# Blake Bahama Outer Ridge and Humber Estuary, UK Oxidizing Pre-Treatments on Amino Acids Data over the last 900ka #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38379 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-38379.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/aar/millman2022/millman2022-humber.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Humber Estuary Amino Acids Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-08-01 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-08-01 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Blake Bahama Outer Ridge and Humber Estuary, UK Oxidizing Pre-Treatments on Amino Acids Data over the last 900ka #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Millman, Emily; Wheeler, Lucy; Billups, Katharina; Kaufman, Darrell; Penkman, Kirsty E.H. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Millman, E., Wheeler, L., Billups, K., Kaufman, D., Penkman, K.E.H. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022 # Published_Title: Testing the effect of oxidizing pre-treatments on amino acids in benthic and planktic foraminifera tests # Journal_Name: Quaternary Geochronology # Volume: 73 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101401 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Amino acid racemization (AAR) is a geochronological method that uses the ratio of D- to L- configurations in optically active amino acids from carbonate fossils to determine the time elapsed since the death of an organism. Although AAR techniques have been widely applied to foraminiferal tests, there have been limited dedicated assessments of the potential of isolating a bleach-resistant, intra-crystalline fraction of proteins to improve the reliability of AAR in this biomineral system. In this study, we evaluate the effect of two oxidative pre-treatments (hydrogen peroxide and bleach) on amino acid concentrations and D/L values in sub-modern benthic foraminifers (Ammonia spp. and Haynesina germanica) and well-preserved mid Holocene and mid Pleistocene planktic foraminifers (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, and Globorotalia tumida). The oxidative pre-treatments successfully reduced the amino acid content of the foraminiferal tests to a residual fraction, and with the exception of Ammonia spp., neither pre-treatment substantially affected the relative proportion of individual amino acids. The bleaching pre-treatment does not consistently alter D/L values when compared to peroxide pre-treatment, but it does tend to reduce the subsample variability in D/L values, albeit only to a small degree in an inconsistent fashion. Therefore, we recommend that a relatively weak oxidative pre-treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide is sufficient for foraminifera-based AAR applications. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Petroleum Research Fund # Grant: PRF #56964-ND #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: University of York Chemistry Department # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: #1855381 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council # Grant: #865222 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Humber Estuary # Location: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 54 # Southernmost_Latitude: 54 # Easternmost_Longitude: 0 # Westernmost_Longitude: 0 # Elevation_m: -6.5 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Humber Estuary Amino Acids Millman2022 # First_Year: 0 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Labcode sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C, ## Site sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## Top depth at sample end,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,depth at top of core section ## Bottom depth at sample start,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,depth at bottom of core section ## Species notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,benthic foraminifera species used for measurements ## Pre-treatment notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Unbleached is only sonication treatment in water, H2O2 is hydrogen peroxide treatment, and NaOCl is bleach treatment ## Duration notes,,,hour,,paleoceanography,,,N,time in hydrogen peroxide or bleach; pre-treatment duration ## Tests number of samples,,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,number of foraminifera tests analyzed per sample ## Asp_D/L aspartic acid,foraminifer,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,ratio of D- to L-aspartic acid; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## Glu_D/L glutamic acid,foraminifer,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,ratio of D- to L-glutamic acid; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## L-Ser/L-Asp amino acid,foraminifer,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,ratio of L-serine to L-aspartic acid; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Asp] aspartic acid,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of aspartic acid; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Glu] glutamic acid,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of glutamic acid; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Ser] serine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of serine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Gly] glycine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of glycine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Ala] alanine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of alanine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Val] valine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of valine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Phe] phenylalanine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of phenylalanine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Ile] isoleucine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of isoleucine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Leu] leucine,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of lecuine; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ## [Total] amino acid,foraminifer,,picomole,,paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography,N,total amino acid concentration; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Labcode Site Top Bottom Species Pre-treatment Duration Tests Asp_D/L Glu_D/L L-Ser/L-Asp [Asp] [Glu] [Ser] [Gly] [Ala] [Val] [Phe] [Ile] [Leu] [Total] 12168uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.076 0.049 1.5 8 7 11 20 9 6 4 7 5 91 12168uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.076 0.047 1.4 8 7 11 18 10 7 4 8 5 93 12169uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.089 0.042 3.4 3 2 9 19 6 4 2 5 3 65 12169uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.081 NaN 3.0 3 3 10 19 6 5 2 5 3 67 12170uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.074 0.046 1.3 14 10 16 34 14 10 5 12 8 146 12170uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica Unbleached 0 30 0.075 0.043 1.2 14 10 16 29 15 10 5 12 8 142 12195uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. Unbleached 0 30 NaN NaN 0.7 3 1 2 14 2 0 1 1 0 26 12196uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. Unbleached 0 30 0.064 0.040 2.0 17 9 32 76 21 14 8 17 12 239 12197uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. Unbleached 0 30 NaN NaN 0.9 3 1 3 21 4 1 1 1 0 38 12198uH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. Unbleached 0 30 0.071 0.043 1.5 16 8 22 56 13 9 5 10 7 170 AB128-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 2 50 0.076 0.035 0.9 13 5 11 27 6 4 2 4 2 87 AB129-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 2 50 0.080 0.039 0.8 7 3 5 16 2 4 1 3 2 51 AB130-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 2 50 0.079 0.037 0.8 13 5 10 28 4 3 1 3 2 84 HG131-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 2 60 0.070 0.041 0.9 6 4 5 7 1 3 2 3 2 43 HG132-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 2 51 0.072 0.042 0.8 6 4 5 7 1 3 2 3 2 47 HG133-3x2h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 2 50 0.069 0.039 0.8 6 4 5 7 0 3 2 3 2 44 100ABb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 4 120 0.068 0.034 0.5 3 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 14 101ABb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 4 120 0.066 0.032 0.4 5 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 21 102ABb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 4 120 0.025 0.008 0.2 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 125HGb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 4 130 0.070 0.037 2.2 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 126HGb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 4 120 0.070 0.034 1.4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 127HGb4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 4 120 0.071 0.033 1.3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 AB134-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 4 51 0.077 0.036 0.7 13 5 9 25 4 3 1 3 2 76 AB135-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 4 50 0.076 0.034 0.8 10 4 8 22 4 3 1 2 2 65 AB136-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 3% H2O2 4 50 0.074 0.034 0.8 9 4 7 22 2 3 1 2 1 61 HG137-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 4 50 0.071 0.041 0.9 4 2 3 5 0 2 1 2 2 29 HG138-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 4 50 0.065 NaN 1.3 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 15 HG139-3x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 3% H2O2 4 50 0.067 0.032 0.8 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 22 AB140-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 30% H2O2 4 50 0.071 0.031 0.8 7 3 6 13 4 2 1 2 1 46 AB141-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 30% H2O2 4 50 0.073 0.033 0.9 4 1 3 9 2 1 0 1 0 25 AB142-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 30% H2O2 4 50 0.071 0.031 0.9 6 2 5 13 1 2 1 2 1 36 HG143-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 30% H2O2 4 50 0.066 NaN 1.8 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 11 HG144-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 30% H2O2 4 60 0.055 NaN 0.8 3 1 2 3 0 1 1 0 1 16 HG145-30x4h-THAA Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 30% H2O2 4 60 0.066 0.030 1.5 4 5 6 10 0 2 2 3 2 44 12174b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 30 NaN NaN 2.5 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 7 12174b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 30 NaN NaN 2.2 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 7 12175b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 31 0.126 NaN 3.6 1 1 3 5 2 2 1 2 1 19 12175b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 31 0.069 NaN 3.3 1 1 3 5 2 2 1 2 1 20 12176b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 30 0.071 NaN 4.0 1 2 5 6 3 3 1 2 1 27 12176b24H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 24 30 0.096 NaN 3.8 2 2 6 6 3 3 0 2 1 27 12203-24bH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 24 30 NaN NaN 3.2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 12204-24bH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 24 30 NaN NaN 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 5 12205-24bH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 24 30 0.080 NaN 0.4 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 12206-24bH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 24 30 0.077 NaN 0.4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 11 12179b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 NaN NaN 0.9 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 12180b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.071 NaN 1.8 1 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 9 12181b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 NaN NaN 0.9 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 12182b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 32 NaN NaN 0.9 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 12192b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 48 30 NaN NaN NaN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 12193b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.036 NaN 0.3 3 1 1 3 2 1 0 1 0 14 12194b48H Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.072 0.038 0.8 3 2 2 4 2 2 0 2 1 19 HG020-2dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.065 0.035 2.3 4 7 8 9 5 4 0 7 3 55 HG021-2dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.073 0.033 1.3 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 11 HG022-2dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 48 30 0.070 0.035 1.4 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 7 12209-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.068 0.025 1.5 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 7 12210-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 31 0.083 0.040 0.3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 12211-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.092 0.037 0.5 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 4 12212-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.083 NaN 0.4 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 7 HGm003-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.079 0.041 1.0 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 11 HGm004-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.083 0.044 0.7 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 7 HGm005-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.082 0.041 0.8 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 7 HGm006-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 96 35 NaN NaN NaN 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 AB017-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.077 0.050 0.6 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 11 AB018-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 NaN NaN 2.6 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 4 AB019-4dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 96 30 0.069 0.031 2.3 2 2 5 9 3 2 1 5 2 36 HGm008-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 192 30 0.086 NaN 0.7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 HGm009-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 192 30 NaN NaN NaN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 HGm010-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 192 30 0.084 0.047 1.0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 HGm011-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Haynesina germanica 12% NaOCl 192 29 0.082 NaN 1.0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 ABm013-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 192 30 0.080 0.041 0.7 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 13 ABm014-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 192 30 0.083 0.041 0.7 2 1 1 4 1 1 0 1 1 13 ABm015-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 192 31 0.084 0.043 0.4 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 12 ABm016-8dbH Humber Estuary, UK 0 5 Ammonia spp. 12% NaOCl 192 30 0.083 0.042 0.4 3 1 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 13