1975-86 1975-86 -- JP10609 47663 1985. 5.29 1986-90 1975-90 1.22 JP10610 47682 1981. 3.30 1982-90 1982-90 -- JP10611 47690 1977. 1.13 1978-90 1978-90 -- JP10612 47740 1987.10.14 1975-86 1975-90 1.09 JP10613 47741 1979.11. 1 1980-90 1980-90 -- JP10614 47746 1977.11. 1 1978-90 1978-90 -- JP10615 47765 1988. 1. 1 1975-87 1975-87 -- JP10616 47768 1982.10. 1 1983-90 1983-90 -- JP10617 47769 1987. 3.25 1975-86 1975-90 1.25 JP10618 47818 1977. 4. 1 1978-90 1978-90 -- JP10619 47836 1975. 4. 1 1976-90 1976-90 -- JP10620 47897 1982. 4. 1 1983-90 1983-90 -- JP10621 47936 1987. 3. 1 1975-86 1975-86 -- JP10622 47940 1987. 7. 1 1975-86 1975-86 -- JP10623 47971 1984.11. 1 1985-90 1985-90 -- JP10624 JP10625 Note) 1. The mean wind speed at the station indicated by +, the before -the-move data were JP10626 corrected by the coefficient estimated from neighborhood observations. JP10627 2. The before-the-move data along have been used for processing when evaluation of JP10628 the continuity of data quality across the time of site movement has not been completed JP10629 and the station is indicated by an asterisk(*). JP10630 3. For those stations which had moved before five years and an annual mean was JP10631 discontinuous the before-the-move data alone have been used for processing when moved JP10632 five years before the station is indicated by ** JP10633 JP10634 JP10635 JP10636 JP10637 JP10638 Table 3 Correction applied to station pressure JP10639 JP10640 Number Correction Period JP10641 mb JP10642 JP10643 47401 -1.0 1961. 1 -68.12 JP10644 47404 -0.5 1961. 1 -88. 9 JP10645 47406 -0.5 1961. 1 -80. 6 JP10646 47407 -0.4 1961. 1 -68.12 JP10647 47409 -0.5 1961. 1 -71.12 JP10648 " -0.5 1974. 1 -77.12 JP10649 47413 -2.2 1961. 1 -75.12 JP10650 47417 -0.4 1961. 1 -86. 6 JP10651 47418 -0.4 1961. 1 -70.12 JP10652 47423 -0.7 1961. 1 -83.11 JP10653 " -1.0 1983.12 -85. 6 JP10654 47428 2.2 1961. 1 -79. 8 JP10655 47433 -0.4 1961. 1 -61.12 JP10656 " -0.4 1964. 1 -75.12 JP10657 47512 -0.6 1964. 1 -90. 3 JP10658 " -0.5 1990. 4 -90.11 JP10659 47582 -1.4 1961. 1 -89.10 JP10660 47588 -0.2 1961. 1 -76. 9 JP10661 47590 -0.5 1961. 1 -82. 2 JP10662 47592 0.2 1961. 1 -90. 1 JP10663 47600 -0.9 1961. 1 -86. 6 JP10664 47607 -0.9 1961. 1 -86. 1 JP10665 47612 -0.4 1961. 1 -77.12 JP10666 47615 -2.2 1961. 1 -89.12 JP10667 47616 -0.7 1961. 1 -77. 4 JP10668 47622 -0.4 1965. 1 -80. 1 JP10669 47631 -1.1 1961. 1 -88. 3 JP10670 47632 -0.3 1961. 1 -76. 1 JP10671 47636 -0.4 1961. 1 - 12 JP10672 47649 -0.5 1961. 1 -85. 1 JP10673 47651 -1.8 1961. 1 -87. 8 JP10674 47662 -3.6 1961. 1 -64.12 JP10675 47663 -1.2 1961. 1 -85. 5 JP10676 47670 -0.4 1961. 1 -70.12 JP10677 47682 -0.7 1967. 1 -81. 3 JP10678 47690 -0.4 1961. 1 -76.12 JP10679 47740 -0.4 1961. 1 -87.10 JP10680 47741 -0.4 1961. 1 -79.11 JP10681 47759 -0.4 1961. 1 -68.12 JP10682 47762 3.5 1961. 1 -78.12 JP10683 47766 -1.0 1961. 1 -67.12 JP10684 47777 -0.4 1961. 1 -69.12 JP10685 47807 -1.3 1961. 1 -67.12 JP10686 47815 -0.8 1961. 1 -70.12 JP10687 47817 -1.0 1961. 1 -71.12 JP10688 47823 -0.3 1961. 1 -77. 3 JP10689 47838 2.0 1961. 1 -67.12 JP10690 " 2.1 1968. 1 -73.12 JP10691 4789. -1.9 1961. 1 -77. 6 JP10692 47895 -0.4 1961. 1 -63.12 JP10693 47909 -0.4 1961. 1 -67.12 JP10694 47912 -0.5 1961. 1 -89. 7 JP10695 47917 -0.7 1961. 1 -70.12 JP10696 47936 -2.0 1961. 1 -87. 2 JP10697 47971 -0.4 1969. 1 -84.10 JP10698 89532 -0.8 1966. 2 -72.12 JP10699 JP10700 KN10001 KN10002 1961-1990 Normals for Kenya: KN10003 KN10004 1. Abbreviations and footnotes. KN10005 KN10006 The abbreviations used in the headings of the tables have KN10007 the following meanings:- KN10008 KN10009 STATION = Name of the station KN10010 STNO = International index number of the station KN10011 PER = Period for which the normal or averages have KN10012 been computed KN10013 KN10014 I, II, ... XI = January, February ....... December KN10015 KN10016 4.0. The mean vapour pressure values for the individual KN10017 months (values on which the normals are based) are KN10018 computed from the mean saturation vapour pressure at KN10019 the mean monthly temperature, and mean monthly relative KN10020 humidity. KN10021 KN10022 E = RH x Es (Tm) KN10023 = RH x 6.108 exp [17.27Tm/(Tm + 237)] KN10024 KN10025 (FAO & WMO Publications) KN10026 Where RH = mean monthly relative humidity KN10027 Es = Saturation vapour pressure KN10028 TM = Mean monthly temperature KN10029 E = Vapour pressure KN10030 KN10031 5.0. Wind speed KN10032 The daily mean wind speeds were computed as follows:- KN10033 KN10034 Wm = (W1 + W2 + W3 + W4) /4 Knots KN10035 W = (W1 + W2 + W3 + W4) x 2/4 m/s KN10036 1 knot = 2 m/s KN10037 KN10038 Where 1 = 0000hr KN10039 2 = 0600hr KN10040 3 = 1200hr KN10041 4 = 1800hr KN10042 KN10043 From daily mean wind speeds mean monthly wind speeds KN10044 were obtained for each of the twelve months. KN10045 KN10046 Sunshine Duration. KN10047 KN10048 Monthly means of duration of sunshine in hours for the KN10049 period 1961-1990 were averaged to obtain the normals KN10050 for each of the twelve months. KN10051 KN10052 Rainfall. KN10053 KN10054 1.0. Missing rainfall data were estimated by stepwise KN10055 regression between the same station and others within KN10056 the same homogeneous zones as delineated by Ogallo KN10057 (1989). Monthly normals (30 year averages) for each KN10058 station of the twelve months as well as the normal of KN10059 the annual totals were then computed. KN10060 KN10061 1.2. Frequency groups of precipitation. KN10062 The limits for the five frequency groups of KN10063 precipitation (quintiles) are given in mm and tenths. KN10064 The frequency groups have been computed in the KN10065 following way. For every month the 30 values of KN10066 precipitation, available in the thirty-year normal KN10067 period, have been listed in a column from the lowest to KN10068 the highest amount. The list has been divided into KN10069 five groups (quintiles), each group containing six KN10070 values. The first quintile contains the lowest six KN10071 values for the month in question that have been KN10072 observed during the thirty-year period, and the fifth KN10073 quintile contains the highest six values. The limit KN10074 between two adjacent quintiles has been chosen as being KN10075 half-way between two adjacent quintiles and the first KN10076 values of the upper quintile. KN10077 KN10078 1.3. Number of days. KN10079 KN10080 This was obtained by counting the number of days for KN10081 which the precipitation was at least 1mm. The number KN10082 of such days in each month in the period (1961-1990) KN10083 were then averaged to obtain the monthly normals for KN10084 each of the twelve months. KN10085 KN10086 2.0. Pressure (GPM) KN10087 KN10088 This was obtained from daily and monthly data where KN10089 daily values were used. The pressure values at 0000, KN10090 0600, 1200, and 1800 hours were averaged to obtain KN10091 daily means which were then averaged over the months to KN10092 obtain monthly means for the period (1961-1990). The KN10093 normals were then obtained from the monthly means. KN10094 KN10095 3.0. Air temperature in degrees cesius KN10096 KN10097 - Monthly minimum and maximum temperatures were used to KN10098 obtain monthly air temperature. It was computed as KN10099 follows: KN10100 KN10101 Tm = (Tmin + Tmax) / 2 KN10102 KN10103 3.1. Minimum and Maximum temperatures. KN10104 KN10105 - These were obtained from monthly data. The KN10106 monthly data were averaged over the months to KN10107 obtain monthly means for the period (1961-1990). KN10108 KN10109 RELATIVE HUMIDITY. KN10110 KN10111 The monthly data for minimum and maximum relative humidities were KN10112 available. These monthly data were then averaged over the months KN10113 to obtain monthly means for the period (1961-1990). KN10114 KN10115 KO10001 KO10002 KO10003 The following narrative from the Climatological Standard Normals of Korea KO10004 publication, Volume II, describes the observation and computational KO10005 procedures followed by the Korea Meteorological Administration in the KO10006 preparation of the 1961-1990 normals. KO10007 KO10008 KO10009 (1961-1990) KO10010 KO10011 CLIMATOLOGICAL STANDARD NORMALS OF KOREA KO10012 KO10013 VOLUME II KO10014 - MONTHLY NORMALS - KO10015 KO10016 KO10017 KO10018 KO10019 KO10020 KOREA METEOROLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION KO10021 SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA KO10022 PREFACE KO10023 KO10024 KO10025 This Volume II of The Climatological Standard Normals of KO10026 Korea is published in succession to Volume I. The WMO Technical KO10027 Regulations and Guidance are used for computing and comparing the KO10028 data. KO10029 KO10030 This book contains monthly standard 30-year normals (1961- KO10031 1990) of all land stations of the Korea Meteorological KO10032 Administration, the number of days in each phenomena, extremes KO10033 and their rankings, and seasonal values. Extremes and their KO10034 rankings reflect the data that were observed since the foundation KO10035 of each station. KO10036 KO10037 I hope that Volume II as well as Volume I will be widely KO10038 useful in various fields requiring meteorological information KO10039 such as industrial activities, disaster prevention, environmental KO10040 conservation, meteorological research, etc. KO10041 KO10042 September 1991 KO10043 KO10044 Yong Dai Park KO10045 Administrator KO10046 Korea Meteorological Administration KO10047 KO10048 KO10049 NOTES KO10050 KO10051 1. The observation time of all elements is Korean Standard Time KO10052 (KST), which is based on the 135 E meridian (GMT Plus 9 KO10053 hours), and a 24-hour system starting at 00 KST is used. KO10054 KO10055 2. The statistics period is the 30 year period from 1961 to KO10056 1990. Observation data periods of less than 10 years were KO10057 excluded. Extremes and their rankings reflect the data that KO10058 were observed since the foundation of each station. KO10059 KO10060 3. The starting years of statistics for each element are given KO10061 in the list of statistics periods on page vi, while the KO10062 final years are not provided because they are all the same KO10063 as December 1990. For those stations that have stopped KO10064 observation, however, the final years are given. KO10065 KO10066 4. Computation concepts are as follows: KO10067 KO10068 a. Monthly normals KO10069 1) Air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, KO10070 vapour pressure, cloud cover, surface soil KO10071 temperature and 0.05~0.3 m underground soil KO10072 temperature are obtained by averaging the four KO10073 observations of a day. KO10074 KO10075 2) Daily maximum (minimum) temperature, grass minimum KO10076 temperature are obtained by monthly averaging KO10077 their daily values, and 0.5~5.0m underground soil KO10078 temperature is obtained by averaging means the KO10079 daily 00Z observation. KO10080 KO10081 3) Monthly maximum (minimum) temperature is obtained KO10082 by averaging the maximums (minimums) each month KO10083 over 30 years. KO10084 KO10085 4) Precipitation, evaporation, daily sunshine, KO10086 duration of precipitation, and duration of fog are KO10087 obtained by averaging the totals of the month. KO10088 KO10089 5) Evaporation is the amount of water that evaporated KO10090 in 24 hours (09~09h), and that the large KO10091 evaporation is obtained during 7 months, from KO10092 April until October. KO10093 KO10094 6) Duration of sunshine of WFOs is calculated from KO10095 observations of Jordan's sunshine recorder, and KO10096 that of WOSs is obtained using Bimetal sunshine KO10097 recorder. KO10098 KO10099 7) The air pressure of WFOs is the mean sea level KO10100 pressure, excluding Taegwallyong, Wonju, and Wando KO10101 WFO. Those of WOS and the above three WFOs are KO10102 the mean station pressure. KO10103 KO10104 8) Global solar radiation is the monthly average of KO10105 the daily observations of Eppley's radiation KO10106 recorder, and its annual average is the mean of KO10107 the monthly averages. KO10108 KO10109 9) Average wind speed, percentage of frequency and KO10110 maximum speed of a wind direction are obtained KO10111 from hourly observations. KO10112 KO10113 b. Number of days in each phenomena: KO10114 The number of occurrence days of major climate elements KO10115 is given in each classification. KO10116 KO10117 c. Extremes and rankings KO10118 1) For major climate elements maximum (minimum) KO10119 values are ranked up to the 5th rank and KO10120 consecutive rain and rainless days are recorded up KO10121 to the third. KO10122 2) If more than one value have the same rank KO10123 (extremes), the latter is ranked higher. KO10124 3) Maximum gust is recorded for WFOs only. KO10125 4) The deepest fresh snow is the value at the time KO10126 the depth of fresh snow is greatest in one day, KO10127 but the deepest snow cover is the value of the KO10128 greatest depth of snow cover regardless of when KO10129 the snow fell. KO10130 KO10131 d. Seasonal values: KO10132 Seasonal values represent their means and extremes on KO10133 the first and final occurrence days. Duration is the KO10134 period from the first to the final occurrence day of KO10135 each phenomena which is continued longest. KO10136 KO10137 e. Standard deviation (S.D) KO10138 1) Standard deviations are computed for air pressure, KO10139 average temperature, vapour pressure and KO10140 precipitation. KO10141 2) They are obtained as follows: KO10142 KO10143 KO10144 ( 1 N _ ) KO10145 S.D = SQRT( - (Xi-X)2) KO10146 ( N i=1 ) KO10147 _ KO10148 where, X is the mean value of Xi to the total KO10149 number of observations N. KO10150 KO10151 LU10001 LU10002 LU10003 1961-1990 Normals for Lithuania LU10004 LU10005 Lithuanian Board for Hydrometeorology LU10006 LU10007 Dear Sir/ Madam, LU10008 LU10009 Referring to your letter No. M/CLC of 29 October 1992, we LU10010 inform you, that we have in access only one item of references, LU10011 i.e. WCDP Report No.10 - "Calculation of Monthly and Annual 30- LU10012 year Standard Normals" (WMO/TD - No. 341) which we used for the LU10013 data calculation. LU10014 LU10015 We enclose you only a part of the data you have mentioned in LU10016 your letter which we have prepared (air temperature, LU10017 precipitation, pressure) or have managed to prepare (wind speed LU10018 and vapour pressure). We apologize to you for the incomplete LU10019 information as the climatological data bank in Lithuania is not LU10020 computerized. For this reason we cannot produce the necessary LU10021 data so quickly. LU10022 LU10023 We send you the climatological standard normals for the LU10024 period of 1961-1990 and the extreme air temperature values for LU10025 the whole observational period provided from 14 meteorological LU10026 stations in Lithuania. The stations are chosen so as to provide LU10027 a reasonable representation of all the physical-geographical LU10028 climatic regions of Lithuania. LU10029 LU10030 Additional data on the meteorological observation network LU10031 are provided as well (coordinates, altitude, quality, etc.). LU10032 LU10033 Explanatory notes LU10034 1. Time of observations changed (observations were taken LU10035 at local mean time): LU10036 - observations were taken at 07, 14, 21 hours in LU10037 1921-1940 and 1942-1944, LU10038 - observations were taken at 07, 13, 21 hours in 1941, LU10039 - observations were taken at 01, 07, 13, 19 hours in LU10040 1945-1965. LU10041 LU10042 E.G. 01, 07, 13, 19 hours L.M.T. correspond to LU10043 00, 06, 12, 18 hours GMT. LU10044 LU10045 - 8 observations a day (at 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, LU10046 18, 21 hours) have been taken since 1966. LU10047 LU10048 The homogeneity of a data series was adjusted by introducing LU10049 24-hourly corrections checked against the results of thermographs LU10050 to year-month air temperature averages. Since 1966 the 24- LU10051 hourly corrections have not been introduced as the error of 24- LU10052 hourly average of observation time does not exceede 0,1 deg C. LU10053 LU10054 2. During the period of 1961-1990, meteorological stations LU10055 were moved rarely, their altitude changed slightly, the data are LU10056 homogeneous. Vilnius and Kaunas meteorological stations were LU10057 moved from the town into the suburb. The environment in Kaunas LU10058 changed very insignificantly while the data from Vilnius are LU10059 heterogeneous (see the additional information). At the moment LU10060 there two meteorological stations in Vilnius (in the airport - LU10061 altitude 190 m, opened in 1964, and in the suburb - altitude 162 LU10062 m, opened in 1972). LU10063 LU10064 Average air temperature and pressure for the stations with LU10065 incomplete observation period (in Vilnius and Kaunas) have been LU10066 calculated for the whole 1961-1990 period applying the method of LU10067 differences of neighbouring stations, while precipitation was LU10068 calculated by correlation graphs. LU10069 LU10070 Extreme air temperature values for the whole observational LU10071 period were taken from the actual data though the location of LU10072 some stations was changed (in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda). LU10073 LU10074 Average values of wind speed and vapour pressure for the LU10075 period of 1961-1990 were calculated from the actual homogeneous LU10076 data (the periods of Vilnius and Kaunas are incomplete). As the LU10077 standard normals of these stations go with the ones of the LU10078 surrounding stations, they are suggested to be retained. LU10079 LU10080 Yours faithfully LU10081 LU10082 Petras Korkutis, LU10083 LU10084 Head of the Lituanian Board for Hydrometeorology LU10085 LU10086 Supplemental information LU10087 Country code - 26, Country name - Lithuania, WMO region - 6 LU10088 LU10089 Station Latitude Longitude Elevation WMO Block/ Accumulation (number Provisional normal Standard LU10090 Name (deg,min, (deg,min, m Index of accumulation Insuffi- Hetero- normal LU10091 N or S) E or W) Number periods) cient geneity: LU10092 period of station LU10093 record relocation LU10094 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LU10095 LU10096 Birzai 56 deg 12 min 24 deg 46 min 60 26531 1924-1944,1947-1990 yes LU10097 Telsiai 55 deg 58 min 22 deg 15 min 153 26515 1924-1944,1947-1990 yes LU10098 Siauliai 55 deg 56 min 23 deg 19 min 106 26524 1924-1927,1930-1990 yes LU10099 Klaipeda 55 deg 54 min 21 deg 08 min 3 - 1881-1918,1923-1939 yes LU10100 55 deg 44 min 21 deg 04 min 6 26509 1946-1959,1964-1990 yes LU10101 Laukuva 55 deg 37 min 22 deg 14 min 165 26518 1924-1944,1950-1990 yes LU10102 Utena 55 deg 32 min 25 deg 36 min 105 26633 1925-1990 yes LU10103 Raseiniai 55 deg 23 min 23 deg 07 min 111 26621 1926-1934,1941-1990 yes LU10104 Silute 55 deg 21 min 21 deg 28 min 4 26600 1949-1990 yes LU10105 Nida 55 deg 19 min 21 deg 01 min 2 26603 1946-1948,1950-1990 yes LU10106 Ukmerge 55 deg 15 min 24 deg 46 min 72 26634 1924-1990 yes LU10107 Kaunas 54 deg 54 min 23 deg 53 min 36 - 1892-1915 yes LU10108 54 deg 55 min 23 deg 56 min 83 - 1922-1955 yes LU10109 54 deg 56 min 23 deg 59 min 73 - 1950-1974 yes LU10110 54 deg 53 min 25 deg 50 min 76 26629 1975-1990 yes LU10111 Kybartai 54 deg 38 min 22 deg 47 min 58 26713 1924-1990 yes LU10112 Vilnius 54 deg 41 min 25 deg 18 min 118 - 1777-1887.02 yes LU10113 54 deg 41 min 25 deg 16 min 106 - 1887.03-1892.01 yes LU10114 54 deg 41 min 25 deg 18 min 148 - 1892.02-1915 yes LU10115 54 deg 41 min 25 deg - 104 - 1918-1920.05 yes LU10116 54 deg 41 min 25 deg 16 min 142 - 1920.06-1922.06 yes LU10117 54 deg 41 min 25 deg 15 min 128 - 1922.07-1953.11 yes LU10118 54 deg 42 min 25 deg 18 min 101 - 1953.12-1964.05 yes LU10119 54 deg 38 min 25 deg 17 min 190 - 1945-1955,1964-1990 yes LU10120 54 deg 38 min 25 deg 06 min 162 26730 1971-1990 yes LU10121 Varena 54 deg 15 min 24 deg 33 min 109 26737 1929-1990 yes LU10122 LU10123 LV10001 LV10002 LV10003 LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS MINISTRU PADOMES LV10004 HIDROMETEOROLOGIJAS PARVALDE LV10005 LV10006 Dear Sir/Madam, LV10007 LV10008 We are sending you climatological standard normals for the LV10009 period 1961 - 1990 from the stations of Latvia. LV10010 LV10011 These data are the first ones we have prepared for LV10012 publication by WMO. In order to represent the main climatic LV10013 regions of our country we have chosen five stations, shown on the LV10014 enclosed map. LV10015 LV10016 Station name Latitude Longitude Altitude ( above mean LV10017 sea level ), m LV10018 Ainazi 57.52 24.22 6 LV10019 Baltic VBS 57.08 25.55 181 LV10020 Riga 56.58 24.03 2 LV10021 Liepaja 56.29 21.01 4 LV10022 Daugavpils 55.52 26.37 122 LV10023 LV10024 During the period 1961 - 1990 all these stations worked LV10025 without breaks in the observations. Data series homogeneity and LV10026 quality were examined. All the data are representatiave of the LV10027 atmospheric conditions in the observing stations vicinity. LV10028 LV10029 Station Riga changed its site in 1973. The examination of LV10030 the data homogeneity has shown inhomogeneity only in the wind LV10031 speed data series. Therefore Riga wind speed data averages are LV10032 computed for a 17-year period (1974 - 1990). LV10033 LV10034 Under the influence of broken ground vicinity Baltic VBS LV10035 wind speed data are partly slow down. LV10036 LV10037 In station Ainazi measurements of sunshine duration have not LV10038 been made. LV10039 LV10040 Sincerely yours LV10041 LV10042 G. Matisone LV10043 Director LV10044 LV10045 LX10001 LX10002 LX10003 AEROPORT DE LUXEMBOURG = LUXEMBOURG LX10004 LX10005 Mean Air Temperature and Relative Humidity based on hourly obs. LX10006 Mean Dew Point Temperature and Vapor Pressure based on 3-hourly obs. LX10007 LX10008 MC10001 MC10002 From a letter from M-r Vitomir Dimitrievski: MC10003 MC10004 "I would like to emphasize that the publishing of the data should MC10005 be under our respective current name - REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." MC10006 MC10007 MC10008 1961-90 normals for the following four stations: MC10009 MC10010 Bitola Hs= 586 m lat= 41d03m lon= 21d20m MC10011 Lazaropole Hs=1332 m lat= 41d32m lon= 20d42m MC10012 Skopje-Petrovec Hs= 232 m lat= 41d57m lon= 21d38m MC10013 Stip Hs= 305 m lat= 41d45m lon= 22d10m MC10014 MC10015 MG10001 MG10002 MG10003 REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DE MADAGASCAR MG10004 MG10005 O b j e t: Normales climatologiques standard 1961-1990. MG10006 Reference: NoM/CLC du 29/10/92 de 1'0.M.M. MG10007 MG10008 Dear Director, MG10009 MG10010 I am honored to deliver to you the normals data for Madagascar MG10011 stations in accordance with the 10/29/92 letter from WMO. MG10012 MG10013 The monthly data for each station have been Q/C'd., the MG10014 comparison of the information was done using the double-mass MG10015 method. MG10016 MG10017 MX10001 MX10002 MX10003 1961-90 Normals - Mexico MX10004 MX10005 MX10006 LOS DATOS DIARIOS SE GENERARON CON OBSERVACIONES DE LAS 07,14, Y MX10007 21 HORAS (1961-1974); DE 03+06+.....+21 HORAS (1975 Y 1976) Y A PARTIR MX10008 DE 1977 CON 24 OBSERVACIONES HORARI EXCEPTO TACUBAYA QUE CUENTA CON MX10009 OBSERVACIONES HORARIAS DURANTE TODO EL PERIODO. MX10010 MX10011 MX10012 The daily data were generated from observations at hours 07, 14, and 21 for MX10013 1961-1974; from 3-hourly (hours 03, 06, ..., 21) observations for 1975 and MX10014 1976 and part of 1977; subsequently with 24 hourly observations. The MX10015 exception is Tacubaya whose computations are based on hourly observations MX10016 for the entire period. MX10017 MX10018 MX10019 NL10001 NL10002 NETHERLANDS NL10003 NL10004 CLIMATOLOGICAL STANDARD NORMALS (CLINO) of Dutch NL10005 climatological stations for the period 1961 - 1990 for NL10006 publication by WMO (Surface data). NL10007 NL10008 NL10009 1.INTRODUCTION. NL10010 NL10011 Data has been provided from five Dutch stations. The data NL10012 relate to the standard period for normal values 1961 - 1990. NL10013 The Standard Normals have been based on hourly surface data NL10014 and have been computed to daily, monthly and yearly values, in NL10015 accordance with WMO-publication TD/ NO. 341 of March 1989. NL10016 NL10017 NL10018 2. THE OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK. NL10019 NL10020 The five stations De Kooy (international index number 06235), NL10021 De Bilt (06260), Eelde (Groningen Airport 06280), Vlissingen NL10022 (06310) and Maastricht (Airport Zuid-Limburg 06380) are NL10023 classified as PRINCIPAL STATIONS, from which hourly NL10024 observations and measurements are present. NL10025 NL10026 The observation site of these stations has been representative NL10027 to the surrounding area, according to the WMO-Regulations. NL10028 NL10029 The geographical coordinates and other specifications of the NL10030 stations are given in the next table, giving the situation on NL10031 31 December 1990. NL10032 NL10033 TABLE I NL10034 NL10035 NO/NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE H (M) Hz(M) NL10036 NL10037 06235 52 deg 55 min N 4 deg 47 min E + 0 + 4 NL10038 DE KOOY NL10039 NL10040 06260 52 deg 06 min N 5 deg 11 min E + 2 + 19 NL10041 DE BILT NL10042 NL10043 06280 53 deg 08 min N 6 deg 35 min E + 4 + 5 NL10044 EELDE NL10045 NL10046 06310 51 deg 27 min N 3 deg 36 min E + 8 + 13 NL10047 VLISSINGEN NL10048 NL10049 06380 50 deg 55 min N 5 deg 46 min E + 114 + 116 NL10050 MAASTRICHT NL10051 NL10052 NL10053 H = height of the observation site above MSL. NL10054 Hz= height of the barometer above MSL. NL10055 NL10056 NL10057 NL10058 3.BASIC DATA AND METHOD OF OBSERVATION. NL10059 NL10060 3.1 General remarks. NL10061 NL10062 The climatological day is defined as the period between NL10063 00.01 and 24.00 h UT. NL10064 NL10065 The climatological normals have been based on hourly surface NL10066 observations and measurements and computations have been NL10067 done to daily, monthly and yearly values. NL10068 NL10069 Most weather parameters are available during the 30-year NL10070 period 1961 - 1990, exept global radiation, evaporation and NL10071 days with special phenomena, which are available during at NL10072 least 1971 - 1990; soil temperatures have been calculated NL10073 for one station for ten years: 1981 - 1990. Snow depth NL10074 data are not present. NL10075 NL10076 NL10077 3.2 Explanation to the parameters. NL10078 NL10079 3.2.1. Atmospheric pressure. NL10080 NL10081 The hourly measurements have been reduced to Mean Sea Level NL10082 (MSL). The height of the barometer above MSL has been noted NL10083 in Table I as Hz. Measurements have been done with mercury NL10084 and (electrical) aneroid barometers. NL10085 NL10086 3.2.2. Temperature NL10087 NL10088 Air temperature. NL10089 Hourly values of air temperatures have been used for NL10090 computation of daily means. Maximum and minimum temperatures NL10091 are related to the climatological day. NL10092 Air temperatures have been measured in a Stephenson Screen: NL10093 the height of the sensors are at 1.50 M above terrain. The NL10094 sensors used are the mercury and platinum resistance NL10095 thermometers. NL10096 NL10097 Soil temperatures are present just for station De Bilt during NL10098 10 years. Measurements are made at 06, 12, 18 and 24 h UT at a NL10099 depth of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cM. The instruments used are NL10100 the mercury and platinum resistance thermometers. NL10101 NL10102 3.2.3. Relative humidity. NL10103 NL10104 Hourly values of relative humidity have been calculated from NL10105 the psychrometer formula with dry and wet bulb temperatures NL10106 during the 1961-1970 period; from readings of hair hygrographs NL10107 during 1971-1980 and from measurements directly from electric NL10108 humidity sensors in the 1980- 1990 period. The measurements NL10109 are made in a screen at 1.50 M height. NL10110 NL10111 NL10112 3.2.4. Vapour pressure. NL10113 NL10114 This parameter was calculated from the relative humidity and NL10115 air temperature. NL10116 NL10117 3.2.5. Dewpoint temperature. NL10118 NL10119 The values of this parameter were calculated from other NL10120 humidity parameters and the air temperatures. NL10121 NL10122 3.2.6. Rainfall data were obtained from measurements once a NL10123 day at 8.00 h UT. The upper rim of the rain- gauges were sited NL10124 at 40 cM above the ground; the collection surface of the NL10125 funnel being 2 dm2. NL10126 NL10127 3.2.7. Evaporation has been calculated fron the Makkink NL10128 formula. Daily sums of evapotranspiration (in mm) were NL10129 obtained with daily mean temperatures and daily sums of global NL10130 radiation. Monthly and yearly normals are based on daily data. NL10131 Since global radiation is measured during less than 30 yaers, NL10132 the evapotranspiration normals are based on the analogous NL10133 number of years: at least 20. NL10134 NL10135 3.2.8. Global radiation measurements started in the 1960's. NL10136 The type of instrument being Moll-Gorczynski Pyranometer, NL10137 commonly referred to as the Kipp solarimeter. NL10138 Calibration has been done with reference to the World NL10139 Radiometric Reference (WRR). The height of the sensor above NL10140 terrain was not prescribed. NL10141 NL10142 3.2.9. Duration of sunshine (daily values). NL10143 NL10144 Hourly amounts has been read of Campbell-Stokes cards. NL10145 Adjustments were carried out with respect to the daily total. NL10146 NL10147 3.2.10. Total cloud amount (in octas) has been obtained from NL10148 hourly estimations. NL10149 Daily means are used as basis for calculations of the normals. NL10150 NL10151 3.2.11. Wind parameters has been obtained from cup anemometer NL10152 readings (hourly mean wind speed) and wind vanes measurements NL10153 (mean value of the wind direction during the last 10-minutes NL10154 of the hour). The sensors being placed at a height of 10 M NL10155 above the observation site. NL10156 Wind steadiness factor has been defined as the quotient of NL10157 vector wind speed and scalar speed. NL10158 Prevailing wind direction has been diverted from the frequency NL10159 tables of the wind direction. NL10160 NL10161 NL10162 3.2.12. Specific weather phenomena. NL10163 NL10164 These phenomena are fog, rainfall, snowfall, hail, thunder, NL10165 icing and wind with gale force. NL10166 A day is counted as a day with fog, rainfall,.......etc. if NL10167 this phenomena has been observed during at least one hour. NL10168 A day with snowfall is different from a day with snow lying. NL10169 Normals of snow lying days are not available. NL10170 NL10171 NL10172 4. Explanation to the tables. NL10173 NL10174 4.1 General. NL10175 NL10176 Daily means and daily sums are based on 24 hours, NL10177 running from 01.00 - 24.00 h UT. NL10178 NL10179 Small differences can occur between the monthly normals NL10180 summed to yearly values and the calculated yearly normal NL10181 values by the effect of rounding. NL10182 NL10183 NL10184 OS10001 OS10002 1961-1990 Climate Normals for Austria: OS10003 OS10004 For the WMO standard project we tried to distribute data on the OS10005 following quality level which was clarified within the tables: OS10006 OS10007 1. Complete data sets for the whole observation period 1961- OS10008 1990, if there were some smaller gaps data sets were OS10009 adjusted to 1961-1990. OS10010 OS10011 2. From stations with long-term series the homogenized sample OS10012 1961-1990 was chosen. This was the case for air temperature OS10013 and precipitation. OS10014 OS10015 3. For mean air temperature all normals are based on 24-hourly OS10016 means. OS10017 OS10018 Sea Level Pressure at station 11150: For the calculation of OS10019 1961-1990 normals a detailed study of meta data was carried out. OS10020 It turned out that there were several changes of barometer height OS10021 within that period. All those changes were taken into OS10022 consideration. OS10023 OS10024 PC10001 PC10002 PC10003 1961-1990 Normals - China PC10004 PC10005 CHINESE STATIONS -- NORMALS PC10006 PC10007 Data Document PC10008 PC10009 1. Station list and indication PC10010 1). Station list PC10011 PC10012 50527 4913N 11945E 6102H 6125HP Hailar PC10013 50745 4723N 12355E 1459H 1467HP Qiqihar PC10014 51076 4744N 8805E 7353H 7369HP Altai PC10015 51431 4357N 8120E 6625H 6634HP Yining PC10016 51463 4354N 8728E 6535H 6540HP Urumqi PC10017 51463 4347N 8737E 9179H 9187HP Urumqi PC10018 51709 3928N 7559E 12889H 12907HP Kashi PC10019 51777 3902N 8810E 8883H 8893HP Ruoqiang PC10020 51828 3708N 7956E 13746H 13747HP Hetan PC10021 52203 4249N 9331E 7369H 7388HP Hami PC10022 52533 3946N 9831E 14772H 14782HP Jiuquan PC10023 52836 3618N 9806E 31911H 31921HP Duian PC10024 52889 3603N 10353E 15172H 15183HP Lanzhou PC10025 53068 4339N 11158E 9647H 9659HP Erlian PC10026 53614 3829N 10613E 11114H 11127HP Yinchuan PC10027 53772 3747N 11233E 7779H 7794HP Taiyuan PC10028 54292 4253N 12928E 1768H 1782HP Yanji PC10029 54342 4146N 12326E 416H 433HP Shenyang PC10030 54511 3948N 11628E 540H 547HP Beijing PC10031 54857 3604N 12020E 760H 772HP Qingdao PC10032 55591 2940N 9108E 36487H 36501HP Lhasa PC10033 56137 3109N 9710E 33060H 33070HP Changdu PC10034 56294 3040N 10401E 5059H 5076HP Chengdu PC10035 56571 2754N 10216E 15907H 15988HP Xichang PC10036 56739 2507N 9830E 16546H 16550HP Tengchong PC10037 56778 2501N 10241E 18914H 18968HP Kunming PC10038 56986 2259N 10341E 14141H 14121HP Pingbian PC10039 57036 3418N 10856E 3969H 3980HP Xi'an PC10040 57083 3443N 11339E 1104H 1114HP Zhengzhou PC10041 57461 3042N 11118E 1331H 1343HP Yichang PC10042 57745 2727N 10941E 2722H 2729HP Zhijiang PC10043 57993 2551N 11457E 1238H 1247HP Ganzhou PC10044 58367 3110N 12126E 28H 70HP Shanghai PC10045 58606 2836N 11555E 467H 457HP Nanchang PC10046 58965 2503N 12113E 480H 480HP Taoyuan PC10047 59287 2308N 11319E 66H 76HP Guangzhou PC10048 59316 2324N 11641E 12H 35HP Shantou PC10049 59431 2249N 10821E 722H 727HP Nanning PC10050 59758 2002N 11021E 141H 149HP Haikou PC10051 PC10052 2). Indication: the latitudes and longitudes in above table were observed at PC10053 the end of 1990. N and E represent north latitude and east longitude PC10054 respectively. H and HP are observation site altitude and barometer height PC10055 above sea level (tenths of meters). PC10056 PC10057 2. Instrument installation height PC10058 PC10059 1). Air temperature 1.5m above surface PC10060 2). Water vapour pressure 1.5m above surface PC10061 3). Precipitation amount 0.7m above surface PC10062 4). Wind speed 10-12m (or 6-8m) above surface or platform PC10063 5). Sunshine duration 1.2m above surface PC10064 PC10065 3. Statistical items and methods for mean values in 1961-1990 PC10066 PC10067 1). Statistical item PC10068 PC10069 A Monthly (annual) mean sea level pressure PC10070 B Monthly (annual) mean air temperature PC10071 C Monthly (annual) extreme maximum air temperature PC10072 D Monthly (annual) extreme minimum air temperature PC10073 E Monthly (annual) sunshine duration PC10074 F Monthly (annual) mean water vapour pressure PC10075 G Monthly (annual) precipitation amount PC10076 H Monthly (annual) precipitation days (>1.0mm) PC10077 I Monthly (annual) mean wind speed PC10078 J Monthly (annual) mean maximum air temperature PC10079 K Monthly (annual) mean minimum air temperature PC10080 L Monthly (annual) quintile for precipitation amount PC10081 PC10082 2). Statistical method PC10083 PC10084 A Mean air temperature, water vapour pressure and wind speed were on the PC10085 average of (02, 08, 14, and 20 o'clock Beijing Local Time), and data PC10086 precisions are 0.1. PC10087 B Precipitation amount indicates the observation amount during 20 to 20 PC10088 o'clock next day. Data precision is 0.1. PC10089 C Mean maximum and minimum temperatures are the mean maximum and minimum PC10090 values during 20 to 20 o'clock next day. Data precisions are 0.1. PC10091 D Mean sea level pressure was calculated by using mean station pressure, PC10092 mean air temperature, and the elevation of barometer. Data precisions are PC10093 0.1. PC10094 PC10095 PK10001 PK10002 PK10003 1961-1990 Climate Normals for Pakistan PK10004 PK10005 PLAIN STATION: A plain station observatory whose PK10006 elevation above mean sea level is less PK10007 than 800 meters. Such observatories PK10008 report pressure reduced to Mean Sea PK10009 Level. PK10010 HILL STATION: A hill station observatory whose PK10011 elevation above mean sea level is greater PK10012 than 800 meters. Such observatories PK10013 report geopotential height of nearest PK10014 standard pressure level. All of Pakistan PK10015 hill stations report geopotential height PK10016 of 850 hpa level. PK10017 PK10018 PERIOD: PK10019 PK10020 For calculation of normals, data for the period 1961-1990 have been PK10021 used wherever available, averages have been calculated for the PK10022 period 1971-1990 and also for intermediate period as mentioned PK10023 under the column(PER). PK10024 PK10025 MISSING DATA: PK10026 PK10027 A. If the mean monthly values are available for less than 70 PK10028 percent of normals period and estimation of the missing data values PK10029 are not possible then its normals for the month has not been PK10030 calculated. Also if mean monthly values of an element of the same PK10031 month for 5 consecutive years are missing and estimation of monthly PK10032 values are not possible then the normals for the month has not been PK10033 calculated. PK10034 PK10035 B. In case of missing data, wherever interpolation is possible one PK10036 or more of the following methods were applied to find out a most PK10037 suitable and consistent estimated monthly/normal value of an PK10038 element :- PK10039 PK10040 a) Interpolation method PK10041 PK10042 b) Regression method PK10043 PK10044 c) Ratio adjustment method PK10045 PK10046 Note: Wherever an estimated value has been worked out, the PK10047 same has been shown by asterisk(*) mark. PK10048 PK10049 LIST OF METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS PK10050 WITH THEIR PK10051 GEOGRAPHICAL CO-ORDINATES AND ELEVATIONS PK10052 PK10053 INDEX STATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION PK10054 PK10055 PLAIN STATIONS PK10056 PK10057 41785 BADIN 24o 38' N 68o 54' E 0010 m PK10058 41678 BAHAWALNAGAR 29o 57' N 73o 15' E 0161 m PK10059 41768 CHHOR 25o 31' N 69o 47' E 0005 m PK10060 41624 DERA ISMAIL KHAN 31o 49' N 70o 55' E 0173 m PK10061 41765 HYDERABAD 25o 23' N 68o 25' E 0040 m PK10062 PK10063 41571 ISLAMABAD 33o 37' N 73o 06' E 0507 m PK10064 41715 JACOBABAD 28o 18' N 68o 28' E 0055 m PK10065 41598 JHELUM 32o 56' N 73o 43' E 0232 m PK10066 41756 JIWANI 25o 04' N 61o 48' E 0056 m PK10067 41780 KARACHI (AIRPORT) 24o 54' N 67o 08' E 0021 m PK10068 PK10069 41782 KARACHI (MANORA) 24o 48' N 66o 59' E 0002 m PK10070 41718 KHANPUR (PBO) 28o 39' N 70o 41' E 0087 m PK10071 41640 LAHORE(PBO) 31o 33' N 74o 20' E 0213 m PK10072 41675 MULTAN(PBO) 30o 12' N 71o 26' E 0122 m PK10073 41749 NAWABSHAH 26o 15' N 68o 22' E 0037 m PK10074 PK10075 41710 NOKKUNDI 28o 49' N 62o 45' E 0679 m PK10076 41760 ORMARA 25o 13' N 64o 37' E 0002 m PK10077 41746 PADIDAN 26o 51' N 68o 08' E 0046 m PK10078 41759 PASNI 25o 16' N 63o 29' E 0004 m PK10079 41530 PESHAWAR 34o 01' N 71o 35' E 0359 m PK10080 PK10081 41725 ROHRI/SUKKUR 27o 42' N 68o 54' E 0066 m PK10082 41600 SIALKOT 32o 30' N 74o 32' E 0251 m PK10083 41697 SIBBI 29o 33' N 67o 53' E 0133 m PK10084 PK10085 HILL STATIONS PK10086 PK10087 41536 BALAKOT 34o 23' N 73o 21' E 0980 m PK10088 41685 BARKHAN 29o 53' N 69o 43' E 1097 m PK10089 41506 CHITRAL 35o 51' N 71o 50' E 1499 m PK10090 41712 DALBANDIN 28o 53' N 64o 24' E 0848 m PK10091 41508 DIR 35o 12' N 71o 51' E 1369 m PK10092 PK10093 41515 DROSH 35o 34' N 71o 47' E 1464 m PK10094 41744 KHUZDAR 27o 50' N 66o 38' E 1231 m PK10095 41573 MURREE 33o 55' N 73o 23' E 2167 m PK10096 41739 PANJGUR 26o 58' N 64o 06' E 0980 m PK10097 41560 PARACHINAR 33o 52' N 70o 05' E 1725 m PK10098 PK10099 41660 QUETTA 30o 15' N 66o 53' E 1600 m PK10100 41620 ZHOB(PBO) 31o 21' N 69o 28' E 1405 m PK10101 PK10102 PL10001 PL10002 PL10003 PL10004 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management PL10005 PL10006 Climatological Normals PL10007 PL10008 for Poland PL10009 PL10010 1961 - 1990 PL10011 PL10012 PL10013 PL10014 Description of CLINO 1961-1990 for Poland. PL10015 PL10016 PL10017 PL10018 Enclosed report contains mean normal values for selected PL10019 climatic elements. Data examination, quality control and PL10020 calculation were made in Regional Department of Institute of PL10021 Meteorology and Water Management (IMWM) in Krakow, in Division PL10022 of Regional Meteorology by team directed by prof. dr Tadeusz PL10023 Niedzwiedz. The method of calculation was based on WMO PL10024 Publication : "Calculation of monthly and annual 30-years PL10025 normals", WCDP-No. 10, WMO-TD/No. 341, from March 1989 and PL10026 further WMO Guidance. PL10027 PL10028 The main sources of data were: PL10029 PL10030 Monthly Reports from meteorological stations in Central Archive PL10031 of IMWM in Warsaw, PL10032 PL10033 Meteorological Yearbooks 1961-1965, PL10034 PL10035 Files extracted from the Central Data Base of IMWM in Warsaw PL10036 1966-1990, covered daily data with time resolution every 3 h. PL10037 PL10038 Comment: Data for period 1961-1965 were calculated from 3 PL10039 fixed-hours of observations during the day: at 7, 13 and 21 PL10040 local time. Data for the period 1966-1990 were calculated from 8 PL10041 terms of observations: 00,03,06,09,12,15,18 and 21 GMT. Tested PL10042 differences between two methods in the mean monthly values are PL10043 generally lower than standard errors of the averages. PL10044 PL10045 For the territory of Poland 18 PL10046 regularly distributed stations were selected. Stations are PL10047 generally the same as for the period 1931-1960. Only station PL10048 12405 - Zgorzelec is missing. Instead the station 12150 - PL10049 Gdansk, due to the great reallocations and discontinuities, PL10050 another station was included: 12135 Hel. Two new mountain PL10051 stations were added: 12510 Sniezka, and 12650 Kasprowy Wierch. PL10052 PL10053 Comment: The mean temperatures Tm were computed according to PL10054 formula: period 1961-1965: Tm=(T07+T13+2*T21)/4 (observations PL10055 in mean local time); period 1966-1990: Tm=(T00+T06+T12+T18)/4 PL10056 (observations in GMT). PL10057 PL10058 Averages for other elements Em were computed according to PL10059 formula: period 1961-1965: Em=(E07+E13+E21)/3 (observations PL10060 in mean local time); period 1966-1990: PL10061 Em=(E00+E03+E06+E09+E12+E15+E18+E21)/8 (observations in GMT). PL10062 PL10063 Only averages for cloud amount for the whole 1961-1990 period PL10064 were calculated from 8 terms of observations per day. PL10065 PL10066 QR10001 QR10002 QR10003 Metadata info from Qatar for station, Doha International Airport (41170): QR10004 QR10005 Climatic elements based on 24 observations per day: QR10006 atmospheric pressure (reduced to msl) QR10007 air temperature QR10008 vapour pressure QR10009 mean wind speed QR10010 mean relative humidity QR10011 mean dew point QR10012 QR10013 Climatic elements based on 4 observations per day: QR10014 mean soil temperature, surface QR10015 mean soil temperature, 10cm QR10016 mean soil temperature, 30cm QR10017 QR10018 Climatic elements based on 1 observation per day: QR10019 mean soil temperature, 50cm QR10020 mean soil temperature, 100cm QR10021 QR10022 S110001 S110002 S110003 1961-1990 Normals from the Slovak Republic: S110004 S110005 Dear Colleagues, S110006 S110007 Enclosed we are sending you climatological data - normals S110008 for the period 1961 - 1990 from the stations at the territory of S110009 the Slovak Republic as follows: S110010 11903 Sliac S110011 11934 Poprad S110012 11858 Hurbanovo S110013 Station 11858 Hurbanovo (longitude 47o52', latitude 18o12', S110014 altitude 115m) has a long-term homogeneous observation series S110015 (since 1901) and represents a climate of the Central Europe and S110016 that is why we would like to include it into the WMO Publication. S110017 S110018 Daily means of all elements have been calculated at all mentioned S110019 stations from 3 observations per day, at 07, 14 and 21 h of the S110020 mean local time. Normals for all mentioned stations have been S110021 calculated from data which passed a quality checking: S110022 - by manual and computer checking S110023 - formal and logical checking S110024 - impossible values S110025 - exceeding of limits S110026 - inner consistency S110027 - by manual spatial checking S110028 S110029 We are looking forward on our next cooperation. S110030 S110031 Sincerely yours S110032 Dr. Pavol Pindjak S110033 Deputy Director for Climatology S110034 S110035 SC10001 SC10002 Seychelles International Airport, Republic of Seychelles SC10003 SC10004 For the wind direction vs wind speed frequencies... SC10005 SC10006 the frequencies for May are based on data from 1973-1990, with the SC10007 following missing data: SC10008 SC10009 May 1973 and 25 hours of data are missing; SC10010 SC10011 the frequencies for June are based on data from 1973-1990, with the SC10012 following missing data: SC10013 SC10014 8 days from this period are missing. SC10015 SN10001 SN10002 SMHI SN10003 Government Services Division SN10004 SN10005 Dear Sirs, SN10006 SN10007 Climatological Standard Normals (Surface Data) for 1961-1990 SN10008 Please find enclosed a diskette with above mentioned data for Sweden presented SN10009 as Excel-files and text-files (wind direction only as a text-file). SN10010 SN10011 Contents, unit (and, within brackets, corresponding file name) SN10012 1. Atmospheric pressure (reduced to mean sea level), hPa*10, (pres) SN10013 2. Air temperature, C*10, (meantemp) SN10014 3. Average daily maximum temperature, C*10, (dmeanxt) SN10015 4. Average daily minimum temperature, C*10, (dmeannt) SN10016 5. Average monthly maximum temperature, C*10, (mmeanxt) SN10017 6. Average monthly minimum temperature, C*10, (mmeannt) SN10018 7. Absolute monthly maximum temperature, C*10, (absmaxt) SN10019 8. Absolute monthly minimum temperature, C*10, (absmint) SN10020 9. Duration of sunshine, hour, (sundur) SN10021 10. Vapour pressure, hPa*10, (vappres) SN10022 11. Amount of precipitation, mm, (precip) SN10023 12. Number of days with precipitation 1.0 mm, day, (precday) SN10024 13. Wind speed, m/s*10, (windsp) SN10025 14-16. Frequency groups of precipitation, mm*10, (precquin) SN10026 1(6)-6(6). Frequency distribution of wind direction, %, (winddi) SN10027 SN10028 The figures refer to the page numbers of the prints. SN10029 SN10030 Stations (WMO-number, name, latitude, longitude, height in meters a s l) SN10031 SN10032 2080 Karesuando 6827'N 2230'E 327 SN10033 2196 Haparanda 65 50 24 09 5 SN10034 2127 Stensele 65 04 17 12 325 SN10035 2128 Gunnarn 64 58 17 42 280 SN10036 2227 stersund 63 10 14 40 345 SN10037 2226 stersund-Frsn 63 11 14 30 376 SN10038 2361 Hrnsand 62 38 17 57 8 SN10039 2366 Sundsvall A 62 32 17 27 4 SN10040 2418 Karlstad 59 22 13 28 55 SN10041 2485 Stockholm 59 20 18 03 52 SN10042 2001 Gteborg 57 42 11 59 4 SN10043 2512 Gteborg-Sve 57 47 11 53 20 SN10044 2551 Jnkping 57 46 14 11 98 SN10045 2550 Jnkping A 57 46 14 05 226 SN10046 2002 Visby 57 38 18 17 28 SN10047 2590 Visby A 57 40 18 21 51 Remarks on stations SN10048 stersund, Gteborg, Jnkping and Visby are no longer operated. Together SN10049 with Stensele, Hrnsand and Stockholm, which no longer are SYNOP-stations, SN10050 they are presented for continuity reasons. SN10051 SN10052 Missing data SN10053 SN10054 File Missing Stations SN10055 SN10056 pres 2127 Stensele, 2227 stersund, 2361 Hrnsand, 2001 Gteborg, SN10057 2551 Jnkping and 2002 Visby. SN10058 mmeanxt 2001 Gteborg and 2551 Jnkping. SN10059 mmeannt 2001 Gteborg and 2551 Jnkping. SN10060 absmaxt 2227 stersund, 2001 Gteborg, 2551 Jnkping, 2002 Visby. SN10061 absmint 2227 stersund, 2001 Gteborg, 2551 Jnkping, 2002 Visby. SN10062 sundur 2127 Stensele, 2128 Gunnarn, 2227 stersund, 2361 Hrnsand, SN10063 2512 Gteborg-Sve, 2551 Jnkping and 2002 Visby. SN10064 vappres 2227 stersund, 2001 Gteborg, 2551 Jnkping, 2002 Visby. SN10065 precday 2227 stersund, 2001 Gteborg, 2551 Jnkping, 2002 Visby. SN10066 windsp 2127 Stensele, 2227 stersund, 2361 Hrnsand, 2001 Gteborg, SN10067 2551 Jnkping, and 2002 Visby. SN10068 precquin 2227 stersund, 2001 Gteborg, 2551 Jnkping, 2002 Visby. SN10069 winddi 2127 Stensele, 2227 stersund, 2361 Hrnsand, 2001 Gteborg, SN10070 2551 Jnkping, and 2002 Visby. SN10071 SN10072 Sunshine duration (sundur) for Karesuando concerns Kiruna (6750'N, 2026'E, SN10073 408 m a s l) and for Haparanda Lulea (6533'N, 2208'E, 17 m a s l). For SN10074 Stensele/-Gunnarn there are no feasible sunshine data available. SN10075 SN10076 Wind speed (windsp) and wind direction(winddi) for Stockholm concern - SN10077 StockholmBromma (5921'N, 1757'E, 18 m a s l). SN10078 SN10079 Remarks on data and quality SN10080 SN10081 The monthly mean temperatures are calculated as weighted means of the SN10082 temperatures at 06, 12 and 18 UTC and daily maximum and minimum temperatures. SN10083 SN10084 The normals for the discontinued stations have been reduced to the whole SN10085 period 1961 - 1990. SN10086 SN10087 Data have been subjected to a homogeneity test showing a break in the record SN10088 from Hrnsand where temperature is 0.3 degrees lower as from 1973 and in SN10089 Jnkping A where the collected precipitation is 9 percent lower as from 1979. SN10090 SN10091 All data have been subjected to internal checks as well as various types of SN10092 tests against neighbouring stations. SN10093 SN10094 Your faithfully SN10095 SN10096 SN10097 SN10098 Ingemar Udin SN10099 SN10100 c.c. WMO Secretariat SN10101 SP10001 SP10002 DOCUMENTATION FOR 1961-90 NORMALS FILES FOR SPAIN (ESPANA): SP10003 SP10004 Note - When the number of years of data are less than 25, the SP10005 precipitation quintiles were calculated based on a gamma distribution SP10006 fit to the data, although the rest of the statistics (mean and extremes) SP10007 were from the data sample. SP10008 SP10009 Nota - Cuando el nmero de datos de la serie es menor de 25, los SP10010 quintiles de la precipitacin se han calculado a partir del ajuste SP10011 de los datos a una funcin de distribucin gamma, aunque el resto de SP10012 los estadsticos ( media y extremos ) son los muestrales. SP10013 SP10014 SR10001 SR10002 GOVERNMENT OF SINGAPORE SR10003 SR10004 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE SINGAPORE SR10005 SR10006 Dear Sirs SR10007 SR10008 PREPARATION, FOR PUBLICATION BY WMO, OF CLIMATOLOGICAL STANDARD SR10009 NORMALS FROM SELECTED STATIONS FOR THE PERIOD 1961 - 1990 SR10010 SR10011 I refer to WMO Secretary-General's letter reference M/CLC SR10012 dated 29 Oct 92 on the above subject. SR10013 SR10014 Attached are two tables of normals (of monthly means or SR10015 totals, as appropriate) of the elements/parameters listed below. SR10016 One table gives values based on data from Station No. 48698 for SR10017 the 10-year period 1981 - 1990. The other table gives values SR10018 based on the combined data for the 30-year period 1961 - 1990 SR10019 from Station No. 48694 (1961 - 1980) and Station No. 48698 SR10020 (1981 - 1990). Station No. 48694 (coordinates 122'N 10355'E) SR10021 was shifted to 48698 (coordinates 122'N 10359'E) in 1981. SR10022 SR10023 Yours faithfully SR10024 SR10025 TAN SUAN FOON SR10026 for PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF SINGAPORE SR10027 WITH WMO SR10028 SR10029 SW10001 SW10002 CLIMATOLOGICAL NORMALS FROM SWITZERLAND 1961 - 1990 : Information SW10003 ***************************************************************** SW10004 SW10005 1. Information about stations SW10006 ----------------------------- SW10007 SW10008 Data is supplied of the four following stations: SW10009 SW10010 Country Station name WMO-Region Latitude Longitude Elevation WMO-Block/Index Number SW10011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SW10012 SW10013 SW Switzerland Zuerich (town) VI 47 deg 23 min N 8 deg 34 min E 556m asl 06/660 SW10014 SW Switzerland Saentis VI 47 deg 15 min N 9 deg 21 min E 2490m asl 06/680 SW10015 SW Switzerland Geneve VI 46 deg 15 min N 6 deg 8 min E 420m asl 06/700 SW10016 SW Switzerland Lugano VI 46 deg 00 min N 8 deg 58 min E 273m asl 06/770 SW10017 SW10018 SW10019 2. Quality and processing information SW10020 ------------------------------------- SW10021 SW10022 a) Accumulation SW10023 SW10024 Station Parameter Period Accumulation | Parameter Period Accumulation SW10025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SW10026 | SW10027 Zuerich Precipitation 1961 - 1970 daily | Sunshine 1961 - 1980 daily SW10028 Precipitation 1971 - 1980 halfdaily| Sunshine 1981 - 1990 hourly SW10029 Precipitation 1981 - 1990 hourly | SW10030 | SW10031 Saentis Precipitation 1961 - 1970 daily | Sunshine 1961 - 1980 daily SW10032 Precipitation 1971 - 1980 halfdaily| Sunshine 1981 - 1990 hourly SW10033 Precipitation 1981 - 1990 hourly | SW10034 | SW10035 Geneve Precipitation 1961 - 1980 halfdaily| Sunshine 1961 - 1980 daily SW10036 Precipitation 1981 - 1990 hourly | Sunshine 1981 - 1990 hourly SW10037 | SW10038 Lugano Precipitation 1961 - 1970 daily | Sunshine 1961 - 1980 daily SW10039 Precipitation 1971 - 1980 halfdaily| Sunshine 1981 - 1990 hourly SW10040 Precipitation 1981 - 1990 hourly | SW10041 SW10042 SW10043 b) Frequency SW10044 SW10045 Station Parameter Period Frequency SW10046 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SW10047 SW10048 Zuerich Air pressure, temperature, relative humidity 1961 - 1980 3 Observations per day SW10049 Air pressure 1981 - 1990 24 Observations per day SW10050 Temperature, relative humidity 1981 - 1990 144 " SW10051 Maximum and minimum temperature 1961 - 1970 1 " SW10052 Maximum and minimum temperature 1971 - 1980 2 " SW10053 Maximum and minimum temperature 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10054 SW10055 Saentis Air pressure, temperature, relative humidity 1961 - 1980 3 Observations per day SW10056 Air pressure 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10057 Temperature, relative humidity 1981 - 1990 144 " SW10058 Maximum and minimum temperature 1961 - 1970 1 " SW10059 Maximum and minimum temperature 1971 - 1980 2 " SW10060 Maximum and minimum temperature 1981 - 1990 144 " SW10061 SW10062 Geneve Air pressure, temperature, relative humidity 1961 - 1980 8 Observations per day SW10063 Air pressure 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10064 Temperature, relative humidity 1981 - 1990 144 " SW10065 maximum and minimum temperature 1961 - 1980 2 " SW10066 maximum and minimum temperature 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10067 SW10068 Lugano Air pressure, temperature, relative humidity 1961 - 1980 3 Observations per day SW10069 Air pressure 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10070 Temperature, relative humidity 1981 - 1990 144 " SW10071 Maximum and minimum temperature 1961 - 1970 1 " SW10072 Maximum and minimum temperature 1971 - 1980 2 " SW10073 Maximum and minimum temperature 1981 - 1990 24 " SW10074 SW10075 SW10076 c) Method for computing quintiles SW10077 SW10078 Quintiles have been calculated from data for all stations. SW10079 SW10080 SW10081 d) Provisional normals SW10082 SW10083 No provisional normals. All data supplied are standard normals SW10084 SW10085 SW10086 e) Data completeness SW10087 SW10088 Data supplied are standard normals with no monthly values missing. SW10089 SW10090 SW10091 f) Homogeneity SW10092 SW10093 All data are homogenized to location, instruments and frequency of observation valid at 31.12.1990. SW10094 Plausibility-tests have been applied. Missing values were interpolated. SW10095 Daily means have been calculated by averaging all observations of one day. Since corrections were SW10096 applied for difference in number of observations per day, all daily means (and therefore also the SW10097 monthly values) can be regarded as 24-hour-means. SW10098 SW10099 SW10100 SW10101 3. Supplementary Information SW10102 ---------------------------- SW10103 SW10104 a) Barometer heights SW10105 SW10106 Station Barometer height SW10107 ----------------------------- SW10108 SW10109 Zuerich 569.3 m asl SW10110 Saentis 2500.1 m asl SW10111 Geneve 276.2 m asl SW10112 Lugano 416.0 m asl SW10113 SW10114 SW10115 b) Instruments SW10116 SW10117 Station Parameter Period Instrument type SW10118 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ SW10119 SW10120 Zuerich rel. humidity 1961 - 25. 7.1985 Hair hygrometer SW10121 26. 7.1985 - 1990 Dew-point hygrometer (THYGAN) SW10122 SW10123 Saentis rel. humidity 1961 - 10.10.1985 Hair hygrometer SW10124 11.10.1985 - 1990 Dew-point hygrometer (THYGAN) SW10125 SW10126 Geneve rel. humidity 1961 - 11. 2.1988 Hair hygrometer SW10127 12. 2.1988 - 1990 Dew-point hygrometer (THYGAN) SW10128 SW10129 Lugano rel. humidity 1961 - 22. 3.1988 Hair hygrometer SW10130 23. 3.1988 - 1990 Dew-point hygrometer (THYGAN) SW10131 SW10132 SW10133 c) Calculation of derived parameters SW10134 SW10135 Atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level, vapour pressure and dew-point are derived parameters. SW10136 The normals of these parameters have been calculated on the following basis: SW10137 SW10138 - atmospheric pressure: homogeneous daily means of temperature and homogeneous daily means of station SW10139 pressure. SW10140 Atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level has been calulated by a formula that takes into SW10141 account the virtual temperature of the fictious air column between station level and reducing level, SW10142 assuming a lapse rate of 0.65 deg Celcius / 100m. SW10143 SW10144 - vapour pressure and dew-point: homogeneous monthly means of rel. humidity an homogeneous monthly means SW10145 of temperature. SW10146 TJ10001 TJ10002 TJ10003 Notes for the 1961-1990 Normals for Jordan TJ10004 TJ10005 Ministry of Transport TJ10006 Meteorological Department TJ10007 TJ10008 Atmospheric pressure at M.S.L., vapour pressure, mean wind speed, wind TJ10009 frequencies, and cloud amount computed from three observations per day TJ10010 using the formula: (06+12+18)/3 TJ10011 TJ10012 TJ10013 UB10001 UB10002 M.A. BEKHIET UB10003 EGYPT NORMALS UB10004 REMARKS UB10005 ON UB10006 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA TABLES UB10007 UB10008 UB10009 Atmospheric Pressure: UB10010 UB10011 The monthly mean values of the daily atmospheric pressure UB10012 corrected to Mean Sea Level (M.S.L.) are the arithmetic means UB10013 over the month of their corresponding daily hourly values or of UB10014 the daily observations taken at the 8 synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, UB10015 09, 12, 15, 18, and 21 U.T.) The atmospheric pressure is UB10016 measured by mercury barometers installed indoors. M.S.L. is the UB10017 barometer reading corrected for the height of the barometer UB10018 cistern above or (below) the mean sea level at the station. UB10019 Corrections for index, temperature and latitude have been applied UB10020 to the barometer readings before reduction to M.S.L. UB10021 UB10022 Air Temperature. UB10023 UB10024 The monthly mean values of the maximum and of the minimum UB10025 air temperature are computed from their corresponding daily UB10026 routine values observed over the month. The maximum (mercury) UB10027 and the minimum (alcohol) thermometers are freely exposed in the UB10028 louvered screens with bulbs at a height of 160 to 170 centimeters UB10029 above the ground. The monthly mean values of the dry bulb air UB10030 temperature are the arithmetic means over the month of the UB10031 corresponding daily hourly values or the corresponding values at UB10032 the 8 synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, 18 and 21 U.T.) UB10033 The dry and wet bulb thermometers used are of the mercury type UB10034 and are freely exposed in sloping double roofed louvered screens UB10035 with their bulbs at a height of 140-150 centimeters above the UB10036 ground. UB10037 UB10038 Air Humidity: UB10039 UB10040 Before the year 1985, relative humidity (%), vapor pressure UB10041 (mm/Hg) and dew point (deg C), were derived from the dry and wet UB10042 bulb thermometer readings using Jellink's Psychrometer Tables UB10043 (Liepzing, 1911), no corrections for wind speeds or atmospheric UB10044 pressure were applied. New tables were used, since 1985, to UB10045 derive relative humidity (%), Vapor pressure (hPa), and dew point UB10046 (deg C). UB10047 UB10048 Monthly mean values of each element - relative humidity, UB10049 vapor pressure and dew point - are the arithmetic means over the UB10050 month of its corresponding daily hourly values, or of its UB10051 corresponding values at the 8 synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, 09, UB10052 12, 15, 18 and 21 U.T.). UB10053 UB10054 UB10055 UB10056 Rainfall: UB10057 UB10058 The monthly total rainfall is the total rainfall during the UB10059 month. The rainfall for a given day is the amount of rain which UB10060 has fallen during the 24 hours commencing at 0600 U.T. of that UB10061 day; when the amount of rain which has fallen is not large enough UB10062 to be measured (less than 0.1 mm) the term "Trace" is entered as UB10063 (Tr.). The amount of rainfall measured includes the water UB10064 equivalent of the rain water which has frozen after falling and UB10065 the water equivalent of solid precipitation, if any, such as UB10066 hail. UB10067 UB10068 The amount of rainfall is normally measured by ordinary rain UB10069 gauges. Some selected stations are also equipped with a UB10070 recording type of rain gauge. The rim of both types of gauges UB10071 are at a height of 90-100 centimeters above the ground. UB10072 UB10073 Mean Scaler Surface Wind Speed and Percentage Frequency of UB10074 Surface Wind Blowing within Specified Directions: UB10075 UB10076 The monthly mean surface wind speeds are the arithmetic UB10077 means over the month of the corresponding daily hourly values or UB10078 the corresponding values at the synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, 09, UB10079 12, 15, 18 and 21 U.T.). The mean hourly values of wind speed UB10080 and the corresponding mean hourly values of direction are taken UB10081 from the daily records of the surface wind instruments installed UB10082 at the station. The mean hourly values are extracted for every UB10083 hour of each day of the month and they refer to a period of 60 UB10084 minutes centered at the hour. UB10085 UB10086 The percentage frequencies of the surface wind blowing UB10087 within the specified ranges of direction (ranges for wind UB10088 direction are twelve ranges of 30 each, beginning with the range UB10089 (345-014) as being the true north) were calculated over the month UB10090 from their corresponding total monthly frequencies. UB10091 UB10092 The number in hours of "Variable" winds is the number of UB10093 cases when the surface wind showed no definite direction over the UB10094 period of the 60 minutes centered at the hour or when the wind UB10095 vane was sticking over that period due to the lightness of the UB10096 wind and not responding to the variation in wind direction; in UB10097 such cases the mean wind speed over this period is normally less UB10098 than 5 knots. The number in hours of "Calm" winds is the number UB10099 of cases where the surface wind has a mean speed of less than one UB10100 knot over that period whatever the mean wind direction over the UB10101 same period is. UB10102 UB10103 The instruments used for recording the surface wind are of UB10104 the Dines Pressure Tube Anemograph. UB10105 UB10106 Bright Sunshine Duration: UB10107 UB10108 The actual duration of bright sunshine for the month is the UB10109 sum of the actual daily bright sunshine durations. UB10110 UB10111 The duration of bright sunshine is measured by the Compbell UB10112 Stakes sunshine recorders which are suitably exposed. UB10113 UB10114 Cloud amount: UB10115 UB10116 The monthly mean values of the daily cloud amount is the UB10117 arithmetic mean over the month of the daily hourly values or of UB10118 the daily observation taken at the 8 synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, UB10119 09, 12, 15, 18 and 21 U.T.). Cloud amount is expressed in oktas. UB10120 UB10121 Days with Specified phenomenon: UB10122 UB10123 The days of occurrence of weather phenomena are those days UB10124 during which the phenomenon has occurred at any time between 0000 UB10125 and 2400 Local Time. UB10126 UB10127 UE10001 UE10002 UE10003 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UE10004 Ministry of Communications UE10005 Directorate General of Civil Aviation UE10006 UE10007 The synoptic stations in UAE have continuous data archival for 20 UE10008 years or less, hence climatic averages are computed considering UE10009 data up to end of December 1991 for the available continuous data UE10010 series. It is, therefore, suggested that this data (copy UE10011 enclosed) may be included in the proposed WMO publication. UE10012 UE10013 With Regards, UE10014 UE10015 MOHAMED YAHYA AL SUWEIDI, UE10016 Assistant Undersecretary UE10017 for Civil Aviation UE10018 and Permanent Representative UE10019 of UAE with WMO. UE10020 UE10021 UE10022 EXPLANATORY NOTES ON OBSERVATIONAL DATA UE10023 UE10024 NOTES: UE10025 UE10026 Evaporation at Sharjah International Airport measured by Standard Piche UE10027 Evaporimeters, other stations by Class A Pan. UE10028 UE10029 Sunshine at Abu Dhabi International Airport, Bateen, Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah UE10030 measured by Campbell stokes recorder, and at Sharjah by Vaisala Milos UE10031 Instrumentation. UE10032 UE10033 Solar Radiation at Bateen measured by Actinograph. Solar Radiation at Abuy UE10034 Dhabi Internatioal and Sharjah Airports measured by Kipps Solarimeter. UE10035 UE10036 PERIOD MEANS: UE10037 UE10038 Abu Dhabi International Airport based on data from 1982-1991. UE10039 Bateen Airport based on data from 1971-1991. UE10040 Dubai International Airport based on data from 1974-1991. UE10041 Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah International Airports based on data from 1977- UE10042 1991. UE10043 UE10044 OBSERVATIONS: UE10045 UE10046 All stations make routine hourly observations apart from Earth and Soil UE10047 temperatures which are 0600 UTC observations. Means Dry Bulb (D.B), Wet Bulb UE10048 (W.B), Relative Humidity, Wind speed, Pressure (QNH), Vapour Pressure, Total UE10049 Cloud are the means of the hourly values. Extreme Dry Bulb temperatures are UE10050 based on maximum and minimum records. Extreme Wet Bulb, Relative Humidity and UE10051 Vapour Pressure are based on the hourly values. Maximum daily (or monthly) UE10052 wind values are the highest 10 minute mean wind speed values during the day UE10053 (or month). (Except at Ras Al Khaimah were only the routine hourly UE10054 observations are used). Maximum daily (or monthly) Gusts are the highest UE10055 instantaneous peak wind speeds during the day (or month). (Except at Dubai UE10056 where the absolute 2 minute maximum values are used). UE10057 UE10058 UK10001 UK10002 UK10003 The observation frequency and calculation procedures for the United Kingdom UK10004 normals are summarized in the following narrative, from the publication: UK10005 UK10006 UK Climate and Rainfall Averages Memorandum No 10 UK10007 UK10008 Climate Normals (CLINO) for 1961 to 1990 UK10009 UK10010 (version: 14th June 1993) UK10011 UK10012 prepared by UK10013 UK10014 P Ampleford and E Spackman UK10015 UK10016 Observation Provision Branch UK10017 UK10018 Contents UK10019 UK10020 This document contains tables of Climatological Normals (CLINO) UK10021 prepared for the CLIMAT stations at the request of the World UK10022 Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The stations are those in UK10023 operation at January 1993 and the data are tabulated in form UK10024 similar to WMO No. 117. All the data in this document have been UK10025 compiled from Daily Observation made at 09UTC or referring to the UK10026 period 0900UTC to 0900UTC although at all the stations observations UK10027 are usually made every hour. UK10028 UK10029 The tabulated data are also available on a 3.5 inch diskette. UK10030 UK10031 Eddie Spackman, Met Office OP5 UK10032 UK10033 14th June 1993 UK10034 UK10035 C Crown Copyright 1993 UK10036 UK10037 UK10038 INTRODUCTION UK10039 UK10040 UK10041 The tables contain data for the following elements: UK10042 UK10043 - Atmospheric pressure (reduced to mean sea level) at 0900 UTC UK10044 - Air temperature (mean of maximum and minimum air temperature) UK10045 - Maximum air temperature for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10046 - Minimum air temperature for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10047 - Duration of sunshine for 0000 to 2400 UTC UK10048 - Vapour pressure at 0900 UTC UK10049 - Amount of precipitation for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10050 - Days of precipitation equal to or greater than 1.0 mm for 0900 UK10051 to 0900 UTC UK10052 - Mean wind speed for 0000 to 2400 UTC (see note no. 1) UK10053 - Maximum relative humidity (see note no. 2) UK10054 - Minimum relative humidity (see note no. 2) UK10055 - Dew point at 0900 UTC UK10056 - Snow depth at 0900 UTC UK10057 - Soil temperature at 30 cm at 0900 UTC UK10058 - Soil temperature at 100 cm at 0900 UTC UK10059 - Days of air frost UK10060 - Days of grass frost UK10061 - Days of precipitation equal to or greater than 0.2 mm for 0900 UK10062 to 0900 UTC UK10063 - Days of precipitation equal to or greater than 10.0 mm for 0900 UK10064 to 0900 UTC UK10065 - Days of snow falling for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10066 - Days of sleet of snow falling for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10067 - Days of hail for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10068 - Days of snow lying for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10069 - Days of thunder for 0900 to 0900 UTC UK10070 - Days of visibility less than 200 meters at 0900 UTC UK10071 - Days of visibility less than 1 km at 0900 UTC UK10072 - Days of visibility greater than 10 km at 0900 UTC UK10073 - Days of state of ground fry at 0900 UTC UK10074 - Days of state of ground moist at 0900 UTC UK10075 - Days of state of ground wet at 0900 UTC UK10076 - Total cloud cover at 0900 UTC UK10077 - Absolute maximum temperature for 30 year period UK10078 - Absolute minimum temperature for 30 year period UK10079 - Frequency groups of precipitation UK10080 UK10081 The data are also provided on 3.5 inch diskette in ASCII in the UK10082 same format. UK10083 UK10084 Data are not provided for the following elements: UK10085 UK10086 - Pan evaporation (no longer measured) UK10087 - Wind direction (prevailing) (not yet calculated) UK10088 - Vector wind direction (not yet calculated) UK10089 - Vector wind magnitude (not yet calculated) UK10090 - Wind steadiness (not yet calculated) UK10091 - 10 cm soil temperature (not recorded at any CLIMAT station) UK10092 - 20 cm soil temperature (not recorded at any CLIMAT station) UK10093 - 50 cm soil temperature (not recorded at any CLIMAT station) UK10094 - Solar radiation (not yet calculated) UK10095 - Frequency distribution of wind direction (not yet calculated) UK10096 UK10097 A dash is inserted in the tables if there are no data or UK10098 insufficient data to calculate averages. UK10099 UK10100 Documentation to explain the techniques used to calculate the UK10101 values and to describe the methods used for quality control will be UK10102 available later. UK10103 UK10104 Notes on data supplied UK10105 UK10106 1. All CLIMAT stations measure wind speed at an effective height UK10107 of 10 m. UK10108 UK10109 2. The mean maximum and minimum relative humidity values are UK10110 derived from equations using the mean vapor pressure at 0900 UTC UK10111 and the mean maximum and maximum air temperatures. UK10112 UK10113 3. Snow depth values at 0900 UTC are supplied instead of snowfall UK10114 values, which are not available at any of the CLIMAT stations. UK10115 UK10116 4. Discrepancies may occur between the sum of individual values UK10117 within tables and totals due to rounding. UK10118 UK10119 UK10120 UK10121 NOTES ON METHODS OF CALCULATION UK10122 UK10123 Daily means are based on one observation per day as given in the UK10124 table of Elements. UK10125 UK10126 The Air Temperature is calculated as the mean of the Maximum UK10127 Temperature and the Minimum Temperature. UK10128 UK10129 In general, there are few missing data for these stations. UK10130 UK10131 Missing Daily values have normally been estimated if there are 5 or UK10132 fewer missing values in the month with not more than 3 in UK10133 succession. UK10134 UK10135 Missing Monthly values have been estimated for months with more UK10136 than 3 yearly values missing in the period of 30 years for UK10137 Temperature variables and Sunshine. UK10138 UK10139 In the case of Precipitation, values have been estimated for all UK10140 missing months. UK10141 UK10142 Calculations have been made on quality controlled data. UK10143 UK10144 Homogeneity test have been performed at various times on data from UK10145 the stations. It is planned to repeat these checks again to UK10146 include all data up to 1990 as part of the compilation of the UK UK10147 Climate Averages. Details of these checks will be made available UK10148 when they are available. UK10149 UK10150 Data have not been "adjusted" to correct inhomogeneities in these UK10151 data. UK10152 UK10153 UK20001 UK20002 STATIONS UK20003 UK20004 Data are provided for the stations given in the following table: UK20005 UK20006 WMO NAME WMO NO. LAT LONG ALT YEAR OPENED UK20007 ___________________________________________________________________ UK20008 UK20009 Lerwick 03005 6008N 0111W 82 1939 UK20010 Stornoway 03026 5813N 0619W 15 1873 UK20011 Kinloss 03066 5739N 0344W 5 1951 UK20012 Aberdeen UK20013 - Dyce 03091 5712N 0212W 65 1942 UK20014 Tiree 03100 5630N 0653W 9 1926 UK20015 Edinburgh UK20016 - Turnhouse 03160 5557N 0321W 35 1947 UK20017 Eskdalemuir 03162 5519N 0312W 242 1908 UK20018 Leeming 03257 5418N 0132W 32 1965 UK20019 Valley 03302 5315N 0432W 10 1941 UK20020 Manchester UK20021 - Ringway 03334 5321N 0216W 69 1941 UK20022 Waddington 03377 5310N 0031W 68 1946 UK20023 Aberporth 03502 5208N 0434W 133 1941 UK20024 Birmingham UK20025 - Elmdon 03534 5227N 0144W 98 1949 UK20026 Cardiff UK20027 - Rhoose 03715 5124N 0312W 65 1954 UK20028 Lyneham 03740 5130N 0159W 145 1945 UK20029 London UK20030 - Gatwick 03776 5109N 0011W 59 1938 UK20031 Manston 03797 5121N 0121E 44 1961 UK20032 Plymouth UK20033 - Mount Batten03827 5021N 0407W 27 1920 UK20034 Bournemouth UK20035 - Hurn 03862 5047N 0150W 10 1951 UK20036 Belfast UK20037 - Aldergrove 03917 5439N 0613W 68 1926 UK20038 UK20039 Notes: UK20040 UK20041 1. All stations have data for 1961-90 with the the following exceptions: UK20042 a. At Waddington, averages could only be calculated using about UK20043 7 years of data at the time these averages were worked. UK20044 Estimates were made for missing monthly values. UK20045 [Updated values for the whole period will be provided when UK20046 available.] UK20047 b. At Leeming, averages are based on data for 25 years with UK20048 estimates made for missing monthly values. UK20049 c. At Elmdon, averages are based on data for 28 years. UK20050 2. The altitude of the station at Stornoway was 3m from 1961 to 1972. UK20051 UK20052 US10001 US10002 US10003 U.S.A CONTRIBUTION US10004 TO THE W.M.O. US10005 1961-90 GLOBAL STANDARD NORMALS US10006 US10007 This document describes the data type, observational frequency, quality US10008 control procedures, and computational procedures associated with the production US10009 of the climatic elements submitted by the United States to the 1961-90 WMO US10010 global standard normals project. US10011 US10012 US10013 CLIMATIC ELEMENTS: US10014 US10015 The following table lists the climatic elements, data type, and US10016 observational frequency for the United States contribution to the 1961-90 WMO US10017 global standard normals. US10018 US10019 TABLE 1. US10020 US10021 ELEMENT DATA TYPE OBSERVATIONAL FREQUENCY US10022 US10023 maximum temperature monthly data monthly means of daily observations US10024 minimum temperature monthly data monthly means of daily observations US10025 mean temperature monthly data average of normal maximum and minimum US10026 temperatures US10027 extreme daily maximum daily data daily observations (midnight to US10028 and minimum midnight; 00-24 LST) US10029 temperatures US10030 monthly mean and hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10031 standard deviation of US10032 wet bulb temperature US10033 monthly mean and hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10034 standard deviation of US10035 dew point temperature US10036 monthly mean relative hourly data 3-hourly observations US10037 humidity (00, 03, 06, US10038 09, 12, 15, 18, 21 UTC) US10039 total precipitation monthly data monthly totals of daily observations US10040 precipitation quintiles monthly data monthly totals of daily observations US10041 extreme daily daily data daily observations (midnight to US10042 precipitation amount midnight; 00-24 LST) US10043 total snowfall monthly data monthly totals of daily observations US10044 extreme daily snowfall daily data daily observations (midnight to US10045 amount midnight; 00-24 LST) US10046 mean monthly atmospheric hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10047 pressure (reduced to US10048 sea level) US10049 mean monthly wind speed hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10050 prevailing wind hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10051 direction US10052 wind direction hourly data eight 3-hourly observations US10053 frequencies US10054 monthly number of monthly data monthly totals of daily observations US10055 hours of sunshine US10056 mean monthly cloud monthly data monthly means of daily (sunrise to US10057 cover sunset) observations US10058 monthly number of days daily data daily observations (midnight to US10059 with temperatures above midnight; 00-24 LST) US10060 or below thresholds US10061 monthly number of days daily data daily observations (midnight to US10062 with precipitation midnight; 00-24 LST) US10063 equal to or greater US10064 than 1.0 mm US10065 monthly number of days daily data hourly observations US10066 with thunderstorms, US10067 rain or drizzle, US10068 freezing rain or freezing US10069 drizzle, snow or hail, US10070 fog or mist, smoke or haze, US10071 blowing snow, dust storm or sandstorm US10072 US10073 US10074 US10075 QUALITY CONTROL OF THE DATA AND COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES: US10076 US10077 US10078 1) Normal Monthly Total Precipitation, Precipitation Quintiles, and Maximum, US10079 Minimum, and Mean Temperature US10080 US10081 US10082 Two types of stations were processed in the U.S. normals: (i) First Order US10083 and Second Order Stations, and (ii) Cooperative Stations. First and Second US10084 Order Stations are generally located at airports and are operated by National US10085 Weather Service or Federal Aviation Administration personnel. Hourly aviation US10086 observations are taken 24 hours per day. Stations that are part of the US10087 Cooperative Station Network are operated by volunteer observers who take US10088 observations once per day, generally daily maximum and minimum temperature and US10089 precipitation. US10090 US10091 Monthly normals were computed for as many stations as practical. In order US10092 to be included, a station had to have at least 10 years of monthly temperature US10093 data and 10 years of monthly precipitation data from the period 1961-90. The US10094 precipitation and temperature normals submitted to the WMO global normals US10095 project, as discussed in this section, were a subset of the monthly station US10096 normals issued in the publication, CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 81: US10097 MONTHLY STATION NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AND HEATING AND COOLING US10098 DEGREE DAYS 1961-1990 (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1992). US10099 US10100 The maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation for all days in a US10101 month were averaged (for temperature) or summed (for precipitation) to compute a US10102 monthly mean maximum or minimum temperature and monthly total precipitation for US10103 each month and each year in the 1961-90 period. These monthly values were then US10104 processed, as described below. US10105 US10106 The data record should be consistent (have no changes in location, US10107 instruments, observation practices, etc.; these are identified here as "exposure US10108 changes") and have no missing values so a normal will reflect the actual average US10109 climatic conditions. If any significant exposure changes have occurred, the US10110 data record is said to be "inhomogeneous" and the normal may not reflect a true US10111 climatic average. Such data need to be adjusted to remove the nonclimatic US10112 inhomogeneities. The resulting (adjusted) record is then said to be US10113 "homogeneous" (WMO, 1989). If no exposure changes have occurred at a station, US10114 the normal was calculated simply by averaging the appropriate 30 values from the US10115 1961-90 record. US10116 US10117 To address the inhomogeneity problem, the normals methodology involved the US10118 following four steps: (i) estimate missing data; (ii) adjust First Order US10119 stations with inhomogeneous records; (iii) calculate the average monthly values; US10120 then (iv) convert the temperature averages to the station's official normal, US10121 which is valid for the current (as of December 1990) observation time. US10122 US10123 Neighboring stations were used to estimate missing data. For US10124 precipitation, missing values were estimated by averaging the precipitation US10125 values from the four nearest neighbors having data for the month in question. US10126 The neighboring stations included First Order and Cooperative stations that were US10127 within a 48.3 km (30-mile) radius of the station being estimated. US10128 US10129 For temperature, the nearest 40 neighboring stations were examined and US10130 their temperature variations were compared to the temperature variations at the US10131 station for which the normals were being calculated (the candidate station). Of US10132 these, a pool of 20 neighbors that had the highest correlation with the US10133 candidate station were used to estimate the candidate station's missing US10134 temperature value. The estimate was calculated using a weighted average of the US10135 values from these neighboring stations. The neighboring stations included US10136 stations that were part of the Historical Climatology Network (HCN; see Karl, et US10137 al., 1990). US10138 US10139 The method used to adjust for inhomogeneities is based on the HCN US10140 methodology outlined by Karl and Williams (1987). This technique involves US10141 comparing the record of the candidate station to the records of neighboring US10142 stations. A neighboring station was not used if its record did not cover the US10143 same time period as the candidate station. The underlying assumption behind US10144 such a methodology is that variations in average weather have similar tendencies US10145 over a region. For example, cold winters at a candidate station usually occur US10146 simultaneously at its neighboring stations. If this assumption is violated, US10147 then there will be a systematic difference between the stations which will show US10148 up as temperature differences (or precipitation ratios) that do not follow the US10149 expected statistical pattern. Acceptance of this methodology allows the use of US10150 certain well-defined statistical techniques to make the adjustments. US10151 US10152 Inhomogeneities in the candidate station's record were determined by US10153 examining the location, instrument, and observation history of the station. US10154 US10155 After the periods of inhomogeneity were determined, adjustments were US10156 applied to remove the biases. The adjustments were determined using the US10157 following criteria. Neighboring stations were found which had homogeneous data US10158 records that covered the time period of the candidate station's inhomogeneous US10159 period. If the candidate station and a neighbor had a reasonably high US10160 correlation (r squared greater than 0.6) of monthly anomalies for the period in US10161 question, then the established homogeneous neighboring station was used to US10162 assess the impact of the candidate station's discontinuity. The part of the US10163 data record before the discontinuity was statistically compared to the part US10164 after the discontinuity. The Student's t-test was used for the temperature US10165 differences, while the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for the US10166 precipitation ratios. If the statistical test indicated that the two parts of US10167 the candidate station's record were significantly different, then the earlier US10168 part of the record was adjusted (further details, with examples, can be found in US10169 Karl and Williams, 1987). After all exposure changes at the candidate station US10170 were corrected, the normal was estimated by averaging the appropriate 30 values US10171 from the 1961-90 adjusted record. If none of the neighboring stations had a US10172 sufficiently high correlation, then no adjustment was made. The climatological US10173 elements (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) were US10174 adjusted separately. US10175 US10176 Exposure change adjustments were made to First Order stations in the Lower US10177 48 States, but not to the stations in Alaska, Hawaii, or U.S. possessions US10178 because of the lack of a sufficient number of neighboring stations. The US10179 neighboring stations used in the adjusting procedure included stations from the US10180 Cooperation Station Network. No exposure change adjustments were made to the US10181 Cooperative Stations due partly to a lack of adequate computerized station US10182 history information, but also because a Cooperative Station's identity changes US10183 (according to National Weather Service standards) when significant moves occur US10184 (generally at least 8 km {5 miles} horizontally or 30.5 meters {100 feet} in US10185 elevation, subject to the judgement of the National Weather Service Cooperative US10186 Program Manager). US10187 US10188 Comparison of temperature data between stations works best if all of the US10189 stations involved have the same observational schedule. This is generally true US10190 for First Order Stations which use the calendar day (midnight) observation time. US10191 Unfortunately, some Cooperative Stations have an observation time in the US10192 morning, some in the afternoon, some in the evening, and some at midnight, and US10193 this introduces a nonclimatic bias into the record. For an explanation of this US10194 bias, see Karl et al. (1986). To make the data reflect a consistent US10195 observational schedule, the adjustment technique developed by Karl et al. (1986) US10196 was used to determine midnight observation time adjustment factors to convert US10197 the maximum and minimum temperature data for all appropriate stations to a US10198 midnight-to-midnight schedule, thus removing the time of observation bias. No US10199 adjustments were made to stations in Alaska, Hawaii, or U.S. possessions because US10200 of the lack of a sufficient number of neighboring stations. The precipitation US10201 data were not adjusted for observation time. US10202 US10203 The monthly normals for maximum and minimum temperature were computed as US10204 described above. The monthly average temperature normals were computed by US10205 averaging the corresponding maximum and minimum normals. The annual temperature US10206 normals were calculated by taking the average of the 12 monthly normals. The US10207 annual precipitation normals were calculated by adding the 12 monthly normals. US10208 US10209 The precipitation quintiles were computed from the monthly precipitation US10210 record using a gamma distribution model. US10211 US10212 US10213 US10214 2) Monthly Snowfall; Wet Bulb and Dew Point Temperatures; Relative Humidity; US10215 Atmospheric Pressure; Wind; Sunshine; Cloud Cover; Number of Days With US10216 Elements; and Extreme Daily Temperatures, Precipitation, and Snowfall US10217 US10218 US10219 Normals for these elements were computed for First Order and Second Order US10220 Stations from hourly or daily observations, as indicated in Table 1 above. US10221 US10222 The quality control of the input data consisted of two steps. The first US10223 step was the validation that is part of the operational keying of the data into US10224 the data base archive. The second step involved manual and automated US10225 examination of the data for the selected normals stations. In this second step, US10226 the same procedure was followed for hourly data and daily data. An array US10227 printout, which shows the frequency of occurrences along the entire range of US10228 observed values, was visually examined, with outliers being identified and US10229 flagged. If an outlier was determined to be questionable, then it was deleted US10230 from the analysis. A general knowledge of potential extremes as well as the US10231 individual station's climatology provided guidance in this process. A file, US10232 which is a list of threshold values at both the upper and lower extremes US10233 revealed by the visual array process, was then created and used in the next US10234 (automated) step. This threshold file was used to filter the hourly or daily US10235 data, with values beyond the thresholds being deleted. US10236 US10237 For the wind, atmospheric pressure, dew point temperature, and wet bulb US10238 temperature elements, the monthly normals were based on data which were a US10239 combination of the 3-hourly observations taken at 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, 18, US10240 and 21 UTC. During any given day of the 1961-90 period, if the data from any of US10241 these 3-hourly observation times were missing, then the data for that day were US10242 not used. This procedure assured that the normals would not be biased toward US10243 any particular time of day. For each month of each year, the data were US10244 processed to prepare sums of the observed data, sums of the squares of the US10245 observed data, and counts of the number of days with data. For each of the 12 US10246 calendar months, these totals were summed across all available years in the US10247 1961-90 period to create period totals of monthly sums of the observed data US10248 (SUMX), monthly sums of the squares of the observed data (SUMXSQUARED), and US10249 monthly counts of the number of days with data (N). Normals of monthly means US10250 were computed by dividing SUMX by N. US10251 US10252 For wet bulb and dew point temperatures, monthly standard deviations were US10253 computed from the SUMX, SUMXSQUARED, and N quantities. US10254 US10255 For relative humidity, the data from the eight 3-hourly observation times US10256 were not combined; normals of monthly means were computed separately for each of US10257 the 3-hourly observation times. US10258 US10259 For wind, the SUMX and N quantities were tallied for each direction of a US10260 16-point compass and for all directions combined. For each month, the direction US10261 having the greatest count (N) was identified as the prevailing direction. In US10262 the unlikely event of two or more directions having the greatest (equal) count, US10263 the counts from the two adjoining directions were added to the respective US10264 tallies. If this did not break the tie, then the procedure was repeated to a US10265 maximum extent of three adjoining directions on either side. The annual US10266 prevailing wind direction was determined as outlined above (i.e., as outlined US10267 for the months) after combining the aggregate frequency counts from all 12 US10268 calendar months. US10269 US10270 For wind speed, for each year, the monthly wind speed sum (SUMX) and US10271 frequency count (N) for all wind directions were summed. The mean wind speed US10272 for the month was computed by dividing this all-direction SUMX by the all- US10273 direction N. The mean monthly wind speed for the month was then adjusted for US10274 anemometer height and surface terrain roughness to a reference height of ten US10275 meters (32.81 feet) using equation 30 in Table VIII of Sevruk (1982). The US10276 monthly normal mean values were computed by summing the corresponding monthly US10277 values from all years in the normals period, then dividing by the number of US10278 years of data. US10279 US10280 For monthly snowfall, for each month of each year in the 1961-90 period, US10281 the daily snowfall values were summed to compute a monthly total snowfall value. US10282 For each of the 12 calendar months, the mean, median, and first and third US10283 quartiles were computed from the monthly snowfall values. US10284 US10285 For the extreme daily temperatures, precipitation, and snowfall, the values US10286 presented are the extremes from the period January 1, 1961 through December 31, US10287 1990. US10288 US10289 For the number of days with temperature or precipitation beyond the US10290 indicated thresholds, for any given year and month, the monthly value was not US10291 computed from the daily values (the month was considered missing) if (i) five or US10292 more consecutive daily values were missing or (ii) eleven or more daily values US10293 in total in the month were missing. If a month had a few missing days but still US10294 had sufficient days to be included in the analysis, then the number of days US10295 tallies were pro-rated by a factor consisting of the ratio of the number of days US10296 possible in the month divided by the number of days in the month with non- US10297 missing data. The monthly normal mean values were computed by summing the US10298 corresponding monthly values from all years in the normals period, then dividing US10299 by the number of years of data. The annual normal values were computed by US10300 summing the monthly normal values. US10301 US10302 For the number of days with the indicated weather elements, the weather US10303 element occurred during the day if it was observed during any hour of the day. US10304 For any given year and month, the monthly value (count) was considered missing US10305 if a total of eleven or more days in the month were missing. If a month had a US10306 few missing days but still had sufficient days to be included in the analysis, US10307 then the number of days tallies were pro-rated by a factor consisting of the US10308 ratio of the number of days possible in the month divided by the number of days US10309 in the month with non-missing data. The monthly normal mean values were US10310 computed by summing the corresponding monthly values from all years in the US10311 normals period, then dividing by the number of years of data. The annual normal US10312 values were computed by summing the monthly normal values. US10313 US10314 The normal values are provisional normals if (i) the input data values for US10315 any given month were missing for three or more consecutive years, or (ii) for US10316 any given month more than five years in total had missing input data. The US10317 normal values are considered standard normals only if all twelve calendar months US10318 passed the above criteria. US10319 US10320 For each element, the number of years with non-missing data for each of the US10321 12 calendar months was also provided. US10322 US10323 US10324 US10325 REFERENCES: US10326 US10327 Karl, T.R., and C.N. Williams, Jr., 1987: "An approach to adjusting US10328 climatological time series for discontinuous inhomogeneities," Journal of US10329 Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 26, pp. 1744-1763. US10330 US10331 Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., F.T. Quinlan, and T.A. Boden, 1990: "United US10332 States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Serial Temperature and US10333 Precipitation Data," Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences US10334 Division Publication No. 3404 (ORNL/CDIAC-30, NDP-019/R1), 377 pages. US10335 US10336 Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., P.J. Young, and W.M. Wendland, 1986: "A model US10337 to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean US10338 maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures for the United States," Journal of US10339 Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 25, pp. 145-160. US10340 US10341 Sevruk, B., 1982: "Methods of correction for systematic error in point US10342 precipitation measurement for operational use." Operational Hydrology US10343 Report No. 21, WMO-No. 589, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, US10344 Switzerland, pp. 13-15. US10345 US10346 United States Department of Commerce, 1992: Climatography of the United States US10347 No. 81: Monthly Station Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating US10348 and Cooling Degree Days 1961-1990 (published by State). National Oceanic US10349 and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, US10350 North Carolina. US10351 US10352 World Meteorological Organization, 1989: "Calculation of monthly and annual 30- US10353 year standard normals." Prepared by a meeting of experts, Washington, US10354 D.C., March 1989. WCDP-No. 10, WMO-TD/No. 341, Geneva, Switzerland. US10355 US10356 VN10001 VN10002 VN10003 Metadata for the 1961-1990 normals from Venezuela: VN10004 VN10005 Values based on 6-hourly observations: VN10006 VN10007 (6h+12h+18h+24h)/4 VN10008 VN10009 for: VN10010 mean station atmospheric pressure VN10011 mean temperature VN10012 mean relative humidity VN10013 mean cloud cover VN10014 mean wind speed VN10015 VN10016 VN10017 VENEZUELA STATION HISTORIES VN10018 VN10019 "CORO" VN10020 VN10021 STATION #80403 WAS INITIATED AS A RECORDING RAIN GAGE IN JANUARY VN10022 1921. IN JANUARY 1939 IT WAS INSTALLED AS A CLIMATOLOGICAL VN10023 STATION AND WAS LOCATED AT THE ARMY DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS. ON VN10024 AUGUST 5, 1949, IT WAS RELOCATED AS A SYNOPTIC STATION AT THE VN10025 AIRPORT (IN THAT CITY), 1.5km NORTH OF THE OLD STATION. IN 1955 VN10026 IT WAS RELOCATED ABOUT 200m TOWARD THE WEST. THE OBSERVATIONS VN10027 WERE CORRECTED. IT WAS RELOCATED ANEW, IN AUGUST 1985, AT THE VN10028 HEAD OF THE RUNWAY. THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS 17msNM. VN10029 VN10030 VN10031 "MARACAIBO" VN10032 VN10033 STATION #80407 STARTED IN 1931 AS A RECORDING RAIN GAGE (WITH A VN10034 NEARBY STATION, YOU CAN EXTEND THE RECORD AS FAR BACK AS 1911). VN10035 IN 1938 THE CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS WERE STARTED, LOCATED AT VN10036 THE ARMY DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS. BEGINNING WITH AUGUST 14, 1949 A VN10037 SYNOPTIC STATION WAS ESTABLISHED, WHICH WAS RELOCATED IN 1958 AT VN10038 THE GRANO DE ORO AIRPORT, SOME 300m WEST OF THE OLD STATION. THE VN10039 HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER WAS 49msNM. IN 1972 THE STATION WAS VN10040 TRANSFERRED TO LA CHINITA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AT 10 DEGREES VN10041 34'N AND 71 DEGREES 44'W. THE DATA WERE CORRECTED BY VN10042 SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS AT BOTH AIRPORTS. THE HEIGHT OF THE VN10043 BAROMETER IS 66msNM. VN10044 VN10045 VN10046 "BARQUISIMETO" VN10047 VN10048 STATION #80410 STARTED WITH RECORDING RAIN GAGE OBSERVATIONS VN10049 BEGINNING IN 1921 AND CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN 1938 AT THE VN10050 ARMY DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS AND WAS RELOCATED IN AUGUST 1, 1949 AS VN10051 A SYNOPTIC STATION AT THE AIRPORT. THE DATA WERE CORRECTED. THE VN10052 FIELD OF OBSERVATIONS UNDERWENT 3 SMALL MODIFICATIONS. THE VN10053 HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS 614msNM. VN10054 VN10055 VN10056 "MARACAY" VN10057 VN10058 STATION #80413 FUNCTIONING SINCE 1938 AS A CLIMATOLOGICAL STATION VN10059 (DATA FROM A RECORDING RAIN GAGE FROM A DISTANCE OF 300m DATING VN10060 FROM THE 1911) WAS LOCATED AT THE ARMY DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS. IN VN10061 FEBRUARY 1, 1949 IT WAS RELOCATED AS A SYNOPTIC STATION AT THE VN10062 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE HEADQUARTERS. IN DECEMBER 1955 IT WAS VN10063 TRANSFERRED TO THE MARISCAL SUCRE AIR BASE, LATITUDE 10 DEGREES VN10064 15'N AND LONGITUDE 67 DEGREES 30'W. THE DATA WAS CORRECTED BY VN10065 SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS 437 VN10066 msNM. VN10067 VN10068 VN10069 "CARACAS-MAIQUETIA" VN10070 VN10071 STATION #80415 WAS ESTABLISHED IN JULY 26,1949 AS A SYNOPTIC VN10072 STATION, LOCATED ON THE TERRACE OF THE OLD BUILDING AT THE SIMON VN10073 BOLIVAR INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN MAIQUETIA. THE STATION WAS VN10074 RELOCATED IN FEBRUARY 1955 SOME 150m TOWARDS THE EAST. THE VN10075 OBSERVATIONS WERE CORRECTED. THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS VN10076 48msNM. VN10077 VN10078 VN10079 "CARACAS-LA CARLOTA" VN10080 VN10081 STATION #80416 WAS ESTABLISHED AS A SYNOPTIC STATION ON DECEMBER VN10082 1,1963 AT LA CARLOTA AIRPORT, EAST OF THE CITY. VN10083 THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS 835msNM. VN10084 VN10085 VN10086 "BARCELONA" VN10087 VN10088 STATION #80419 WAS ESTABLISHED AS A SYNOPTIC STATION AT THE VN10089 AIRPORT. THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IS 7msNM. VN10090 VN10091 VN10092 "QUIRIA" VN10093 VN10094 STATION #80423 WAS ESTABLISHED AS A CLIMATOLOGICAL STATION IN VN10095 JANUARY 1939 AT THE PLAZA BOLIVAR IN THE CENTER OF THE CITY AND VN10096 BEGINNING WITH JULY 29,1949 THEY WERE CARRIED-OUT AS SYNOPTIC VN10097 OBSERVATIONS. IN MAY 31,1981 IT WAS RELOCATED AT THE AIRPORT, VN10098 SOME 500m SOUTHWEST OF THE OLD STATION. THE OBSERVATIONS WERE VN10099 CORRECTED. BAROMETER HEIGHT IS 14msNM. VN10100 VN10101 VN10102 "MENE GRANDE" VN10103 VN10104 STATION #80425 WAS ESTABLISHED AS A CLIMATOLOGICAL STATION IN VN10105 JANUARY 1959 AND RECLASSIFIED ON MARCH 10,1966 AS A SYNOPTIC VN10106 STATION. BAROMETER HEIGHT IS 28msNM. VN10107 VN10108 VN10109 "ACARIGUA" VN10110 VN10111 STATION #80427 WAS ESTABLISHED IN JANUARY 16,1970 AS A SYNOPTIC VN10112 STATION AT THE AIRPORT. BAROMETER HEIGHT IS 226msNM. VN10113 VN10114 VN10115 "GUANARE" VN10116 VN10117 STATION #80428 WAS ESTABLISHED IN JANUARY 16,1970 AS SYNOPTIC VN10118 STATION AT THE AIRPORT. BAROMETER HEIGHT IS 167m. VN10119 VN10120 VN10121 "MATURIN" VN10122 VN10123 STATION #80435, DATED FROM THE YEAR 1931 AS RECORDING RAIN GAGE VN10124 STATION, IS LOCATED AT THE ARMY DISTRICT (QUARTERS). BEGINNING VN10125 WITH 1940 CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS WERE TAKEN AND BEGINNING VN10126 WITH AUGUST 8, 1949 IT WAS CLASSIFIED AS SYNOPTIC. IN OCTOBER VN10127 1954 IT WAS RELOCATED AT THE AIRPORT, 700m TO THE NORTH OF THE VN10128 PREVIOUS LOCATION. THE DATA WERE CORRECTED FROM SIMULTANEOUS VN10129 OBSERVATIONS. BAROMETER HEIGHT IS 66msNM. VN10130 VN10131 VN10132 "MERIDA" VN10133 VN10134 Station 80438 was established in 1921 with recording rain gage VN10135 observations in the army district headquarters (even though data VN10136 exists since 1914). Beginning with 1935 climatological VN10137 observations went into effect and beginning with August 7, 1949 VN10138 synoptic observations were being taken. In 1955 the station was VN10139 relocated to the airport some 3 km southwest of the previous VN10140 location. The data were corrected. Barometer height is 1498 VN10141 msNM. VN10142 VN10143 VN10144 "CIUDAD BOLIVAR" VN10145 VN10146 Station 80444 started with recording rain gage observations in VN10147 January 1921; beginning with 1935 it was established as VN10148 climatological station and since August 15, 1949 synoptic VN10149 observations are being taken. Since the beginning, the station VN10150 was installed on the terrace of the army district headquarters VN10151 and was relocated in February 1954 to the airport, some 300 m VN10152 south of the Terminal Building. The observations were corrected. VN10153 Barometer height is 44 msNM. VN10154 VN10155 VN10156 "SAN ANTONIO DEL TACHIRA" VN10157 VN10158 Station 80447 started in 1942 as recording rain gage located at VN10159 the National Guard district headquarters (incomplete in 1945). VN10160 In August 15, 1949 it was declared as synoptic station and VN10161 relocated to the airport 5 km northwest of the city. Between VN10162 1951 and 1961 some modifications of the observation field were VN10163 made. It was not necessary to correct the data. Barometer VN10164 height is 378 msNM. VN10165 VN10166 VN10167 "GUASDUALITO" VN10168 VN10169 Station 80448 was established on June 12, 1971 as a synoptic VN10170 station at the airport. Barometer height is 139 msNM. VN10171 VN10172 VN10173 "SAN FERNANDO" VN10174 VN10175 Station 80450 dated from the year 1921 as a recording rain gage VN10176 at the Army District headquarters. Beginning in 1938 it was made VN10177 a climatological observation station. In July 18, 1949 it was VN10178 established as a synoptic station. In September 1955 it was VN10179 relocated to the airport some 3 km toward the west. The VN10180 observations were effectively made simultaneously, so the data VN10181 did not need to be corrected. Barometer height is 48 msNM. VN10182 VN10183 VN10184 "TUMEREMO" VN10185 VN10186 Station 80453 was established as a climatological station in VN10187 February 1938 at the Army District headquarters and on August 18, VN10188 1949 it was relocated as a synoptic station to the airport, some VN10189 6 km toward the west of the previous location. The data were VN10190 corrected. Barometer height is 180 msNM. VN10191 VN10192 VN10193 "PUERTO AYACUCHO" VN10194 VN10195 Station 80457 was installed as a synoptic station on July 18, VN10196 1958 at the National Guard quarters and relocated in 1972 to the VN10197 airport, some 4 km to the south. The data are corrected. VN10198 Barometer height is 74 msNM. VN10199 VN10200 VN10201 "SANTA ELENA" VN10202 VN10203 Station 80462 dated as a climatological station since 1940 on the VN10204 Civil Radio Grounds (data incomplete in 1949) and beginning VN10205 August 19, 1949 it was reclassified as synoptic. In February VN10206 1954 it was relocated to the National Guard quarters, some 300 m VN10207 from the previous location. The data were corrected. In VN10208 September 1981 the station was relocated to the airport, some 3 VN10209 km south southwest of the previous location. Temperature and VN10210 pressure data were not corrected and the averages we provided are VN10211 for 1961-1980. The rest of the elements were not adjusted. VN10212 Barometer height: at previous station was 868 msNM, at new VN10213 station is 896 msNM. VN10214 VN10215 YG10001 YG10002 YG10003 SOCIJALISTICKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA JUGOSLAVIJA YG10004 THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA YG10005 SAVEZNI HIDROMETEOROLOSKI ZAVOD YG10006 FEDERAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE YG10007 YG10008 Ref.No. 4/0-02-053/92-002 Beograd, 30 April 1992 YG10009 YG10010 Dear Sirs, YG10011 YG10012 Please find enclosed the data - climatological standard normal values for YG10013 CLIMAT stations: Beograd, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Split, Titograd and Sarajevo for YG10014 the period 01.01.1961 to 31.12.1990. The dislocation of the station SKopje YG10015 caused the unhomogeneity in the series of data, so we are sending you the data YG10016 for Skopje covering only the period 01.01.1967 to 31.12.1990. YG10017 YG10018 Following the recommended procedure we have calculated monthly values for YG10019 the surface meteorological elements, based on the three time daily terms at 07, YG10020 14 and 21 h, according to mean local time. These three terms have not been YG10021 changed since the very beginning of the work of the CLIMAT stations. YG10022 YG10023 The method of calculation and accuracy described in the WMO Technical Note YG10024 have been followed completely for: total precipitation amount, number of days YG10025 with precipitation greater or equal 1 mm, extreme temperature, pressure, YG10026 sunshine duration and vapour pressure. Total precipitation amounts and YG10027 sunshine duration have been calculated according to the daily totals, as well YG10028 as the mean numbers of days with precipitation greater or equal 1 mm. The mean YG10029 minimum and maximum temperature have been calculated from the daily extreme YG10030 values. The mean pressure values (at the station level and reduced at mean sea YG10031 level) and vapour pressure, have been obtained from the mean daily three term YG10032 values. YG10033 YG10034 Mean daily temperature have been calculated from this formula: YG10035 T7+T14+2T21/4. YG10036 YG10037 Unfortunately due to lot of missing data for Skopje for sunshine duration YG10038 we are not sending you that file. For the other stations in the whole period YG10039 of observation there were no missing data which could cause the lack of the YG10040 whole month mean, according to the instructions in the Note. YG10041 YG10042 The data in the files we are sending you are quality controlled. We have YG10043 tested the homogeneity for temperature and precipitation data following all YG10044 tests recommended in the WMO Technical Note No. 85 and we have noticed the YG10045 unhomogeneity for Skopje only. All other six stations passed the homogeneity YG10046 tests. YG10047 YG10048 Sincerely yours, YG10049 YG10050 S. Maksimovic, YG10051 Deputy-Director YG10052 YG10053